Exam #1
Map data to be used from package to data in current databases
3rd step in the data modeling process with a packaged data model is:
Cardinality constraints
A ______specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity
Completeness
A _____constraint is a type of constraint that addresses whether an instance of a Supertype must also be an instance of at least one subtype
Disjointedness constraint
A ____address whether an instance of a Supertype may simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes
False
A business rule is a statement of how a policy is enforced or conducted
True
A business rule is a statement that defines or constrains some aspect of the business
True
A business rule should be internally consistent
Repository
A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, & other system components called:
Explain plan
A command used in oracle to display how the query optimizer intends to access indexes, use parallel servers and join tables to prepare query results is the:
True
A completeness constraint may specify that each entity of the Supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship
False
A constraint is a rule of database system that can be violated by users
Extent
A contiguous section of disk storage space is called
True
A data model is a graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data
Various operational data sources
A data warehouse derives its data from:
False
A default value is the value that a field will always assume regardless of what the user enters for an instance of that field
Data type
A detailed coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data is called:
Integrity constraints
A domain definition does not consist of
True
A fact is an association between two or more terms
Term
A fact is an association between two or more:
False
A file organization is a named portion of primary memory
Physical
A form of database specification that indicates all the parameters for data storage that are then input to database implementation
Universal data model
A generic or template data Model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project is called a:
True
A good data definition is always accompanied by diagrams, such as entity relationship diagram
Who can delete the data
A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object except:
Data profiling
A good method for identifying inconsistencies and finding a hidden meaning in the customized purchased data model is:
True
A hashing algorithm is a routine that converts a primary key value into a relative record number
False
A join index is a combination of two or more indexes
False
A key is a data structure used to determine the location of rows in a file that satisfy some condition
Repository
A knowledge base of information on facts about an enterprise is called a:
False
A member of a subtype does NOT necessarily have to be a member of the Supertype
Parallel query processing
A method that speeds query processing by running a query at the same time against several partitions of a table using multiprocessors is called
True
A modern database management system automates more of the backup and recovery tasks than a file system
True
A multivalued attribute may take on more than one value for a particular entity instance
An entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships
A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which:
Descriptor
A non key attribute is also called
True
A person is an example of an entity
Attribute
A persons name birthday and social security number are all examples of
True
A pointer is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or record of data
Composite key
A primary key that consists of more than attribute is called a:
Attribute
A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organization is called a(n):
True
A range control limits the set of permissible values that a field may assume
Well structured
A relation that contains minimal redundancy and allows easy use is considered to be:
Second normal form
A relation that contains no multivalued attributes solely dependent on the primary key but contains transitive dependencies is in which normal form
True
A relational database establishes the relationships between entities by means of a common field
Unary
A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called an _____relationship
False
A relationships instance is an association between entity instances where each relationship instance includes exactly one entity from each participating entity type
Mandatory one
A relationships where the min and max Cardinality are both one is a ______ relationship
Referential interfaith constraint
A rule that states each foreign key value must match a primary key value in the other relation
False
A simple attribute can be broken down into smaller pieces
Ternary
A simultaneous relationships among the instances of three entity types is called an ________ relationship
True
A single occurrence of an entity is called an entity instance
Many to many
A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each professor has 30 students. The relationships of students to professors is a ______relationship
True
A subtype can become a Supertype if the subtype has other subtypes beneath it
False
A subtype is a generic entity that has a relationships with one or more entities at a lower level
True
A table space is a named set of disk storage elements in which physical files for the database tables may be stored
False
A ternary relationship is equivalent to three binary relationships
True
A time stamp is a time value that is associated with a data value
True
A universal data model is a generic or template data model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project
False
A user view is how the user sees the data when it is produced
A logical description of some portion of the database
A user view is:
Time stamp
A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a:
False
A well structured database established the entities between relationships in order to derive the desired information
Server
A workgroups database is stored in a central device called:
Hashing algorithm
A(n) ___ is a routine that converts a primary key value into a relative record number
Pointer
A(n) ____ is a field of data used to located a related field of record
File organization
A(n) ____ is a technique for physically arranging the records of a file on secondary storage devices
Identifying relationship
A(n) _______ is a relationship between a weak entity type and its owner
False
Adding notations to the EER diagram regarding data volumes and usage is of no value to the physical design process
Efficiency
Advantage of partitioning
False
All projects move from the planning enterprise modeling step to the planning conceptual data modeling step of the systems development life cycle
True
Along with table scans, other elements of a query can be processed in parallel
Alias
Alternative name for an attribute
True
Although personal databases improve productivity, one risk is that data cannot be shared with other users
Foreign key
An attribute in a relation of a database that serves as the primary key of another relation in the same database is called:
Composite
An attribute that can be broken down into smaller parts is called a(n) _____attribute
Derived
An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called an ______attribute
Required attribute
An attribute that must have a value for every entity (or relationship) instance is a(n)
Composite identifier
An attribute that uniquely identifies an entity and consists of a composite attribute is called a:
Primary key
An attribute that uniquely identifies each row in a relation is called:
True
An attribute whose values can be calculated from related attribute values is called a derived attribute
False
An enterprise data model describes the scope of data for only one information system
True
An entity cluster can have a relationships with another entity cluster much the same way that an entity can have a relationships with another entity
A set of one or more entity types and associated relationships grouped into a single abstract entity type
An entity cluster is:
True
An entity cluster should focus on some area of interest to some community of users, developers or managers
True
An entity instance of a subtype represents the same entirety instance of the Supertype
True
An entity is a person place object event or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data
Associative entity
An entity that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes specific to the relationships is called an:
True
An entity type name should always be a singular noun
As short as possible
An entity type name should not be
False
An entity type on which a strong entity is dependent is called a covariant entity
Weak
An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a ____ entity
False
An example of a term would be the following sentence, "A student registers for a course."
False
An extent is a named portion of secondary memory allocated for the purpose of storing physical records
True
An extranet uses internet protocols to establish limited access to company data by the company's customers and suppliers
Join index
An index on columns from two or more tables that come from the same domain of values
False
An intranet utilizes web based technology to improve communication with parties outside of the organization
Data replication
Another form of demoralization where the same data are stored in multiple places in the database
True
Applications built with a multitude architecture are meant to support departments
Determinant
Attribute on the left hand side of the arrow in a functional dependency
Homonym
Attribute that may have more than one meaning
Define one vehicle entity type to hold all entities
Automobile VIN EngineSize NumberOfDoors
True
Because a purchased data model is extensive, you begin by identifying parts of the data model that apply to your data modeling situation
Managing employees
Business policies and rules don't govern
False
Business rules are formulated from a collection of business ramblings
Automated the design of databases and application programs
CASE is a class of tools that:
False
Characteristics of the structure of the database are generally changed during the implementation phase of be database development process
True
Clustering allows for adjacent secondary memory locations to contains rows from several tables
Data integrity
Component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated
Functional dependency
Constraint b/t two attributes is called..:
True
Cost and complexity are just two of the disadvantages of database processing
False
Creating a data model from a packaged data model requires much more skill than creating one from scratch
Entities
Customers cars and parts are examples of:
True
Data from prior systems is converted to the new system during the implementation phase of the system development life cycle
True
Data modeling is about documenting rules and policies of an organization that govern data
Data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components
Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because:
False
Data models of an existing database are harder for data modelers to read
False
Data names do not have to be unique
True
Data names should always relate to business characteristics
True
Data rather than processes are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems
False
Data redundancy is used to establish relationships between data but is never used to improve database performance
True
Data repository assigns database administrators in enforcing standards
Transaction volumes
Database access frequencies are estimated from:
True
Database architects establish standards for data in business units
Enterprise data modeling
Database development begins with _____, which establishes the range and general contents of organizational databases
False
Database development begins with the design of the database
False
Database development projects are never done in a bottom up fashion
True
Database maintenance is typically the longest step of the database development process
False
Database processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the systems development life cycle
False
Databases were developed as the first application of computers to data processing
True
Denormalization almost always leads to more storage space for raw data
False
Denormalization is the process of transforming relations with variable-length fields into those with fixed length fields
Descriptions
Designing physical files requires ______ of where and when data is used in various ways
True
Development starts from scratch with the traditional file processing approach because new file formats, descriptions, & file access logic must be designed for each new program
Extra space and update time
Disadvantage of partitioning
Horizontal partitioning
Distributing the vows of data into separate files
True
Each member of a workgroup accesses data located on a database server
True
Efficient database structures will be beneficial only if queries and the underlying database management system are turned to properly use the structures
True
End users can often retrieve and display data easily with a relational database
True
Enforcement of business rules can be automated through the use of software tools that can interpret the rules and enforce them
True
Enterprise modeling sets the range and general contents of organizations databases
True
Entity clustering is a methodology for grouping one or more entity types and associated relationships into a single abstract entity type
No primary key attribute can be null
Entity integrity rule states that:
True
Fast data retrieval is one factor to consider when choosing a file organization for a particular database file
Hash index table
File organization that uses hashing to map a key unit a location in an index where is a pointer to the actual data record matching the hash key
True
File processing systems have been replaced by database systems in most critical business applications today:
False
Free range partitioning is a type of horizontal partitioning in which each portion is defined by a range of values for one or more columns in the normalized table
Transitive dependency
Functional dependency between two or more monkey attributes
False
Generalization is a top down process
Supertype
Generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes
True
Hash partitioning spreads data evenly across partitions independent of any partition key value
False
Horizontal partitioning is very different from creating a super type/subtype relationship
When different categories of a table's rows are processed separately
Horizontal partitioning makes sense when:
False
Horizontal partitioning refers to the process of combining several small relations into a larger table
False
In 1998, ANSI/SPARC published an import document describing the 3 schema architecture
Only one supertype
In a Supertype/subtype hierarchy, each subtype has:
Supertype
In a Supertype/subtype hierarchy, subtypes that are lower in the hierarchy inherit attributes from not only their immediate Supertype but from all ____ in the hierarchy
True
In a sequential file, the records are stored in sequence according to primary key
True
In an ER diagram, a associative entity is represented by a rounded rectangle
False
In an ER diagram, strong entities are represented by double walked rectangles
Two
In an ER diagram, there are______ business rules for every relationship
Total specialization & overlap
In packaged data models, all subtype/Supertype relationships follow the _____ & ____ rules
M:N relationships
In packaged data models, the strong entities always have _____ between them
True
In practice, databases today may contain either data or information
True
In prototyping, implementation and maintenance activities are repeated as necessary until the product is correct
Create table
In the SQL language, the ____ statement is used to make table definitions
True
In the Supertype/subtype hierarchy, attributes are assigned as the highest logical level that is possible in the hierarchy
Efficient data processing
In the most cases, the goal of ____ dominates the design process
True
Information is processed data
Range control
Integrity control supported by a DBMS
True
It is desirable that no two attribute across all entity types have the same name
True
It is easier to share info across organizations if companies in the same industry use the same universal data model as the basis for their organizational databases
True
It is easy to miss the opportunity to visualize future requirements shown in the full data model when using a packaged data model
False
It is not permissible to associate attributes with relationships
True
Keeping the zip code with the city and state in a table is a typical form of denormalization
Selecting structures
Key decision in physical design process
User interface
Languages, menus, & other facilities by which users interact with the database are collectively called a:
True
Many of the disadvantages of file processing systems can also be limitations of databases
True
Mapping existing data to new data in a packaged data model is useful for developing migration plans
True
Metadata are data that describe the properties of other data
Clustering
Method to allow adjacent secondary memory space to contain rows from several tables is called
False
Most systems developers believe that data modeling is the least important part of the systems development process
True
Multi tier client/server database applications contain a business logic layer
All subtype/Supertype relationships follow the total specialization and disjoint rules & no entities on the many side of a relationships can be weak
NOT true of packaged data models
Inconsistent
Not a characteristic of a good business rule
Relates to a technical characteristics of the system
Not a good characteristic of a data name
Multivalued partitioning
Not a horizontal partitioning method in Oracle
Maximize storage space
Not a main goal of normalization
Processing logic
Not a property of metadata
Sample data can reverse database implementation errors
Not a reason to create an instance of a relational schema with sample data
Utilize all business rules that come with packaged data model
Not a step to use a packaged data model
Redundant data
Not an advantage of database systems
More one to one relationships give the data model more flexibility
Not an advantage of packaged data models
Boolean
Not valid in Oracle 11g
Degree
Number of entity types that participate in relationship is called the:
Improve data integrity
Objective of selecting a data type
Legacy
Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called______ systems
Decision support
One application of data warehouses is:
True
One decision in the physical design process is selecting structures
Secondary key
One field or combo of fields for which more than one record may have the same combo of values is called:
False
One method to handle missing values it to substitute an exact value
True
One objective of selecting a data type is to minimize storage space
True
One of the major challenges in data modeling is to recognize and clearly represent entities that are almost the same:
Prototyping
One of the most popular RAD methods
True
One of the rules of a database analyst is to identify and understand rules that govern data
True
One reason for improved application development productivity with the database approach is that file design and low level implementation details do not need to be handled by the application programmer
True
One reason to used an associate entity is if the associative entity have one or more attributes in addition to the identifier
False
Organizational commitment to a database project is not necessary for its success
False
Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend only 20% of development time on maintenance e
80%
Organizations that utilize the fuel processing approach spend as much as _____ of their IS development budget on maintenance
Design
Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ____phase
True
Packaged data models are flexible as possible because all Supertype/subtype relationships allow the total specialization and overlap rules
True
Packaged data models are meant to be customized
True
Packaged data models can be developed using proven components
False
Packaged data models case projects to take more time to build
False
Packaged data models use an entity type to store Union data
Require customization
Packaged data models:
False
Parallels query processing speed is not significantly different from running queries in a non parallel mode
True
Participation in a relationship may be optional or mandatory
Vertical partitioning
Partitioning describes the Columns of a table into several separate physical record
False
Personal databases are designed to support a small group of individuals working together on a project
Enterprise key
Primary key whose value is unique across all relations
File descriptors being stored in each application
Program data dependence is caused by:
True
Prototyping is a type of rapid application development
False
Reduced program maintenance is an advantage of file processing systems
False
Reduced uptime is a disadvantage of partitioning
True
Redundancy increases the rush of inconsistent data
True
Relationships represent action being taken using a verb phase
False
Repositories are always used in file processing systems
True
Requirements for response time, data security, backup and recovery are all requirements for physical design
Constraint
Rule that cannot be violated by database users is called:
False
SOX stands for the Sorbet-Oxford act
True
Security is one advantage of partitioning
True
Sensitivity teaching involves ignoring missing data unless knowing a value might be significantly change results
Checking to see if missing data will greatly impact results
Sensitivity testing involves:
True
Separation of metadata from application programs that use the data is called data independence
Field
Smallest unit of application data recognized by system software
False
Smallest unit of named application data is a record
False
Some examples of attributes are: eye_color, weight, student_id, student
True
Specialization is the reverse of generalization
False
Subtypes at the lowest level of a hierarchy do no inherit attributes from their ancestors
There are attributes that apply to some but not all instances of an entity type
Subtypes should be used when:
False
Supertype/subtype relationships should be used when he instances of a subtype participate in no relationships which are unique to that subtype
False
Systems analysts work directly with both management and users to analyze the business situation and develop detailed project specifications
False
The Cardinality constraints tells what kind of properties are associated with an entity
True
The ER model is used to construct a conceptual model
Implementation
The SDLC phase in which database processing programs are created is the _____ phase
Analysis
The SDLC phase in which every data attribute is defined, every category of data is listed and every business relationship. Between data entities is called the ____ phase
Analysis
The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the _____ phase
Disjoint
The ____ rule specifies that an entity can be a member of only one subtype at a time
Total specialization
The ______specifies that each entity instance of the Supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship
Partial specialization
The ____rule specifies that an entity. Instance of a Supertype is allowed not to belong to any subtyoe
Overlap
The ____rule states that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes
Entity integrity rule
The ____states that no primary key attribute may be null
False
The conceptual schema is always technology specific
False
The data you are interest in capturing about an entity is called an instance
False
The degree of a relationships is the number of attributes that are associated with it
False
The disjoint rule specifies that if an entity instance of the Supertype is a member of one subtype, it MUST simultaneously be a member of another subtype
True
The enterprise resource planning system integrates all functions of the enterprise
True
The external schema contains a subset of the conceptual schema relevant to particular groups of users
True
The failure to implement a strong database administrative function is the most common source of database failures in organizations
False
The inter of a business rule is a break down business structure
False
The internal schema consists of the physical schema and the enterprise data model
False
The logical database design always forms the best foundation for grouping attributes in the physical design
Entity model relationship
The logical representation of an organizations data is called a(n):
False
The max criminality of a relationship is the max number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A
Failure to implement a strong database administration function
The most common source of database failures in organizations is:
True
The most common way to supports group of individuals who work together on a project or group of similar projects is with a two tier client/server database
Determining the business rules that will be established through the data model
The most important challenge of customizing a purchased data model is:
False
The name used for an entity type should never be the same in other ER diagrams on which the entity appears
Organizational conflict
The need for consensus on data definitions is an example of which type of risk in the database environment
Fourth normal form
The normal form which deals with multivalued dependencies
Boyce Codd normal form
The normal form which removes any remaining functional dependencies because there was more than one primary key for the same non keys is called:
True
The overlap rule specifies that if an entity instance of the Supertype is a member of one subtype, it can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes
1960s
The period that can be considered a "proof of concept" time was the:
True
The physical schema contains the specifications for how data from a conceptual schema are stored In a computer's secondary memory
False
The physical structure and storage organization of the database is decided upon during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle
Generalization
The process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types is called:
Specialization
The process of defining one or more subtypes of a Supertype and forming relationships is called:
Attribute inheritance
The property by which subtype entities posses the values of all attributes of a Supertype is called:
False
The purpose of data modeling is to document business rules about processes
False
The query processor always knows the best way to process a query
False
The relational model is no longer popular in the 21st century
False
The relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a unwary relationship
True
The relationship between a weak entity type and its owner is an identifying relationship
True
The relationships between the instances of two entity types is called a binary relationships
True
The repository is populated during the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle
False
The scope of an enterprise application is one workgroup or department
False
The steps of the systems development life cycle can only be viewed as a linear process
Data integrity
The storage format for each attribute from the logical data model is chosen to maximize ____ & minimize storage space
Overlap rule
The subtype discriminator is a composite attribute when there is a(n):
True
The systems development life cycle is the traditional methodology used to develop maintain and replace info systems
False
The term legacy system refers to a newly installed database management system
Internal
The three scheme approach includes which schema
Derived
The total quiz points for a student for n entire semester is an ____attribute
False
The total specialization rule states that an entity instance of a Supertype is allowed not to belong to any subtype
False
The two tier database architectures, tittle functionality needs to be programmed into the client application
True
The user interface includes language me he's and other facilities by which users interact with various system components
Default value
The value a field will assume unless the user enters an explicit value for an instance of that field
Teue
The warehouse contains summarized and historical information
Structured query language
Tool even non programmers can use to access information from a database
Relation
Two dimensional table of data is called
You must be able to check the output of a CASE tool
Understanding the steps involved in transforming EER diagrams into relations is important because
True
Unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception in file processing systems
Essential components and structures are already defined
Using a packaged data model, projects take less time and cost because:
True
Vertical partitioning means distributing the columns of a table into several separate physical records
False
Visual programming tools such as Visual Basic have made prototyping more difficult
One to many relationship
What is not a common demoralization opportunity?
Unstructured and unpredictable use of data
What will interfere with access to operational databases
Create two new relations one containing the multivalued attribute
When a regular entity type contains a multivalued attribute one must
First normal form
When all multivalued attributes have been removed from a relation
True
When choosing an identifier, choose one that will not change its value often
Entities
When identifying with the parts of the packaged data model that apply to your organization, you should first start with
False
When subtypes are overlapping, an additional field must be added to the Supertype to act as a discriminator
False
When systems are automatically generated and maintained quality is diminished
False
When the total specialization rule is set for to Supertype/subtype relationship, one could roughy compare the Supertype to an abstract class in object oriented programming
Physical data model
Which data model would a code table appear
Total specialization
Which of the following is a completeness constraint:
Data warehouse
Which of the following is an integrated decision support database with content derived from various operational databases
Sequential
Which type of file is easiest to update
Hashed
Which type of file is multiple key retrieval not possible?
True
While business rules are not redundant, a business rule can refer to another business rule
Operating system
While oracle has responsibility for managing data inside a table space, the table space as a whole is managed by:
Repository
With the database approach, data descriptions are stored in a central location known as:
False
With the traditional role processing approach, each application shares data files thus enabling much data sharing
Tablespace
Within oracle, the named set of storage elements in which physical files for database tables may be stored
False
You will never need to map data in current databases to data in a packaged data model
Database analyst
_____concentrate on determining the requirements for the database component of an information system
Systems analyst
____analyze the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business
False
adapting a packaged data model from your DBMS vendor makes it difficult for the application to work with other applications from the same vendor