Exam 1

Who is the key figure that is considered the "father" of modern sport psych?

Coleman Griffith

Perceived competence is a key component to Competence Motivation theory. Based on lecture, perceived competence is __________ within an achievement environment. a. Feeling effective at achieving desired outcomes b. Providing maximum direction and intensity of effort c. Being fully immersed and totally concentrating d. Feeling authentically connected with others

a. Feeling effective at achieving desired outcomes

The primary focus of attribution theory is _________ a. How individuals explain their successes and failures b. How groups explain their successes and failures c. How individuals are motivated to demonstrate competence d. How individuals explain their goal orientations None of the above

a. How individuals explain their successes and failures

Self-determined motivation encompasses _______, _________, and _______ regulations, the three most autonomous motivations according to SDT. a. Identified, integrated, intrinsic b. Introjected, integrated, intrinsic c. Identified, introjected, extrinsic d. Identified, integrated, extrinsic

a. Identified, integrated, intrinsic

Which of the following is NOT a direct predictor of state goal involvement according to Achievement Goal Theory? a. Perceived competence b. concept(ion) of ability c. Goal orientation (dispositional) d. Motivational climate

a. Perceived competence

The TARGET acronym is designed to provide coaches/ practitioners strategies which promote a task/mastery motivational climate. TARGET stands for: a. Task, authority, recognition, grouping, evaluation, timing b. Task, autonomy, recording, guarding, evaluation, timing c. Talking, autonomy, resignation, grouping, extraction, task d. Timing, authority, recognition, guarding, evaluation, task

a. Task, authority, recognition, grouping, evaluation, timing

A central theme of sport and exercise psych is predicting sport- and exercise- related behavior ___________. a. Taking personality as more important than one's environment b. As a function of both person and environmental factors c. Acknowledging that environmental factors are permanent and never change d. None of the above

b. As a function of both person and environmental factors

The second least autonomous form of motivation, according to SDT, is ________ and is characterized by performing a task to avoid shame or guilt. a. Intrinsic motivation b. Introjected regulation c. Extrinsic motivation d. Identified regulation e. None of the above

b. Introjected regulation

Imagine you are a fitness instructor for older adults and you want to create an intervention to alter your students' goal involvement during class activities. Based on Achievement Goal Theory, which factor would you have the most direct ability to change? a. Perceived competence b. Motivational climate c. Concept of ability d. Dispositional goal orientation

b. Motivational climate

After Jacob's team wins an important fencing tournament, his coach decides to take away the next day's conditioning session to increase the likelihood of future winning. Jacob and his teammates are quite pleased. The coach for Robert's team, who lost to Jacob's team, decides to take away Friday Fun Day, where the team gets to decide which games to play for practice. These are the best exemplified, respectively, by a. Augmented feedback, negative feedback b. Negative reinforcement, punishment c. Punishment, negative reinforcement d. Positive reinforcement, punishment e. Response facilitation, negative reinforcement

b. Negative reinforcement, punishment

A local high school coach is having issues with her players becoming extremely amotivated, some even to the point that they are strongly considering quitting the team. She has previously adopted a negative/aversive approach to coaching but is intrigued by the idea of satisfying her athletes' psychological needs to increase their intrinsic motivation. You suggest some team building activities so her athletes might feel more socially connected to each other and to their coach. Which psychological need are you having this coach target with this suggested intervention? a. Competence b. Relatedness c. Autonomy d. Social support

b. Relatedness

You are an assistant coach on a hockey team of 5-6 year-old girls. You notice that many of your athletes are extremely interested in evaluating their performances against their teammates. In some cases, the athlete's desire to see "who is best" in every drill/scrimmage has gotten out of hand. This has occasionally resulted in you having problems controlling athlete behavior and attention. Based on your knowledge of Competence Motivation Theory, what stage of competence judgment are the majority of your athletes likely experiencing? a. Autonomous competence b. Social comparison c. Integrated stage d. Ability differentiation

b. Social comparison

Feelings of nervousness, apprehension, or worry that occur in certain environments and are not stable across contexts is a. Trait anxiety b. State anxiety c. Cognitive anxiety d. Somatic anxiety e. Arousal

b. State anxiety

A primary cognitive appraisal is best described by which question? a. What can be done about it? b. What is at stake? c. What is the balance of demands compared to available resources? d. None of the above

b. What is at stake?

Efforts to "manage your feelings about the problem" are ______ coping; while efforts to "try to solve the problem" are ______coping. a. Problem-focused / emotion-focused b. emotion-focused / problem-focused c. Adaptive / maladaptive d. Maladaptive / adaptive

b. emotion-focused / problem-focused

Within Hollander's Model of Personality, the most dynamic and most malleable part of an individual's personality is_________ a. Internal psychological core b. Role-related behavior c. Typical responses d. Belief system

b. role-related behavior

As the new coach of a high school field hockey team, you decide that it's important to give the athletes you work with some input into how you set up your team's practice schedules. Which psych need would this behavior most likely satisfy for your athletes? a. Competence b. Relatedness c. Autonomy d. Control

c. Autonomy

A professional soccer goalie makes a terrible error letting a ball roll between his legs to give up a goal during a high anxiety match where his physical arousal was also very high. After this experience, it takes him a long time to recover mentally and physically prior to his next match. Which of the following arousal-performance theories is often described to be able to explain this potential "choke" scenario? a. Individual zones of optimal performance b. Multidimensional theory c. Catastrophe theory d. Reversal theory

c. Catastrophe theory

Which of the following is NOT a way to blend competition and cooperation in games? a. Individualize instruction to meet each person's needs b. Structure games for children to include both competitive and cooperative elements c. Emphasize earning points over effort and sportsmanship d. Provide positive feedback and encouragement regardless of the game's outcome e. All of the above are ways to blend competitive and cooperative environments

c. Emphasize earning points over effort and sportsmanship

Breanne is an elite downhill skier. Prior to a major competition she had a maladaptive/poor result after working through the psychological stress and coping process. As her sport psychology consultant, you soothe her by telling her that stress is transactional. This might be soothing for Breanne because this means stress a. Intervention can occur with the person, which is largely in Breanne's control b. Intervention can occur in the environment, which is best suited for a sport psychologist like yourself to change c. Intervention can occur with either the person or the environment, resulting in many possible intervention options and outcomes d. None of the above

c. Intervention can occur with either the person or the environment, resulting in many possible intervention options and outcomes

A scientist is interested in whether different types of music can increase the time spent running on a treadmill during a single workout session. She has college students listen to three different genres of music (either rap, pop, or country) while running at 70% of their maximum speed on a treadmill at the university's student rec center. Total minutes and seconds spent running were recorded for each person. The independent variable(s) in this study is/are ________ and the dependent variable(s) is/are __________. a. College students/music genre b. College students/time spent running c. Music genre/time spent running d. None of the above

c. Music genre/time spent running

According to the competence motivation model, feedback and reinforcement influence an athlete's state competence motivation through their effects on ______ and _______ a. Perceived competence, mastery attempts b. Mastery attempts, affect/emotion c. Perceived competence, affect/emotion d. None of the above

c. Perceived competence, affect/emotion

The final stage of the sport competition process according to Martens, the Consequences stage, involved three longer-term effects/outcomes. These include: a. Performance, attributions, emotions b. Attitudes, attributions, health c. Performance, attitudes, health d. Consequences, outcomes, performance

c. Performance, attitudes, health

You are an elite gymnast competing at the world championships. In the floor routine, you make an error and crash doing a handspring, a move that you should have "nailed". You attribute your perceived failure to losing focus at the worst possible time. After the event is over, you feel great shame, but also motivated to do better in your next event, and you feel reasonably confident that an error like that will not be expected to happen again in a similar situation. Given the motivational and psychological outcomes you experienced, explain how that attribution falls within each dimension from Attribution Theory. a. Unstable, external, not controllable b. Stable, external, not controllable c. Unstable, internal, controllable d. Stable, internal, controllable

c. Unstable, internal, controllable

It may be considered inappropriate to use personality testing as a means to select athletes because________. a. There is not sufficient evidence of the reliability and validity of athletic personality measures for their use b. It has potential value in better understanding the type of athlete and teammate that an individual would be c. It is possible that elements important for athletic performance can be learned, and this type of selection would not account for that d. A and C e. All of the above

d. A and C

You have been asked to be a volunteer coach for a local lacrosse team. It has become clear to you that many of your athletes are experiencing heightened levels of anxiety/maladaptive arousal during your matches. According to the course textbook, appropriate guidelines for applying arousal and anxiety knowledge to help athletes includes: a. Recognizing the signs of increased arousal and anxiety for individuals b. Developing individuals' confidence as a means to cope with and/or prevent anxiety and arousal c. Tailoring of coaching and instructional practices to individuals d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is true of coping? a. To be considered coping, it must be effective in managing the stressful situation b. Coping can be directed at demands which are considered taxing or non-taxing to the individual c. Coping efforts only consist of behaviors which are considered healthy and/or adaptive for the individual d. Coping requires a specific effort on the part of the individual

d. Coping requires a specific effort on the part of the individual

Bill is an elite junior tennis player. Bill hasn't been performing optimally for the past four competitions that he has attended and lost each match by a very close margin. Bill believes that he lost all of these matches bc the competition is better than he is and will always be better no matter how much he improves. Now, he displays poor effort during training, reacts to every error in his game as failure rather than a learning opportunity, and he no longer knows if he wants to continue playing tennis. This is an example of a. Social facilitation b. Self-serving bias c. Attributional bias d. Learned helplessness e. None of the above

d. Learned helplessness

Information that is obtained about a behavior is: a. Psychological response b. Response facilitation c. modeling/observational learning d. None of the above

d. None of the above

In general, Drive Theory proposes that the relationship between arousal and performance is linear. In addition this theory predicts that a. Performance of a well-learned task is best when arousal is moderate b. Performance of a well-learned task is best when arousal is low c. Performance of a novel task is best when arousal is high d. Performance of a novel task is best when arousal is low

d. Performance of a novel task is best when arousal is low

A youth hockey coach has been surprised that some of her athletes are avoiding the competitive environment she is promoting. The choice to avoid competition is best represented by which aspect of the Sport Competition Process Model? a. Objective competitive situation b. Subjective competitive situation c. Consequences d. Response e. None of the above

d. Response

A relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person and endangers his/her well-being is a. Motivation b. Anxiety c. Arousal d. Stress

d. Stress

A high school coach is looking for additional ways to measure the learning of passing skills in his young athletes in addition to actual performance. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways we specifically discussed in lecture to measure these athletes' degrees of learning beyond their final passing skill performance? a. Verbal production b. Comprehension c. Recognition d. Visual attention

d. Visual attention

Sarah is a young, novice figure skater with low skating skill and low perceived competence for her sport. She will soon be competing at a national competition where she is very likely to place near the bottom of the field. What would be least motivationally and psychologically adaptive combination of goal orientations for Sarah to have following her low placing, perceived failure, and poor social comparison at this important skating competition? a. Low ego/outcome, high task/mastery b. Low ego/outcome, low task/mastery c. high ego/outcome, high task/mastery d. high ego/outcome, low task/mastery

d. high ego/outcome, low task/mastery

This approach to understanding personality is characterized by examining how person and situational factors interact to determine personality traits and behavior. a. Trait b. Psychodynamic c. Situation d. Interactionist e. None of the above

d. interactionist

The individualized zones of optimal function (IZOF) hypothesis predicts that: a. Individuals have different optimal levels of arousal b. Optimal levels of arousal occur at different bandwidths c. Top performance occurs at a low level of state anxiety d. A and C e. A and B

e. A and B

Which aspect of Social Cognitive Theory is best promoted by checking lead-up skills of participants, breaking difficult skills into smaller actions, and providing plenty of opportunity for practice? a. Behavioral response b. Retention c. Attention d. Motivation e. Motor reproduction

e. Motor reproduction

The ______ role in sport psych is characterized by advancing the knowledge in the field by conducting empirical research.

research