Exam 1
Granite batholith
A large intrusion of felsic magma would form a:
Is important because lighter continental rock allowed for the development of terrestrial life
A layered Earth:
A naturally occurring solid crystalline substance, generally inorganic, with a specific chemical composition.
A mineral is defined as:
It has covalent bonding in a 3 dimensional framework
Diamond is the hardest mineral on the Mosh Scale of Hardness because:
it used earthquake locations and depth trends to define subduction zones
Discovering the Benioff zone was important to the theory of plate tectonics because:
Formed in the mantle
Fine-textured igneous rocks are typically:
Evaporite mineral
Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is an example of a (n):
Where isochrons are wider and farther apart
How do geomagnetic isochrons on the ocean seafloor indicate where there is faster rate of spreading oat a mid-ocean spreading center:
Came up with plate subduction through the study of earthquake data
Hugo Benioff
Composed of denser magic rocks
Oceanic curst always sub ducts below continental crust because it is:
Lahars
Of the below, which would be the most lethal phenomena to surrounding human communities of an erupting stratovolcano like Mount St. Helens?
A name for a former supercontinent that was made up of all present continents
Pangea was?
A hard, framework silicate, with conchoidal (glass-like) fracture
Quartz is:
Sea floor rocks are all older than continental rocks
Supporting evidence for continental drift includes all the answers below EXCEPT:
Isolated tetrahedra silicate
The mineral olivine is a (n):
Explosiveness increases as the silica content of the lava increases
Which of the following statements about the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions is true?
Olivine and Calcium-rich feldspar
According to Bowen's Reaction Series, the first minerals to crystallize out of melt are:
Came up with Continental Drift
Alfred Wegner
Plutons, cinder cones, and dikes
All of the following are types of magmatic intrusions except:
Oceanic crust subducts beneath another oceanic plate and forms volcanic islands
An island arc is where:
Startovolcanoes
Andesitic lavas usually form which of the following landforms:
Plates come together and oceanic crust is recycled beak into the mantle.
At convergent margins:
Plates move apart and new lithosphere is created.
At divergent plate boundaries:
Plates slide horizontally past each other
At transform-fault boundaries
Shield volcanoes
Basaltic lavas usually form the following landforms:
it can break into flat surfaces in all three directions (rhomobohedrons)
Calcite has perfect mineral cleavage, which means:
8
Carbon-14 has (6) protons. Therefore, this carbon isotope has how many neutrons in its nucleus
They have cooled slowly.
Coarse-textured igneous rocks have large crystals because:
Came up with Plate motion on a sphere, identified transform faults
J. Tuzo Wilson
Fractional crystallization / Minerals selectively settling out of the liquid part of the magma / Crystallization through Bowen's Reaction Series
Magma differentiation may happen by:
Divergent margin
The Atlantic Mid-Ocean ridges is a type of:
From nucleosynthesis in former stars that have gone through a supernova event
The atoms that compose the heavier elements in the Earth were formed:
Continental crust has more felsic rock, which is less dense than the oceanic crust
The surface of continental crust is at higher elevation than oceanic crust because:
Basaltic
The type of lava that forms at the highest temperature is:
Basaltic
The type of lavas found at mid-ocean ridges and oceanic hotspots like Hawaii is:
Sea floor spreading from geomagnetics
Vine and Mathews
Felsic
Volcanic domes are associated with ______ magma.
Basaltic, because it has a lower viscosity than other lavas
What lava composition type would be more likely to flow a longer distance than other lavas?
