Exam #1

Map data to be used from package to data in current databases

3rd step in the data modeling process with a packaged data model is:

Cardinality constraints

A ______specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity

Completeness

A _____constraint is a type of constraint that addresses whether an instance of a Supertype must also be an instance of at least one subtype

Disjointedness constraint

A ____address whether an instance of a Supertype may simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes

False

A business rule is a statement of how a policy is enforced or conducted

True

A business rule is a statement that defines or constrains some aspect of the business

True

A business rule should be internally consistent

Repository

A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, & other system components called:

Explain plan

A command used in oracle to display how the query optimizer intends to access indexes, use parallel servers and join tables to prepare query results is the:

True

A completeness constraint may specify that each entity of the Supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship

False

A constraint is a rule of database system that can be violated by users

Extent

A contiguous section of disk storage space is called

True

A data model is a graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data

Various operational data sources

A data warehouse derives its data from:

False

A default value is the value that a field will always assume regardless of what the user enters for an instance of that field

Data type

A detailed coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data is called:

Integrity constraints

A domain definition does not consist of

True

A fact is an association between two or more terms

Term

A fact is an association between two or more:

False

A file organization is a named portion of primary memory

Physical

A form of database specification that indicates all the parameters for data storage that are then input to database implementation

Universal data model

A generic or template data Model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project is called a:

True

A good data definition is always accompanied by diagrams, such as entity relationship diagram

Who can delete the data

A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object except:

Data profiling

A good method for identifying inconsistencies and finding a hidden meaning in the customized purchased data model is:

True

A hashing algorithm is a routine that converts a primary key value into a relative record number

False

A join index is a combination of two or more indexes

False

A key is a data structure used to determine the location of rows in a file that satisfy some condition

Repository

A knowledge base of information on facts about an enterprise is called a:

False

A member of a subtype does NOT necessarily have to be a member of the Supertype

Parallel query processing

A method that speeds query processing by running a query at the same time against several partitions of a table using multiprocessors is called

True

A modern database management system automates more of the backup and recovery tasks than a file system

True

A multivalued attribute may take on more than one value for a particular entity instance

An entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships

A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which:

Descriptor

A non key attribute is also called

True

A person is an example of an entity

Attribute

A persons name birthday and social security number are all examples of

True

A pointer is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or record of data

Composite key

A primary key that consists of more than attribute is called a:

Attribute

A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organization is called a(n):

True

A range control limits the set of permissible values that a field may assume

Well structured

A relation that contains minimal redundancy and allows easy use is considered to be:

Second normal form

A relation that contains no multivalued attributes solely dependent on the primary key but contains transitive dependencies is in which normal form

True

A relational database establishes the relationships between entities by means of a common field

Unary

A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called an _____relationship

False

A relationships instance is an association between entity instances where each relationship instance includes exactly one entity from each participating entity type

Mandatory one

A relationships where the min and max Cardinality are both one is a ______ relationship

Referential interfaith constraint

A rule that states each foreign key value must match a primary key value in the other relation

False

A simple attribute can be broken down into smaller pieces

Ternary

A simultaneous relationships among the instances of three entity types is called an ________ relationship

True

A single occurrence of an entity is called an entity instance

Many to many

A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each professor has 30 students. The relationships of students to professors is a ______relationship

True

A subtype can become a Supertype if the subtype has other subtypes beneath it

False

A subtype is a generic entity that has a relationships with one or more entities at a lower level

True

A table space is a named set of disk storage elements in which physical files for the database tables may be stored

False

A ternary relationship is equivalent to three binary relationships

True

A time stamp is a time value that is associated with a data value

True

A universal data model is a generic or template data model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project

False

A user view is how the user sees the data when it is produced

A logical description of some portion of the database

A user view is:

Time stamp

A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a:

False

A well structured database established the entities between relationships in order to derive the desired information

Server

A workgroups database is stored in a central device called:

Hashing algorithm

A(n) ___ is a routine that converts a primary key value into a relative record number

Pointer

A(n) ____ is a field of data used to located a related field of record

File organization

A(n) ____ is a technique for physically arranging the records of a file on secondary storage devices

Identifying relationship

A(n) _______ is a relationship between a weak entity type and its owner

False

Adding notations to the EER diagram regarding data volumes and usage is of no value to the physical design process

Efficiency

Advantage of partitioning

False

All projects move from the planning enterprise modeling step to the planning conceptual data modeling step of the systems development life cycle

True

Along with table scans, other elements of a query can be processed in parallel

Alias

Alternative name for an attribute

True

Although personal databases improve productivity, one risk is that data cannot be shared with other users

Foreign key

An attribute in a relation of a database that serves as the primary key of another relation in the same database is called:

Composite

An attribute that can be broken down into smaller parts is called a(n) _____attribute

Derived

An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called an ______attribute

Required attribute

An attribute that must have a value for every entity (or relationship) instance is a(n)

Composite identifier

An attribute that uniquely identifies an entity and consists of a composite attribute is called a:

Primary key

An attribute that uniquely identifies each row in a relation is called:

True

An attribute whose values can be calculated from related attribute values is called a derived attribute

False

An enterprise data model describes the scope of data for only one information system

True

An entity cluster can have a relationships with another entity cluster much the same way that an entity can have a relationships with another entity

A set of one or more entity types and associated relationships grouped into a single abstract entity type

An entity cluster is:

True

An entity cluster should focus on some area of interest to some community of users, developers or managers

True

An entity instance of a subtype represents the same entirety instance of the Supertype

True

An entity is a person place object event or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data

Associative entity

An entity that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes specific to the relationships is called an:

True

An entity type name should always be a singular noun

As short as possible

An entity type name should not be

False

An entity type on which a strong entity is dependent is called a covariant entity

Weak

An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a ____ entity

False

An example of a term would be the following sentence, "A student registers for a course."

False

An extent is a named portion of secondary memory allocated for the purpose of storing physical records

True

An extranet uses internet protocols to establish limited access to company data by the company's customers and suppliers

Join index

An index on columns from two or more tables that come from the same domain of values

False

An intranet utilizes web based technology to improve communication with parties outside of the organization

Data replication

Another form of demoralization where the same data are stored in multiple places in the database

True

Applications built with a multitude architecture are meant to support departments

Determinant

Attribute on the left hand side of the arrow in a functional dependency

Homonym

Attribute that may have more than one meaning

Define one vehicle entity type to hold all entities

Automobile VIN EngineSize NumberOfDoors

True

Because a purchased data model is extensive, you begin by identifying parts of the data model that apply to your data modeling situation

Managing employees

Business policies and rules don't govern

False

Business rules are formulated from a collection of business ramblings

Automated the design of databases and application programs

CASE is a class of tools that:

False

Characteristics of the structure of the database are generally changed during the implementation phase of be database development process

True

Clustering allows for adjacent secondary memory locations to contains rows from several tables

Data integrity

Component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated

Functional dependency

Constraint b/t two attributes is called..:

True

Cost and complexity are just two of the disadvantages of database processing

False

Creating a data model from a packaged data model requires much more skill than creating one from scratch

Entities

Customers cars and parts are examples of:

True

Data from prior systems is converted to the new system during the implementation phase of the system development life cycle

True

Data modeling is about documenting rules and policies of an organization that govern data

Data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components

Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because:

False

Data models of an existing database are harder for data modelers to read

False

Data names do not have to be unique

True

Data names should always relate to business characteristics

True

Data rather than processes are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems

False

Data redundancy is used to establish relationships between data but is never used to improve database performance

True

Data repository assigns database administrators in enforcing standards

Transaction volumes

Database access frequencies are estimated from:

True

Database architects establish standards for data in business units

Enterprise data modeling

Database development begins with _____, which establishes the range and general contents of organizational databases

False

Database development begins with the design of the database

False

Database development projects are never done in a bottom up fashion

True

Database maintenance is typically the longest step of the database development process

False

Database processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the systems development life cycle

False

Databases were developed as the first application of computers to data processing

True

Denormalization almost always leads to more storage space for raw data

False

Denormalization is the process of transforming relations with variable-length fields into those with fixed length fields

Descriptions

Designing physical files requires ______ of where and when data is used in various ways

True

Development starts from scratch with the traditional file processing approach because new file formats, descriptions, & file access logic must be designed for each new program

Extra space and update time

Disadvantage of partitioning

Horizontal partitioning

Distributing the vows of data into separate files

True

Each member of a workgroup accesses data located on a database server

True

Efficient database structures will be beneficial only if queries and the underlying database management system are turned to properly use the structures

True

End users can often retrieve and display data easily with a relational database

True

Enforcement of business rules can be automated through the use of software tools that can interpret the rules and enforce them

True

Enterprise modeling sets the range and general contents of organizations databases

True

Entity clustering is a methodology for grouping one or more entity types and associated relationships into a single abstract entity type

No primary key attribute can be null

Entity integrity rule states that:

True

Fast data retrieval is one factor to consider when choosing a file organization for a particular database file

Hash index table

File organization that uses hashing to map a key unit a location in an index where is a pointer to the actual data record matching the hash key

True

File processing systems have been replaced by database systems in most critical business applications today:

False

Free range partitioning is a type of horizontal partitioning in which each portion is defined by a range of values for one or more columns in the normalized table

Transitive dependency

Functional dependency between two or more monkey attributes

False

Generalization is a top down process

Supertype

Generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes

True

Hash partitioning spreads data evenly across partitions independent of any partition key value

False

Horizontal partitioning is very different from creating a super type/subtype relationship

When different categories of a table's rows are processed separately

Horizontal partitioning makes sense when:

False

Horizontal partitioning refers to the process of combining several small relations into a larger table

False

In 1998, ANSI/SPARC published an import document describing the 3 schema architecture

Only one supertype

In a Supertype/subtype hierarchy, each subtype has:

Supertype

In a Supertype/subtype hierarchy, subtypes that are lower in the hierarchy inherit attributes from not only their immediate Supertype but from all ____ in the hierarchy

True

In a sequential file, the records are stored in sequence according to primary key

True

In an ER diagram, a associative entity is represented by a rounded rectangle

False

In an ER diagram, strong entities are represented by double walked rectangles

Two

In an ER diagram, there are______ business rules for every relationship

Total specialization & overlap

In packaged data models, all subtype/Supertype relationships follow the _____ & ____ rules

M:N relationships

In packaged data models, the strong entities always have _____ between them

True

In practice, databases today may contain either data or information

True

In prototyping, implementation and maintenance activities are repeated as necessary until the product is correct

Create table

In the SQL language, the ____ statement is used to make table definitions

True

In the Supertype/subtype hierarchy, attributes are assigned as the highest logical level that is possible in the hierarchy

Efficient data processing

In the most cases, the goal of ____ dominates the design process

True

Information is processed data

Range control

Integrity control supported by a DBMS

True

It is desirable that no two attribute across all entity types have the same name

True

It is easier to share info across organizations if companies in the same industry use the same universal data model as the basis for their organizational databases

True

It is easy to miss the opportunity to visualize future requirements shown in the full data model when using a packaged data model

False

It is not permissible to associate attributes with relationships

True

Keeping the zip code with the city and state in a table is a typical form of denormalization

Selecting structures

Key decision in physical design process

User interface

Languages, menus, & other facilities by which users interact with the database are collectively called a:

True

Many of the disadvantages of file processing systems can also be limitations of databases

True

Mapping existing data to new data in a packaged data model is useful for developing migration plans

True

Metadata are data that describe the properties of other data

Clustering

Method to allow adjacent secondary memory space to contain rows from several tables is called

False

Most systems developers believe that data modeling is the least important part of the systems development process

True

Multi tier client/server database applications contain a business logic layer

All subtype/Supertype relationships follow the total specialization and disjoint rules & no entities on the many side of a relationships can be weak

NOT true of packaged data models

Inconsistent

Not a characteristic of a good business rule

Relates to a technical characteristics of the system

Not a good characteristic of a data name

Multivalued partitioning

Not a horizontal partitioning method in Oracle

Maximize storage space

Not a main goal of normalization

Processing logic

Not a property of metadata

Sample data can reverse database implementation errors

Not a reason to create an instance of a relational schema with sample data

Utilize all business rules that come with packaged data model

Not a step to use a packaged data model

Redundant data

Not an advantage of database systems

More one to one relationships give the data model more flexibility

Not an advantage of packaged data models

Boolean

Not valid in Oracle 11g

Degree

Number of entity types that participate in relationship is called the:

Improve data integrity

Objective of selecting a data type

Legacy

Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called______ systems

Decision support

One application of data warehouses is:

True

One decision in the physical design process is selecting structures

Secondary key

One field or combo of fields for which more than one record may have the same combo of values is called:

False

One method to handle missing values it to substitute an exact value

True

One objective of selecting a data type is to minimize storage space

True

One of the major challenges in data modeling is to recognize and clearly represent entities that are almost the same:

Prototyping

One of the most popular RAD methods

True

One of the rules of a database analyst is to identify and understand rules that govern data

True

One reason for improved application development productivity with the database approach is that file design and low level implementation details do not need to be handled by the application programmer

True

One reason to used an associate entity is if the associative entity have one or more attributes in addition to the identifier

False

Organizational commitment to a database project is not necessary for its success

False

Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend only 20% of development time on maintenance e

80%

Organizations that utilize the fuel processing approach spend as much as _____ of their IS development budget on maintenance

Design

Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ____phase

True

Packaged data models are flexible as possible because all Supertype/subtype relationships allow the total specialization and overlap rules

True

Packaged data models are meant to be customized

True

Packaged data models can be developed using proven components

False

Packaged data models case projects to take more time to build

False

Packaged data models use an entity type to store Union data

Require customization

Packaged data models:

False

Parallels query processing speed is not significantly different from running queries in a non parallel mode

True

Participation in a relationship may be optional or mandatory

Vertical partitioning

Partitioning describes the Columns of a table into several separate physical record

False

Personal databases are designed to support a small group of individuals working together on a project

Enterprise key

Primary key whose value is unique across all relations

File descriptors being stored in each application

Program data dependence is caused by:

True

Prototyping is a type of rapid application development

False

Reduced program maintenance is an advantage of file processing systems

False

Reduced uptime is a disadvantage of partitioning

True

Redundancy increases the rush of inconsistent data

True

Relationships represent action being taken using a verb phase

False

Repositories are always used in file processing systems

True

Requirements for response time, data security, backup and recovery are all requirements for physical design

Constraint

Rule that cannot be violated by database users is called:

False

SOX stands for the Sorbet-Oxford act

True

Security is one advantage of partitioning

True

Sensitivity teaching involves ignoring missing data unless knowing a value might be significantly change results

Checking to see if missing data will greatly impact results

Sensitivity testing involves:

True

Separation of metadata from application programs that use the data is called data independence

Field

Smallest unit of application data recognized by system software

False

Smallest unit of named application data is a record

False

Some examples of attributes are: eye_color, weight, student_id, student

True

Specialization is the reverse of generalization

False

Subtypes at the lowest level of a hierarchy do no inherit attributes from their ancestors

There are attributes that apply to some but not all instances of an entity type

Subtypes should be used when:

False

Supertype/subtype relationships should be used when he instances of a subtype participate in no relationships which are unique to that subtype

False

Systems analysts work directly with both management and users to analyze the business situation and develop detailed project specifications

False

The Cardinality constraints tells what kind of properties are associated with an entity

True

The ER model is used to construct a conceptual model

Implementation

The SDLC phase in which database processing programs are created is the _____ phase

Analysis

The SDLC phase in which every data attribute is defined, every category of data is listed and every business relationship. Between data entities is called the ____ phase

Analysis

The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the _____ phase

Disjoint

The ____ rule specifies that an entity can be a member of only one subtype at a time

Total specialization

The ______specifies that each entity instance of the Supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship

Partial specialization

The ____rule specifies that an entity. Instance of a Supertype is allowed not to belong to any subtyoe

Overlap

The ____rule states that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes

Entity integrity rule

The ____states that no primary key attribute may be null

False

The conceptual schema is always technology specific

False

The data you are interest in capturing about an entity is called an instance

False

The degree of a relationships is the number of attributes that are associated with it

False

The disjoint rule specifies that if an entity instance of the Supertype is a member of one subtype, it MUST simultaneously be a member of another subtype

True

The enterprise resource planning system integrates all functions of the enterprise

True

The external schema contains a subset of the conceptual schema relevant to particular groups of users

True

The failure to implement a strong database administrative function is the most common source of database failures in organizations

False

The inter of a business rule is a break down business structure

False

The internal schema consists of the physical schema and the enterprise data model

False

The logical database design always forms the best foundation for grouping attributes in the physical design

Entity model relationship

The logical representation of an organizations data is called a(n):

False

The max criminality of a relationship is the max number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A

Failure to implement a strong database administration function

The most common source of database failures in organizations is:

True

The most common way to supports group of individuals who work together on a project or group of similar projects is with a two tier client/server database

Determining the business rules that will be established through the data model

The most important challenge of customizing a purchased data model is:

False

The name used for an entity type should never be the same in other ER diagrams on which the entity appears

Organizational conflict

The need for consensus on data definitions is an example of which type of risk in the database environment

Fourth normal form

The normal form which deals with multivalued dependencies

Boyce Codd normal form

The normal form which removes any remaining functional dependencies because there was more than one primary key for the same non keys is called:

True

The overlap rule specifies that if an entity instance of the Supertype is a member of one subtype, it can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes

1960s

The period that can be considered a "proof of concept" time was the:

True

The physical schema contains the specifications for how data from a conceptual schema are stored In a computer's secondary memory

False

The physical structure and storage organization of the database is decided upon during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle

Generalization

The process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types is called:

Specialization

The process of defining one or more subtypes of a Supertype and forming relationships is called:

Attribute inheritance

The property by which subtype entities posses the values of all attributes of a Supertype is called:

False

The purpose of data modeling is to document business rules about processes

False

The query processor always knows the best way to process a query

False

The relational model is no longer popular in the 21st century

False

The relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a unwary relationship

True

The relationship between a weak entity type and its owner is an identifying relationship

True

The relationships between the instances of two entity types is called a binary relationships

True

The repository is populated during the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle

False

The scope of an enterprise application is one workgroup or department

False

The steps of the systems development life cycle can only be viewed as a linear process

Data integrity

The storage format for each attribute from the logical data model is chosen to maximize ____ & minimize storage space

Overlap rule

The subtype discriminator is a composite attribute when there is a(n):

True

The systems development life cycle is the traditional methodology used to develop maintain and replace info systems

False

The term legacy system refers to a newly installed database management system

Internal

The three scheme approach includes which schema

Derived

The total quiz points for a student for n entire semester is an ____attribute

False

The total specialization rule states that an entity instance of a Supertype is allowed not to belong to any subtype

False

The two tier database architectures, tittle functionality needs to be programmed into the client application

True

The user interface includes language me he's and other facilities by which users interact with various system components

Default value

The value a field will assume unless the user enters an explicit value for an instance of that field

Teue

The warehouse contains summarized and historical information

Structured query language

Tool even non programmers can use to access information from a database

Relation

Two dimensional table of data is called

You must be able to check the output of a CASE tool

Understanding the steps involved in transforming EER diagrams into relations is important because

True

Unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception in file processing systems

Essential components and structures are already defined

Using a packaged data model, projects take less time and cost because:

True

Vertical partitioning means distributing the columns of a table into several separate physical records

False

Visual programming tools such as Visual Basic have made prototyping more difficult

One to many relationship

What is not a common demoralization opportunity?

Unstructured and unpredictable use of data

What will interfere with access to operational databases

Create two new relations one containing the multivalued attribute

When a regular entity type contains a multivalued attribute one must

First normal form

When all multivalued attributes have been removed from a relation

True

When choosing an identifier, choose one that will not change its value often

Entities

When identifying with the parts of the packaged data model that apply to your organization, you should first start with

False

When subtypes are overlapping, an additional field must be added to the Supertype to act as a discriminator

False

When systems are automatically generated and maintained quality is diminished

False

When the total specialization rule is set for to Supertype/subtype relationship, one could roughy compare the Supertype to an abstract class in object oriented programming

Physical data model

Which data model would a code table appear

Total specialization

Which of the following is a completeness constraint:

Data warehouse

Which of the following is an integrated decision support database with content derived from various operational databases

Sequential

Which type of file is easiest to update

Hashed

Which type of file is multiple key retrieval not possible?

True

While business rules are not redundant, a business rule can refer to another business rule

Operating system

While oracle has responsibility for managing data inside a table space, the table space as a whole is managed by:

Repository

With the database approach, data descriptions are stored in a central location known as:

False

With the traditional role processing approach, each application shares data files thus enabling much data sharing

Tablespace

Within oracle, the named set of storage elements in which physical files for database tables may be stored

False

You will never need to map data in current databases to data in a packaged data model

Database analyst

_____concentrate on determining the requirements for the database component of an information system

Systems analyst

____analyze the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business

False

adapting a packaged data model from your DBMS vendor makes it difficult for the application to work with other applications from the same vendor