Exam 1

The smallest object the human eye can see is:

0.1 mm

Bacteria range in size from:

0.5-10 µm

The smallest object one can see with a light microscope is:

1 µm

How many equal divisions would you need to make along a meter stick if one division is equal to a micrometer?

1,000,000

The range in size of viruses is:

20-210 nm

All life forms require energy. Although the source of energy can vary, it must be converted to a form which can be used to carry out chemical reactions within a cell. This cellular form of energy is:

ATP

The father of microbiology was:

Anton von Leuwenhook

The instruction booklet for maintaining and reproducing a life form is written in the form of:

DNA

All life forms have structures and mechanisms for moving in their environment. If a life form is not motile, it will not survive.

False

An electron microscope allows you to see bacteria and eukaryotes, but it is not powerful enough to allow you to see viruses.

False

By using scientific method, an explanation may eventually become accepted as Truth or Proven. At this stage, an explanation becomes a Belief.

False

Cells can be prokaryote or eukaryote. Structurally, these two cell types are identical, but functionally they carry out different cellular activities.

False

The field of microbiology grew out of humankinds' interest in the commercial application of microbial fermentation pathways.

False

The physician who is credited with developing aseptic technique (e.g., handwashing between patients) was:

Ignac Semmelweis

Who developed the idea that microbes cause disease in humans?

Louis Pasteur

Who formulated the steps one must take to show that a particular microbe is the cause of a particular disease?

Robert Koch

Which of the following is a properly written scientific name?

Serratia marsescens(Underlined or italicized)

A light microscope will allow you to see protozoans, algae, fungi and helminth eggs and larvae.

True

All life forms have the ability to reproduce.

True

All life forms living in an oxygenated environment are at risk for cellular damage due to toxic forms of oxygen. Thus, these organisms must produce enzymes which can detoxify the cell.

True

Besides microscopy, another method for amplifying the characteristics of microbes is to grow out visibly large quantities of a species, and look for physiological responses to various stimuli.

True

Life forms on Earth (and scientists think that this is true for extraterrestrial life forms) are restricted to regions in the Universe which have the physical characteristics which would allow for the chemical reactions needed for life to form and sustain itself. Thus, life forms are restricted to a habitable zone within the Milky Way Galaxy and within the solar system

True

Many of the challenges to evolution as the mechanism for origin of life and speciation are based on the statistical improbability that evolution could be responsible for some of the major events in the development of life

True

Scientific method is an approach to understanding the physical world. The first step is to propose an explanation for something we observe in nature. Next, we make further observations and perform experiments to determine if the explanation is a good one. Along the way, the explanation may be rejected, modified or gain support.

True

Scientific method provides knowledge which can be used to make predictions about future events.

True

So that a species might survive a catastrophic event, life forms have mechanisms for diversifying their genetic makeup. This increases the chance that a sub-group will survive.

True

The smallest unit of life is:

a cell

The time frame between the formation of planet Earth and the first life forms appears to be too short to have been accomplished through an evolutionary mechanism. Evolutionary biologists responded with the Panspermia theory. This theory suggests that:

biological molecules may have existed in space or on other planets and were then transported to Earth

What is the level of classification which follows Kingdom?

division

study of the inter-relationships between microbes and other life forms and their environment

ecology

Sources of energy for making ATP may be:

energy from chemical bonds and photons from the sun

Activities which are necessary for survival of a life form are carried out by:

enzymes(a type of protein)

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Contains an 80S ribosome along the endoplasmic reticulum

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes and photopigments for performing photosynthesis are found in the chloroplast

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes for degrading worn-out organelles and killing infectious agents are found in the lysosome.

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes for producing ATP are found in the mitochondria

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: It has a single circular chromosome and 70S ribosomes in an organelle called the chloroplast

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: It has a single circular chromosome and 70S ribosomes in an organelle called the mitochondria

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: It has multiple linear chromosomes in a nucleus

eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Protein synthesis is performed along a rough endoplasmic reticulum and the proteins are packaged for delivery by a golgi apparatus.

eukaryote

Match the event with the age of the event: 2.8 billion years ago

eukaryotes

Match the event with the age of the event: 4.5 billion years ago

formation of planet Earth

Match the event with the age of the event: 13.7 billion years ago

formation of the universe

Subspecies refers to a level of classification which:

further separates members of the same species ,may be designated as Type or Strain, is added at the end of the scientific name

study of dsDNA

genetics

Which levels of classification are combined to make the scientific name?

genus and species

Match the event with the age of the event: 500,000 years ago

humans

The confidence we have in a particular explanation exists along a continuum. From least to most confident, we use the following labels:

hypothesis-theory-law

study of host defense

immunology

The Cambrian explosion of animal life forms was so rapid that even Darwin said that his theory could not account for this event in history. The response of modern day evolutionary biologists is:

mutation of a handful of regulatory genes can effect major changes in body structures and give rise to new species

fungi

mycology

One of the challenges to evolution is that the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes occurred more rapidly than an evolutionary mechanism could achieve. The response of evolutionary scientists was the proposal of the endosymbiont theory. This theory proposes that:

organelles in a eukaryote may have once been prokaryote cells which had been engulfed by another prokaryote

helminths and protozoans

parasitology

algae

phycology

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Contains a 70S ribosome, only

prokaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes and photopigments for performing photosynthesis are found along the cell membrane

prokaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes for detoxifying the cell of toxic forms of oxygen are free floating in the cytoplasm

prokaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Enzymes for producing ATP are found along the cell membrane

prokaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: It has a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm

prokaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Contains an intracellular framework called a cytoskeleton

prokaryote and eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Performs protein synthesis

prokaryote and eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Some members are motile.

prokaryote and eukaryote

Match the cell type with the appropriate description: Some species are heterotrophs

prokaryote and eukaryote

Match the event with the age of the event: 3.5 billion years ago

prokaryotes

The instruction booklet is used to make:

protein

Combined, transcription and translation is called:

protein synthesis

biovar

strain based on metabolic differences

morphovar

strain based on structure

For microbes, what is the last or final level of classification?

subspecies

The Theory of Evolution is an explanation for:

the origin of life and development of new species

pathotype

type based on ability to cause disease in a particular animal

serotype

type based on antibody reactivity

phagetype

type based on susceptibility to a particular virus

Organisms can be as simple as a single cell or made up of many cells. If an organism is a single cell, it is called:

unicellular

viruses

virology

Flowering plants developed and were distributed over much of Earth in a very short time. Here again, the random and time-consuming process of speciation inherent in evolution is not a good explanation for the rapid development. The response of paleobotanists (scientists who study early forms of plants) was:

we don't know how to explain the development and rapid dispersal of flowering plants