EV 19
As you go deeper in the ocean, the oxygen concentration _____.
decreases
Turbulence _____ with depth in the ocean.
decreases
Concerning body fluids, the physiology of fish in seawater is challenged to _____. In fresh water, the challenge is to _____.
dump salt, keep salt
In classification of marine organisms, which phylum includes sea anemones and starfish?
echinodermata
In low oxygen areas clams may have bright red tissues because of _____.
high hemoglobin
A terrestrial creature lives in a primarily _____ environment, while an oceanic creature lives in a more _____ environment.
horizontal, three-dimensional
As depth increases in the ocean, pressure _____.
increases
The tissues of a saltwater fish are _____ salty than the water around it.
less
The most complex organisms in the ocean, those that nurse their young are the _____.
marine mammals
The tissues of a freshwater fish are _____ salty than the water around it.
more
When you add CO2 to water [imagine respiration] it becomes _____.
more acidic
The process that drives the flow of water in or out of a fish's body across a semi-permeable membrane due to salt concentrations is called _____.
osmosis
Organizing animal life by _____ is perhaps the most common form of classification.
phyla
Which is more viscous?
salt water
The simplest organisms in the ocean, the first multicellular ones were the _____.
sponges
Which of the following is not an adaptation to reduce drag/friction in fish while swimming?
surface dimples [like golf balls]
Metabolic enzymes of cold-blooded [poikilotherms] organisms are adapted to the temperatures of the environment in which they live.
True
Metabolic enzymes of warm-blooded organisms are adapted to their body temperature.
True
True or False. The visual pigments in fishes' eyes vary to best respond to the wavelength of light where they live.
True
In classification of marine organisms, which phylum includes crabs and lobsters [and insects!]?
arthropoda
What intertidal organism resists turbulence by sticking to rocks with an extremely strong glue that it makes?
barnacles
Surface waters tend to be more _____ than deeper waters due to photosynthesis of phytoplankton [taking up CO2].
basic
In clear ocean water, light can penetrate to about _____ meters.
200
Seawater contains about _____% of the oxygen content of the land surface atmosphere.
3
There are about _____ species of fish that have been identified in the marine environment.
30,000
Salinity in the ocean is about _____ parts per _____.
32, thousand
The total weight of the atmosphere [atmospheric pressure] at the surface of the Earth is equivalent to what depth of water?
33 feet
The fastest fish can travel up to _____ miles per hour.
70
True or False. Considering basic physical characteristics, the air and water environments are practically identical.
False
True or False. Fish cannot survive in the total darkness of the deep sea.
False
True or False. For poikilothermic organisms [cold blooded] in the oceans, seawater temperature is a major environmental challenge.
False
True or False. No matter what the size of the organism in the sea, friction and viscosity of water have the same effect.
False
True or False. Oceanic oxygen minimum zones [0.5 ml O2 per liter water] are found all around the globe in regions with low surface productivity.
False
True or False. Temperature varies little with depth in the ocean.
False
True or False. Tuna, billfish and some sharks have body temperatures that are virtually the same as the water temperature around them.
False
True or False. Unlike the tropical rainforests, there are few if any new species to be described from the ocean since we know it so well.
False
In the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, fish are faced with extremely cold-water temperatures near freezing. Without migration, how do they adapt/respond to this challenge in order to keep active?
they produce antifreeze in their blood
Which is more viscous?
water
