ethics final
An Unethical health care provider would most likely ask which of the following questions?
"How can I use healthcare data to benefit myself"
What are the questions that apply to the three "rules of thumb" pg (125-126)
-Does this action attempt to deceive anyone or allow anyone to be deceived? -Does this action gain or allow the gain of privilege or advantage to which I or someone else would not otherwise be entitled?--Would I be dissatisfied by the outcome if I were on the receiving end of this action?
There are three models used to provide universal insurance coverage for a population. Which one does the United States system use? PG 184
BISMARCK MODEL -BEVERIDGE OR NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE MODEL-NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE MODEL
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA 2010) resulted from which of the following?
Bills that were introduced in Congress in 1980 and 1990.
Which step should an ethics committee take when addressing an ethical crisis?
Communicate only with selected individuals to prevent information about the crisis from spreading
The increased emphasis on ethical policy development today is a result of The Joint Commission's 1992 mandate that required all hospitals to form an ethics committee.( Pg 108)
False
True or False. Because the participants in the Tuskegee study agreed to participate and were compensated for their participation, the standard of patient autonomy was maintained.
False
true or false? individuals usually apply the same ethics to anonymous online behavior as they do to face to face interactions.
False
The Veterans Health Administration is an example of which universal insurance coverage for a population?
Government owned and Government operated -Beveridge or National Health Service model
A pharmaceutical company seeking participants for a new drug trial pays a healthcare provider to provide medical records of patients with specific conditions that the drug targets so that they can recruit the patients for their study. Which of the following has occurred?
HIPAA violation
Why is healthcare data frequently the target of ransomware attacks?
Healthcare data is time sensitive, so cyber attackers are more likely to get paid quickly.
Although infertility is not classifiable as a disease and is never life-threatening, which of the following is true regarding its consequences?
Infertility can cause intense suffering and be a dysfunction of normal life.
In 1965, which piece of legislation was designed to provide care for needy children?( Pg 185 bottom of the pg)
Medicaid
Which is an anticipated impact of the aging baby boomer generation on healthcare providers?
More healthcare providers will be needed to care for baby boomers, but fewer providers will be available as baby boomers retire
Which of the following resulted from the legislation that was enacted by Congress in 1982, providing funding for hospice care benefits? Pg .89
More older adults continued to live in their homes instead of facilities.
Which of the following correctly analyzes the issues of the costs of care related to long-term and palliative care?
Most people age 65 and older either cannot afford or do not qualify for assistance by government programs for long-term health and palliative care.
A weight limit equation for safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) would apply to which of the following agencies?
National Institute of occupations safety and health (NIOSH) pg 153
To avoid overlapping functions, the roles and responsibilities of each subcommittee need to be clearly defined
TRUE
T/F: The interdisciplinary team of HECs(Healthcare Ethics committee) serves as a vehicle for identifying and addressing merging ethics issues that can arise as changes occur in policies, population served and technology
True
The U.S. Congress enacted legislation that lead to hospice care throughout the United States.
True
The healthcare industry is very dependent upon the use of technology?
True
True or False: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a non-government entity that undertakes major initiatives to address health inequalities both within and between nations
True
the WHO( World Health Organization) defines the function of HIT( Health information Technology) as data generation, complication, analysis, synthesis and communication
True
true or false? National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) In the Veterans Health Administration are partners working with 26 nursing schools to further safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) curricula.
True
when considering synthetic biology, an ethics based question to include would be " what agencies will be trusted with the oversight and regulation of this advancing science"?
True
What is the inevitable result of commercialization of reproduction, which is governed by contract and the purchase of body parts and functions?
familial culture becomes fragmented and alienated
Which of the following factors deserve the least amount of scrutiny when analyzing health inequalities among socially important groups?
hair color
A man and a woman are considering in vitro fertilization as an option for conceiving a child together. If a conflict of interest regarding ethical positions on reproductive technology arises, which of the following should the potential parents be prepared to give the most consideration to
the nascent human life of the potential child
A woman is considering entering into a surrogacy contract, and she is pondering her responsibilities. Which of the following does this potential surrogate mother morally have the most obligation to protect?
the responsibility for the life that may result from her surrogacy
A hospital's IRB (Institutional Review Board) might determine that an experimental treatment poses too many risks relative to the potential benefit to the patient and recommend that the treatment not be offered at that facility.
true
Gourmet children may have to live up to high expectations
true
The majority of elder care for those who are not in nursing homes is provided by family members.
true
12. Which statement suggests the nature of the business of healthcare?
A caring relationship exists between those who need healthcare and the providers.
14. A healthcare system that provides access to high-quality and affordable care for all those who need it is as:
ACA 2010 (Affordable Care Act)- Universal Health Care System
Synthetic Biology_
Allows scientists to replace the natural genetic material within a simple bacterial cell with synthetic (human made), genetically copied material that is capable of self-replicating. 142
Select all that apply: Distributive justice:
Basic needs, material and social goods, liberties, rights, and entitlements
Massachusetts has individual and employer-mandated insurance. This is an example of which universal insurance coverage for a population?
Bismarck Model -private insurance
Which pandemic urged nations to reconsider their trade practices?
Cholera
What is an effective method for facilitating workplace spirituality?
Creating a vision for how workers can exhibit spirituality
Which step would an ethics committee following Nelson's multistep model take first?
Define the conflict and the ethical question involved.
1. In the response to the Ebola epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) expedited drug trials for experimental drugs. ___________were established to review those protocols
Ethics Units
Medicare and Medicaid are examples of which universal insurance coverage for a population
Government-provided insurance
Why is the involvement of HECs necessary in the area of resource allocation? (pg 110, resource allocation)
Hospitals do not have enough funding to meet all demands and must make ethically complex decisions about how scarce resources are allocated.
Which company are there ethics concerns with supercomputers replacing physicians?
IBM watson
Which of the following is true regarding how demographic factors are predicted to change the need for long-term care?
Increased healthcare services and governmental financing will be necessary
How can the ethics of child adoption be compared to the ethical justification for taking risks and trying new assisted reproductive technologies?
Innovative infertility treatments that break genetic ties can be just as successful as the socially and legally accepted practice of child adoption.
Which of the following ethical standards would be proposed by Callahan with the aim of safeguarding the well-being of a potential child, individual parents, family structures, and positive moral values of society?
It is ethically permissible to use an alternative reproductive technology if it makes it possible for a socially adequate, married heterosexual couple to have a child that the couple would normally expect to have but cannot because of infertility.
two patients of the same health care provider need the same complex surgery. the provider refers one patient with comprehensive insurance benefits and adequate financial resources to a surgeon who specializes in the latest robotic assisted surgery techniques. the provider refers the other patient, who has limited resources and insurance benefits, to a surgeon who provides the existing standard of care. Which ethical principle is most directly violated?
Justice
Which of the following is true regarding the outcome of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Health Risk Appraisal that was conducted in 2013-2014?
Less than half of the nurses who had access to equipment consistently used it.
A 55-year-old patient had a stroke with left-sided paralysis, requires long-term care, but has no insurance and lives paycheck to paycheck on a single-person income which will no longer exist. The patient would be eligible for which of the following types of payment options for the long-term care?
Medicaid
Which group of health care professionals are responsible for the most injuries in health care?
Nurses
Key provision of the healthcare reform legislation of 2010 included provisions that specified incentive payments to providers based on quality measures. Which survey was implemented?
PUBLIC OPINION POLLS?/ I think It's HCAHPS? Cant find it!
Safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) and preventing physical injury is a professional, legal, an ethical concern that applies to which of the following?pg 285 definition
Patient, family members in interprofessional health providers
Which factor results in a reduction of medical errors?
Patient-centered care.
10. How do epidemics change the healthcare field concerning ethics?
Previous outbreaks help see which ethical issues need to be addressed in future outbreaks
2. The Black Death led to major loss of population. It also led to the beginning of what practice?
Quarantine
A hacker infects a hospital network, using encryption to make patient records unreadable. The hacker demands payment to unencrypt the records. Which is the hacker using?
Ransomware
A patient requests a new treatment that they read about online. The treatment is very expensive and is not covered by the patient's insurance because a less expensive alternative is considered the standard of care. What is the best course of action for the HEC?
Reallocate hospital resources in anticipation that the new treatment will become the new standard of care.
16. The refusal of some states to participate in exchanges that explain Medicaid reflects which view of social justice?
Small government/libertarian perspective of social justice
11. During and after WW II, unions did not make health insurance one of the most important parts of negotiations.
TRUE
13. Most societies and people agree that there is a fundamental rights to healthcare: PG 287 PDF
TRUE
15. The affordable care act of 2010 has a requirement for all American and legal immigrants to have healthcare insurance coverage or pay a penalty
TRUE
Which of the following was one of the elements that led to the demand for quality health care?
The large number of adult children providing care or arranging care for their aged parents.
In the context of research using human subjects, the element of competence refers to which of the following?
The patient's understanding of the treatment, its potential side effects, and their probability of receiving possible outcomes
Why was the choice of subjects for the Willowbrook study unethical?
The subjects were all adolescent minors who had mental disabilities and were not competent to give informed consent
25. Safe patient handling and mobility programs may be costly but..
They safe money in injuries they save money in injuries
How do Google Maps provide users with traffic information in the time it takes to arrive at one's chosen destination?
They use our cell phones to track the distance
The Tuskegee syphilis study was a well-documented unethical story that promised participants what in return for their participation? (Pg. 140, Rt side of pg.)
They were compensated with food, medical care, and burial insurance.
Which countries are less likely to have a cholera outbreak?
Those with a public health system.
Which of the following is one of the major goals of palliative care programs?
To meet the patients needs by providing special staff.
Engagement of ethics committees in both clinical and policy roles help organizations to obtain ethical excellence
True
If society believes that health and health care is a social good, it has a duty to provide it for all.
True
If society believes that health and healthcare is a social good, it has a duty to provide for all
True
A patient participant in a research study wishes to drop out of the study but is reluctant to do so because they feel intimidated by the researcher. Which element of the ethical medical research on the human subjects is compromised?
Voluntariness
A married couple is considering using alternative reproductive technology. They are discussing the potential outcomes and where they stand ethically. Which of the following should they ultimately ground their ethical position on?
What will benefit the various individuals involved as well as the common good.
The HEC is investigating a case in which a patient's competency and ability to give informed consent has been called into question. Which individual should the HEC consult to determine specifically how the principles of ethics apply to the situation?
` an ethicist
The nurse is assessing a patient at the hospital for long-term care needs and found the patient requires help with toileting and bathing only. The nurse should classify the patient as needing which of the following?
activities of daily living (ADLs) dependent
Healthcare ethics committees should include subcommittees that concentrate on which two primary areas? (pg 114, 2nd paragraph)
administrative issues and clinical practice issues
The amount of people who will require long-term care is difficult to formulate mostly because of which of the following?
advances in health care, the environment and lifestyle changes that will improve health
A patient who is Jehovah witness and refuses a blood-transfusion to save their life would fall under which ethics theory?
authority-based
A top hospital administrator whose relative is currently battling cancer wants to increase the percentage of donated funds that is allocated for experimental cancer treatments by cutting the percentage that is used for quality of life enhancements and enrichment activities for terminally ill patients. Which area(s) related to the ethics of resource allocation does the HEC need to consider in this case? (pg 110 parag. 2)
conflicts of interest -uncertainty of outcomes
A nurse reporting concerns about lax charting by members of the patient care staff is showing signs of moral residue. (Pg115)
false
HECs should base decisions related to resource allocation on community values, legal requirements, and local and national politics.
false
Healthcare is a substance right that may or may not be a legal right
false
Hospitals do not include clergy members on ethics committees unless the hospital is a faith-based institution.
false
In most cases, an egg or sperm donor contracts to include future interactions with a potential offspring.
false
true or false. researchers never become absorbed in the study that they fail to see ethical implications of their research?
false
Which of the following should describe ethics committee members?
known for their high moral principles and reasoning skills -competent in their areas of expertise
An advanced 3T MRI machine is an example of which of the following ?
medical technology
A physician begins to experience headaches and fatigue and is uncharacteristically irritable both at the hospital and at home. When asked about work, the physician expresses frustration at staffing shortages leading to delays in care implementation and patient discomfort. The physician is exhibiting signs of which phenomenon?
moral distress
3. Individuals, who take precautions to protect themselves and prevent the spreading of disease are demonstrating what?
moral responsibility
Assisted suicide is an ethical dilemma that would mostly relate to which theory?
natural law
The term for programs that assist elderly with managing chronic illness and emphasize is aging in the home is
palliative care.
Which prevention activity is most effective with diseases that spread through direct contact?
quarantine
Which member of the ethics committee is responsible for understanding and presenting the patient's view of a healthcare situation?
social services representative
Which of the following do most older patients do when long-term care is necessary and the patient is not poor enough to qualify for government assistance
spend money on bills until the patient is poor enough to qualify
Which of the following is required to determine whether a specific situation is inequitable or not?
the measurement and comparison of the status of at least two populations
A primary challenge faced by HEC educators is convincing staff of the need for and benefits of ethics training.
true
