Exam 1

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Granite batholith

A large intrusion of felsic magma would form a:

Is important because lighter continental rock allowed for the development of terrestrial life

A layered Earth:

A naturally occurring solid crystalline substance, generally inorganic, with a specific chemical composition.

A mineral is defined as:

It has covalent bonding in a 3 dimensional framework

Diamond is the hardest mineral on the Mosh Scale of Hardness because:

it used earthquake locations and depth trends to define subduction zones

Discovering the Benioff zone was important to the theory of plate tectonics because:

Formed in the mantle

Fine-textured igneous rocks are typically:

Evaporite mineral

Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is an example of a (n):

Where isochrons are wider and farther apart

How do geomagnetic isochrons on the ocean seafloor indicate where there is faster rate of spreading oat a mid-ocean spreading center:

Came up with plate subduction through the study of earthquake data

Hugo Benioff

Composed of denser magic rocks

Oceanic curst always sub ducts below continental crust because it is:

Lahars

Of the below, which would be the most lethal phenomena to surrounding human communities of an erupting stratovolcano like Mount St. Helens?

A name for a former supercontinent that was made up of all present continents

Pangea was?

A hard, framework silicate, with conchoidal (glass-like) fracture

Quartz is:

Sea floor rocks are all older than continental rocks

Supporting evidence for continental drift includes all the answers below EXCEPT:

Isolated tetrahedra silicate

The mineral olivine is a (n):

Explosiveness increases as the silica content of the lava increases

Which of the following statements about the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions is true?

Olivine and Calcium-rich feldspar

According to Bowen's Reaction Series, the first minerals to crystallize out of melt are:

Came up with Continental Drift

Alfred Wegner

Plutons, cinder cones, and dikes

All of the following are types of magmatic intrusions except:

Oceanic crust subducts beneath another oceanic plate and forms volcanic islands

An island arc is where:

Startovolcanoes

Andesitic lavas usually form which of the following landforms:

Plates come together and oceanic crust is recycled beak into the mantle.

At convergent margins:

Plates move apart and new lithosphere is created.

At divergent plate boundaries:

Plates slide horizontally past each other

At transform-fault boundaries

Shield volcanoes

Basaltic lavas usually form the following landforms:

it can break into flat surfaces in all three directions (rhomobohedrons)

Calcite has perfect mineral cleavage, which means:

8

Carbon-14 has (6) protons. Therefore, this carbon isotope has how many neutrons in its nucleus

They have cooled slowly.

Coarse-textured igneous rocks have large crystals because:

Came up with Plate motion on a sphere, identified transform faults

J. Tuzo Wilson

Fractional crystallization / Minerals selectively settling out of the liquid part of the magma / Crystallization through Bowen's Reaction Series

Magma differentiation may happen by:

Divergent margin

The Atlantic Mid-Ocean ridges is a type of:

From nucleosynthesis in former stars that have gone through a supernova event

The atoms that compose the heavier elements in the Earth were formed:

Continental crust has more felsic rock, which is less dense than the oceanic crust

The surface of continental crust is at higher elevation than oceanic crust because:

Basaltic

The type of lava that forms at the highest temperature is:

Basaltic

The type of lavas found at mid-ocean ridges and oceanic hotspots like Hawaii is:

Sea floor spreading from geomagnetics

Vine and Mathews

Felsic

Volcanic domes are associated with ______ magma.

Basaltic, because it has a lower viscosity than other lavas

What lava composition type would be more likely to flow a longer distance than other lavas?


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