Ethics Test- 5:8

Which of the following types of misconduct involves a corporation's financial reports, in which companies provide important information on which investors and others base decisions involving millions of dollars?

Accounting fraud

A cultural audit may be used to assess which of the following?

An organization's values

Which type of fraudulent activity involves an employee who assists a consumer in committing the fraud?

Collusion

Which type of fraud involves intentional deception on the part of an individual or group in order to derive an unfair economic advantage over an organization?

Consumer

Which of the following refers to the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension?

Ethical awareness

Ethical concerns in centralized structures can occur because of very little _______.

upward communication

A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep their company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees is trying to secure the greatest good for the greatest number of people, making them a(n) _______.

utilitarian

Optimization is defined as which of the following?

A trade-off between equity and efficiency

Which of the following requires an individual to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes?

An ethical dilemma

Which of the following are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives?

Business ethics

A high concern for people but minimal concern for performance can best describe which type of culture?

Caring

Which organizational structure is characterized by low flexibility, low adaptability, and low problem recognition?

Centralized

According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development—and with time, education, and experience—which of the following statements is true?

Cognitive moral development and behavior may change.

Which of the following can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization?

Corporate culture

When an employee sorts through a competing business's trash to see if there are any documents that could reveal secret information, this is an example of a misuse of which of the following?

Corporate intelligence

The process of handling a high-impact event characterized by ambiguity and the need for swift action to assess and respond to potential damage is known as which of the following?

Crisis management

Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?

Deontology

Which form of justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship?

Distributive

Which philosophy defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize a particular person's self-interest as defined by the individual?

Egoism

Which type of culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies, top management's leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical behavior?

Ethical

Any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression is known as which of the following?

Fraud

Why might an individual's moral philosophies differ when making a personal decision versus a work-related decision?

Goals and pressures in the workplace are different from those outside of work.

Normative approaches focus on which of the following?

How organizational decision makers should approach an issue

Which of the following is/are important in establishing a foundation for normative values?

Institutions

Cho, a well-liked executive, inspires her employees to follow a common vision, facilitates change, and creates a strongly positive climate, all while stressing performance. In this scenario, what type of culture has Cho helped to create?

Integrative

Which of the following is a question you need to ask when you suspect that workplace bullying has occurred?

Is your supervisor requiring impossible things from you without training?

Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between business ethics and age?

It is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.

Which of the following deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones?

Justice

Creating a perception or belief by words that intentionally deceives someone is related to which of the following?

Lying by commission

Which of the following refers to the process of dishonestly creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products?

Marketing fraud

Which of the following relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others?

Moral intensity

Which of the following is an individual factor that affects business ethics?

Nationality

Which of the following statements regarding abusive and intimidating behavior is true?

Not everyone agrees on what constitutes abusive behavior.

According to the ethical decision-making framework for unethical behavior, the absence of punishment provides which of the following?

Opportunity

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?

Opportunity

Which of the following includes shared values, norms, and artifacts that influence employees and determine behavior?

Organizational culture

Because all organizations have some type of culture, which of the following terms are often used interchangeably?

Organizational culture; corporate culture

An exacting organizational culture is interested in which of the following?

Performance, but with little concern for employees

Which form of justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results?

Procedural

When a restaurant claims that it sells the world's best cup of coffee, it could be accused of which of the following?

Puffery

Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?

Relativist perspective

Which of the following have lower ethical issue sensitivity—meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues—and may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives?

Relativists

Bringing together the functional expertise of employees from several different areas of the organization on a single project defines which of the following?

Teams

Which of the following has been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior?

The existence of good personal values or morals

In order for whistle-blowing to be effective, which of the following must be true?

The whistle-blower must have adequate knowledge of wrongdoing that could damage society.

Conflicts of interest arise when an individual must choose between which of the following?

To advance their own personal interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group

While he is normally against the idea of harming animals, Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind. Which moral philosophy most closely represents Eric's viewpoint in this scenario?

Utilitarianism

The elements of trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness that are important to business transactions are part of which of the following?

Virtue

Which of the following argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate?

Virtue ethics

Which of the following are specifically used to subdivide duties within functional areas of a company?

Work groups

The offering of something of value in order to gain an illicit advantage is known as _______.

bribery

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost because the manager believes in the rights of all individuals, may be considered a(n) _______.

deontologist

Associating with others who are unethical and who have the opportunity to act unethically can lead to a learning process known as _______.

differential association

The idea that people learn ethical or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are a part of their role-sets is referred to as _______.

differential association

The relevance or importance of an ethical event or decision in the eyes of the individual, work group, and/or organization is referred to as _______.

ethical issue intensity

People who go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable believe in _______.

external locus of control

If there is congruence between individual ethics and the organizational ethical culture, the potential for making ethical choices in organizational decision making _______.

increases

Individuals, often from the same department, who have a common interest but not an explicit organizational structure are known as _______.

informal groups

Employees who believe they control the events in their lives by their own effort and skill are referred to as having a(n) _______.

internal locus of control

When deciding whether or not to conduct a cultural audit, it is important to consider that management's sense of the organization's culture _______.

may not be in line with the values and ethical beliefs that actually guide a firm's employees

An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within the individual's company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n) _______.

relativist

An ethical issue is defined as a problem, situation, or opportunity that _______.

requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical