Chapter 20

Which of the following statements regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response is true? -A primary response leads to higher levels of antibodies than does a secondary response. -A primary response occurs faster than a secondary response. -A primary response results when naive lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. -The antibodies produced in a primary response bind to antigens more efficiently than the antibodies produced in a secondary immune response.

-A primary response results when naive lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.

A class I MHC protein presents an antigen. What type of cell is likely presenting and to what type of cell would it be presented? -Any nucleated cell would be presented to a CD8 cell. -Any nucleated cell would be presented to a CD4 cell. -An antigen-presenting cell would be presented to a CD4 cell. -An antigen-presenting cell would be presented to a T helper cell.

-Any nucleated cell would be presented to a CD8 cell.

Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APC)? -T cells -memory cells -B cells -natural killer cells

-B cells

Discharge is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation. -True -False

-False

Haptens have immunogenicity but not reactivity. -True -False

-False

Which of the following are properly matched? -IgA: primary antibody during primary immune response -IgE: primary antibody of the secondary immune response -IgM: secreted in tears -IgG: most abundant antibody

-IgG: most abundant antibody

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the adaptive immune response? -It is specific. -It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material. -It has memory. -It is systemic.

-It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material.

Which of the following is/are the most specific internal defense against disease? -NK cells -inflammation -T cells -phagocytes

-T cells

What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does NOT receive a co-stimulatory signal? -The T cell releases interleukins. -The T cell is activated. -The T cell enters a state of anergy. -The T cell becomes a memory cell.

-The T cell enters a state of anergy.

Proliferation of lymphocytes occurs immediately after __________. -entering the circulation -activation -seeding of secondary lymphoid organs -release from the bone marrow

-activation

Adaptive defenses require us to use what molecules that can identify whether a cell is a self or nonself cell? -interferons -antibodies -complement proteins -antigens

-antibodies

Which of the following chemicals do NOT directly trigger inflammation? -histamines -antibodies -prostaglandins -kinins

-antibodies

Vaccines provide what type of immunity? -artificial passive -natural passive -artificial active -natural active

-artificial active

Activated CD8 cells become __________. -B cells -helper T cells -NK cells -cytotoxic T cells

-cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces for recognition? -dendritic cells -T lymphocytes -NK cells -plasma cells

-dendritic cells

Which of the following phases involves white blood cells leaving capillaries? -diapedesis -chemotaxis -leukocytosis -margination

-diapedesis

Which lymphocytes act as the bridge between the cellular and humoral responses? -B cells -helper T cells -regulatory T cells -cytotoxic T cells

-helper T cells

Which antimicrobial protein triggers inflammation? -histamine -complement -pyrogen -interferon

-histamine

Which of the following are NOT correctly matched? -severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells -AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): helper T cells are destroyed by a virus -immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis -multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder

-immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis

Plasma cell neoplasms are disorders in which abnormal plasma (myeloma) cells form tumors in bone or soft tissues. These altered cells may produce a large quantity of M protein, an immunoglobulin fragment with no protective qualities. What effect would M protein have upon blood? -increased viscosity -decreased albumin -decreased red blood cells -increased flow

-increased viscosity

Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens? -intact skin and mucous membranes -antimicrobial proteins -inflammation -complement

-intact skin and mucous membranes

Which cells secrete histamines that trigger inflammatory pathways? -NK cells -neutrophils -macrophages -mast cells

-mast cells

Which of the following is an effect of complement activation? -fever -opsonization -T cell activation -tissue repair

-opsonization

Binding of an eosinophil to an antibody-coated parasitic worm involves binding of the antibody's stem region to a(n) ______. -antigen-binding site on the eosinophil plasma membrane -plasma membrane protein on the eosinophil's surface -plasma membrane protein on the worm's surface -antigen-binding site on a worm cell's plasma membrane

-plasma membrane protein on the eosinophil's surface

Which type of chemical induces fever? -antibodies -interferon -complement -pyrogens

-pyrogens

What types of antigen do T cells NOT recognize? -processed fragments of protein antigens displayed on surfaces of body cells -self-antigens -cancer antigens -bacterial antigens

-self-antigens

Why are children given vaccinations? -in order to see whether the immune system is capable of defense against disease -in order to activate the cell-mediated defense against pathogens -so that they will develop antibodies against various diseases -so that they will develop a mild case of a disease in order to prevent a more serious case of the disease later on

-so that they will develop antibodies against various diseases

Which of the following is NOT a chemical barrier that helps prevent infections? -the pH of the blood -urine -mucus -tears

-the pH of the blood

Treatment of an abscess often requires that it be surgically drained because ______. -the wall of the abscess prevents proper blood flow into the pus -the wall of the abscess prevents proper elimination of wastes from the enclosed pus -the wall of the abscess prevents neutrophils from entering the pus and attacking the pathogens -the wall of the abscess prevents macrophages from differentiating into monocytes in the pus

-the wall of the abscess prevents neutrophils from entering the pus and attacking the pathogens

T cells achieve self-tolerance in the __________. -thymus -tonsils -lymph nodes -bone marrow

-thymus