Europe Exam (World Geography 9)

What does 'Balkan' mean?

Balkan: 'mountains'

What is balkanization?

Balkanization: division of Balkan Peninsula into smaller countries

What are the population densities of Belgium and The Netherlands?

Belgium and The Netherlands have population densities of 887 and 1,033 per square mile.

What is the center of the European Union?

Brussels is both the commercial center of Belgium and the administrative center of the European Union.

What acronym do you use to find relevant evidence to support a claim?

C: Credible (trustworthy) A: Accurate (no errors) R: Relevant (connected to topic) S: Specific (detailed)

What groups make up Eastern Europe's heritage?

Celts, Germanics, and Slavs make up Eastern Europe's heritage. They have Indo-European and Asian roots.

Who ruled the Franks?

Charlemagne ruled the Franks.

What are City-States?

City-States: cities in Greece as independent states; introduced democracy; caused Italy to stay fragmented for hundreds of years

What was the Cold War?

Cold War: power struggle between Communist (East) & Democratic (West) world; U.S. & Britain vs. Soviet Union

What is Communism?

Communism: philosophy calling for anti-capitalism & economic / government equality

What was the Enlightenment?

Enlightenment: strayed away from church & moved towards reason & questioning; pursued voice in gov.; inspired French & American Revolution; Parliament (930), Magna Carta (1215), 1689), Representation of the People Act (1928)

What is ethnic cleansing?

Ethnic Cleansing: expelling / killing certain groups within your borders

What type of landform is Europe?

Europe is a giant peninsula formed by glaciation.

How big is Europe in terms of area?

Europe, including the western portion of Russia, is 4,000,000 square miles, which is smaller compared to other continents.

What country is the most populated in all of Europe?

Germany is the most populated country in Europe with 82,500,000 people living there and 598 people per square mile.

What were the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages: time between ancient & modern times; 500 - 1500 A.D.; Germanic groups (Angles, Jutes, & Saxons) took control

What are mistral and sirocco winds?

Mistral: strong, cold winds from the Alps to Southern France Sirocco: warm winds from North Africa to Southern Europe

Who were the Moors?

Moors: Muslim group that ruled Spain for 700 years

How literate is Southern Europe?

More than 95% of the region is literate.

What are the countries of Northern Europe?

Northern Europe is comprised of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland, & Northern Ireland), Iceland, Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland, & Denmark)

What are the 3 main rivers in Europe?

Thames: runs through England; connects England Channel to London Danube: starts in Black Forest (Germany) & runs through Hungary & Romania to Black Sea Rhine:runs through Swiss Alps, France, Germany, & The Netherlands

What is realism?

Realism: accurate depictions of everyday life in the mid-1800s

What was the Reformation?

Reformation: religion movement from Catholicism to Protestantism; 1500s; started in Germany; Martin Luther created Ninety-Five Theses in 1517; caused many religious wars

What was the Renaissance?

Renaissance: period of intellectual growth; 1300s - 1500s; began in Italy; new ideas in art, music, exploration, & commerce; Leonardo da Vinci & Michelangelo; led to Reformation & Age of Discovery

What are reparations?

Reparations: payments for war damage

Who are the Roma people?

Roma: Gypsies; persecuted by Hitler

What religions are practiced in Southern Europe?

Roman Catholicism, Greek Orthodox, and Islam are practiced in this region.

What types of languages are used in Southern Europe?

Romantic (derived from Latin), such as Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are common here.

What is romanticism?

Romanticism: focus on emotions & struggles of individuals

Where is the population in Scandinavia and how do they adapt to their environment?

Rugged terrain has forced people to live on Scandinavia's coast. They built dikes to hold back water.

Which groups have invaded Western Europe?

The Celts, Romans, Franks, Frisians, and the Basque have invaded this region.

Which two early civilizations shaped Southern Europe?

The Greeks and Romans shaped this region.

When did the Slavs fall under Ottoman control?

The Ottoman Empire started controlling the Slavs in 1453 after overthrowing the Byzantine Empire.

What religion did the Romans bring to this region?

The Romans brought Roman Catholicism.

What country has the highest population density in Northern Europe and why? What is the most populated city in this country?

The U.K. has the highest population density with a density of 635 people per square miles because people are attracted to temperate climates. London is the most populated city here.

What forms of leisure are in Southern Europe?

Soccer, bullfighting, family gatherings, and traditional celebrations are common in Southern Europe.

What are some forms of architecture in Southern Europe?

Southern Europe has columns, arches, and domes.

What countries make up Southern Europe?

Southern Europe is comprised of the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain), Andorra, Italy, Vatican City, and Greece.

What is the population density of Spain?

Spain has a population density of 207 people per square mile. Spain's population is concentrated around its coast and industrial locations. Its capital is Madrid.

What did the Roman Empire become after it was overthrown?

The empire became the Byzantine Empire. Its capital was Constantinople.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Treaty of Versailles: treaty to end WWI; Germany had to pay reparations; left them poor

What countries have the highest population in Eastern Europe?

Ukraine and Poland have the highest populations in Europe. This is because these countries have fertile soil and ample water sources.

What is the biggest country in terms of area?

Ukraine is the largest country in Europe with an area of 233,000 square miles.

What attracts people to Western Europe?

Urban cities and fertile farmland attracts people to Western Europe.

What is Vatican City?

Vatican City: independent state inside Rome, Italy; 1,000 people

What was World War I?

World War I (WWI): Central Powers vs. The Allies; 1914 - 1919; Western Europe suffered destruction & casualties; caused by militarism, alliances, imperialism, & nationalism

What were the Crusades?

Crusades: series of religious wars; fought for Palestine; Muslims vs. Christians; extended trade routes

What ethnic groups make up the East, West, and South Slavs?

East Slavs: Ukrainians, Russians, & Belarusians West Slavs: Poles, Czechs, & Slovaks South Slavs: Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, & Macedonians

Why is Eastern Europe behind other countries in terms of development?

Eastern Europe is behind because it was under Soviet control.

What countries make up Eastern Europe?

Eastern Europe is comprised of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Romania.

What were the effects of natural energy sources in Europe and where can they be found?

Energy sources have allowed Europe to industrialize. Oil and natural gas can be found in the North Sea. Coal can be found in the U.K., Germany, Ukraine, & Poland.

What is feudalism?

Feudalism: system of gov. where lords give nobles land in exchange for loyalty

What was the French Revolution?

French Revolution: French overthrew its monarchy; late 1700s

Which groups overtook Rome?

Germanic groups overthrew Rome but adopted Roman Catholicism.

What is glaciation?

Glaciation: process, condition, or result of of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets

What are guest workers?

Guest Workers: foreigners who temporarily work in a country; boosts country's economy; started in Germany in 1950s

What is the status of health care in Southern Europe?

Health care varies throughout this region. Spain has advanced health care while Greece is less successful.

What was the Holocaust?

Holocaust: mass killing of over 6,000,000 Jews by Nazis (Germany)

What are the islands included in Europe?

Iceland: volcanoes, hot springs, & geysers British Isles: Great Britain, Ireland, & thousands of smaller islands Islands of the Mediterranean: Sicily (Italy), Sardinia (Italy), Corsica (France), & Crete (Greece); 2,000 smaller islands

What is impressionism?

Impressionism: depictions of immediate experiences & the natural world; late 1800s

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Industrial Revolution: growth in factories, economies, & business; 1700s - 1800s

What was the Irish Famine?

Irish Famine: potatoes depleted in Ireland; 1840s; 1,600,000 died of famine; caused movement to U.S.

What country is the most populated in Southern Europe?

Italy is the most populated country in this region with a population of 58,000,000 people and 505 people per square mile.

What are the different peninsulas that are included in Europe?

Northern Peninsulas: Scandinavian & Jutland; steep sided & valley inlets Scandinavian: Norway & Sweden Jutland: Denmark Southern Peninsulas: Iberian, Italian, & Balkan; allow access to water & trade Iberian: Spain & Portugal Italian: Italy Balkan: Croatia & Bulgaria to Greece (8 countries)

What are the common languages in Eastern Europe?

Polish, Czech, Latvian, and Lithuanian are common languages in this region.

What is the population of Portugal?

Portugal's population is 10,600,000.

What religions are most common in Northern Europe?

The region practices religious freedom, however, Protestantism is most common here.

How is family life in Western Europe?

This region has high standards of living.

How literate is Northern Europe?

This region is almost 100% literate.

What languages are most common in Northern Europe?

This region speaks Indo-European languages, such as Swedish and English.

What are welfare states?

Welfare States: countries where health care is funded by gov.

How literate is Western Europe?

Western Europe is 98% - 100% literate.

What countries make up Western Europe?

Western Europe is comprised of France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria.

What are the common languages of Western Europe?

Western Europe speaks Indo-European languages, such as French and German.

Who are some influential art figures from Northern Europe?

William Shakespeare wrote many plays and Hans Christian Andersen wrote wrote fairy tales.

What was World War II?

Word War II (WWII): more destruction than WWI; 1939 - 1945; Axis vs. Allied Powers; caused by unsettled disputes from WWI