Ex. 37
A pneumothorax occurs when the pleura is punctured, and air becomes trapped in the thoracic cavity, the resulting pressure collapses the lung. To restore the negative pressure, an incision through the chest wall is made to release the air.
Atelectasis is a collapsed lung. Explain how a pneumothorax might result in a collapsed lung and what should be done to restore the negative pressure of the pleural cavity.
Air flows out of the lungs Diaphragm and external intercostals relax Intrapulmonary pressure increases Thoracic cavity volume decreases
Expiration
hypercapnia
Higher than normal CO2 in the blood
Air flows into the lungs Diaphragm and external intercostals contract Intrapulmonary pressure decreases Thoracic cavity volume increases
Inspiration
dyspnea
Labored breathing is called
Vital capacity will decrease because the deformed ribcage limits the volume of air that can be inhaled.
Pectus excavatum is a condition in which the anterior thoracic cage is caved inward because of abnormal development of the sternum and ribs. What effect would you expect this condition to have on vital capacity, and why?
3.71 L
Predict the vital capacity of a 20-year-old 5'5" female who weighs 120 pounds using the equation below: VC = (0.041) H - (0.018) A - 2.69
Balloons inflate Volume inside bell jar increases Pressure inside bell jar decreases
Rubber diaphragm down
Balloons deflate Volume inside bell jar decreases Pressure inside bell jar increases
Rubber diaphragm up
bronchioles
Small air passages less than 1 mm are called
respiratory volumes
What does a spirometer measure?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is the mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs?
The presence of air in the pleural cavity.
Which of the following statements describes the conditions of a pneumothorax?
pneumothorax
is the presence of air in the pleural cavity, which inhibits breathing.
-capnia
means carbon dioxide in blood.
Total lung capacity (TLC)
the maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiration
Vital capacity (VC)
the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
Tidal volume (TV)
volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
Residual volume (RV)
volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a normal inspiration