Exam 1 Botany 201 Chapter 1, 4, 5

Where are endomembranes found in the cell? a. in the cytoplasm b. in the mitochondria c. in the nucleus d. in the chloroplasts

A

What is the scientific name of chocolate? A. Theobroma cacaob. B. Piper methysticumc. C. Ricinis communisd. D. Erythroxylum coc

A

What would be a possible evolutionary advantage for the dodder plant to be parasitic? a. Energy that would be expended in photosynthesis is put toward growth and reproduction. b. Dodder cells are dispersed along with the host's seeds. c. Nutrition derived from the host plant allows dodder to store more starch in its roots. d. Dodder uses host pollen for its own reproduction

A

Where in the cell would you look to locate the enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle? A. in the mitochondrial matrix B. in the mitochondrial intermembrane space C. bound to the cristae D. in the cytoplasm

A

Which of the following is not a characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. cell contains internal membranes b. both contain ribosomes c. cell is surrounded by a membrane d. both contain cytoplasm

A

Which of the following types of plants are the most resistant to photorespiration? A. C4 and CAM B. C3 and CAM C. C3 and C4

A

. You are a scientist, who has spent many years observing flowers which are pollinated by birds. You have noticed that the flowers you have observed are red and have strong stems. You hypothesize that bird-pollinated flowers tend to be red to attractbirds, and have strong stems to withstand bird activity. What type of reasoning have you used? a. inductive, because you have formulated your hypothesis based on your observations. b. inductive, because you used a hypothesis to select further research. c. deductive, because you have formulated your hypothesis based on your observations. d. deductive, because you used a hypothesis to select further research.

A

A newly formed cell must produce a lot of cell wall material during growth. Where are the pectin and hemicellulose molecules produced for the new wall, and how are they transported to the proper location? a. They are produced by the Golgi bodies, and are transported to the cell wall by the cytoskeleton. b. They are produced by the rough ER, and are coated with phospholipids that are specific to the cell wall. c. They are produced by the Golgi bodies, and are tagged with proteins that are specific to the cell wall. d. They are produced by the nucleus, and are directed to the cell wall by the DNA.

A

Bacteria and fungi are considered beneficial organisms because of their role in: a. decomposition. b. energy storage. c. global CO2 regulation. d. erosion control.

A

Certain species of orchids have flowers which closely resemble female wasps. These flowers are pollinated by male wasps attempting to copulate with the flowers. Is this an example of coevolution? a. Yes; the wasp has influenced the evolution of the orchid. b. Yes; the flower and the wasp have begun to resemble one another. c. No; the evolution of the wasp was not influenced by the orchid. d. No; the wasp doesn't benefit from the interaction.

A

Driving your car a distance of 1 mile is similar to running a mile because A. They both require molecules of fuel to be broken down, releasing and harnessing stored energy. B. They both take roughly the same amount of time. C. The amount of heat generated is similar. D. They both require molecules of carbohydrate to be broken down.

A

Energy from the electron transport chains of the light reactions is used to pump protons into the thylakoid lumen. Why do you think the protons are not pumped into the stroma? A. The lumen is a small space and it doesn't take many protons to change the acidity. B. Proton pumps only work in one direction. C. Electrons are being pumped into the stroma. D. The resulting charge differential would be harmful to the cell.

A

Eukaryotic cells have many features not found in prokaryotic cells. Why would these features confer an evolutionary advantage to eukaryotes? a. Organelles allow for compartmentalization and increased specialization. b. The addition of DNA as the genetic material allows the nucleus greater control over the cell. c. The addition of a cell wall affords eukaryotes greater protection. d. They have a lower surface-to-volume ratio since they are smaller than prokaryotes.

A

Evolution is the process by which: a. organisms diversify through time. b. organisms adapt to their surroundings. c. an organism's DNA is changed. d. all of the above

A

From what you know about the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, how do you think flagella function? a. They contain microtubules which interact with dynein to produce coordinated motion. b. They contain a central core of intermediate filaments surrounded by various motor proteins which move together to produce coordinated motion. c. They are similar to animal muscles with myosin moving along a microfilament shaft. d. They are pushed through the cell by cytoplasmic streaming.

A

Generation of ATP by means of chemiosmosis is dependent on the presence of A. a differentially permeable mitochondrial membrane and several transmembrane proton pumps. B. a differentially permeable mitochondrial membrane and several soluble proton pumps. C. a differentially permeable cell membrane and several soluble calcium pumps. D. an impermeable cell membrane and several transmembrane proton pumps

A

Hops are added to beer during the brewing process as a flavoring and preservative. Which components of the hops perform these functions? A. pigments such as carotene B. coenzymes like coenzyme A C. carbohydrates like glucose

A

In Figure 1.9 in the text, what would be the possible effect on the food web of the extinction of the herbivorous and micro-animal-eating fish in the center? a. There would be a reduction in the waterfowl, eagle, and carnivorous fish populations. b. Eagle and carnivorous fish populations would increase. c. Aquatic plants would die off as well. d. There would be no effect.

A

Into what type of energy is solar energy converted during photosynthesis? A. chemical energy and heat B. chemical energy and light C. heat D. kinetic energy and heat

A

Many scientists are working to genetically modify crop plants to increase their usefulness to people. What trait could be enhanced to make these plants more useful? a. resistance to herbicides b. resistance to insecticides c. decrease in seed size d. increase in number of days to maturity

A

Some plants that evolved in tropical regions function best at elevated CO2 levels. What feature of global warming would be most harmful to these plants? a. a rise in disease-causing microbes b. elevated temperature c. decrease in ocean salinity d. increased levels of CO2

A

What do receptor proteins do in the cell? a. receive and transmit signals to the cytoplasm b. secrete signaling molecules to other plants c. transmit signals to neighboring cells d. allow signaling molecules to pass through the cell membrane

A

Why are mitochondria sometimes known as "the powerhouses of the cell"? a. They function in respiration to produce many molecules of ATP. b. They store large quantities of energy as a reserve for the cell. c. They convert sunlight into chemical energy. d. They guard against infection.

A

Why do you think wheat and other grains were some of the first domesticated plants? A. Their fruits are dry and store for long periods. B. They are easier to grow than other plants. C. Each plant produces grain for many years. D. Their roots are also edible

A

You move from Mississippi to Arizona, and bring your trusty houseplants with you on your journey. As you settle in to your new home, you realize that the air is much drier than back home. You decide that since it's so sunny outside, you'll keep your houseplants outside while the weather's warm. You notice, however, that the leaves of your plants are wilted by the end of the day, but the leaves of native plants seem unaffected. What are the native plants most likely doing to keep from losing too much water? a. Plants adapted to dry environments often increase the solute content of their cells to keep their turgor pressure high. b. They are not photosynthesizing, so they don't lose water. c. Plants adapted to dry environments secrete sugars to remain hydrated. d. They are not respiring, so they don't lose water.

A

You want to grow plants in your room, but it doesn't have any windows. You buy a light fixture to put the plants under, and the salesman asks you what color bulbs you want. What type should you get to keep your plants healthy? A. bulbs that emit blue and red, where chlorophyll is most active B. bulbs that emit green, the same color as your plants C. bulbs that emit blue, since it has the highest energy D. bulbs that emit red, since it has the longest wavelength

A

You've decided to germinate pepper seeds so you can grow pepper plants in your garden. As you observe the seedlings growing rapidly in height, you decide that a. because the seedlings are extending so quickly, most of the cell walls in the stem must be primary. b. because the seedlings need so much support, most of the cell walls in the stem must be secondary. c. because the seedlings are still dependent on endosperm, most of the cell walls in the stem must be secondary. d. growth is so rapid, cell walls must not have formed yet.

A

Your friend is taking a class in plant cell biology. He tells you that his research group is using a transmission electron microscope to capture real-time video of cytoplasmic streaming. Is your friend's statement correct? a. No, you can only use preserved specimens with an electron microscope. b. Yes, the cytoskeleton undergoes reorganization in an electron beam. c. Yes, cytoplasmic streaming is accelerated under an electron microscope. d. No, cytoplasmic streaming is too small to be seen with an electron microscope.

A

lf you wanted to determine the number of nuclei in a section of leaf, you could a. stain the DNA with a specific fluorescent dye, capture images with a confocal microscope, then count the nuclei. b. just capture images with a confocal microscope and count the nuclei because DNA is autofluorescent. c. give up the study because DNA is colorless so it would be impossible to observe. d. stain the protein with a specific fluorescent dye, capture images with a confocal microscope, then count the nuclei.

A

Dodder is parasitic on other plants. How could you change the relationship so both plants benefit? a. Dodder and host share a seed dispersal agent. b. Dodder photosynthesizes enough to support itself completely. c. Dodder enhances mineral uptake of the host. d. Host obtains nutrients from dodder.

B

How are carnivores dependent on the products of photosynthesis? A. They supplement their diets with plants. B. The herbivores eaten by the carnivores are dependent on plants for food. C. Photosynthesis warms the Earth. D. Photosynthesis draws water from the atmosphere.

B

Pyruvate would not be able to enter the Krebs cycle without the action of A. NADH B. lactic acid C. flavin adenine dinucleotide D. coenzyme A

D

How do C4 plants essentially eliminate photorespiration? A. concentrate CO2 in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells B. concentrate CO2 in the chloroplasts of bundle sheaths cells C. use an enzyme that is more specific than rubisco D. delay the Calvin cycle until night, when there is more CO2 in the cell

B

How is photosynthesis related to global warming? A. Global warming is caused by photosynthesis. B. Photosynthesis removes CO2, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere. C. Photosynthesis produces CO2, which helps control global warming. D. Global warming makes photosynthesis possible.

B

If the atmosphere of early Earth contained no oxygen, how did the first organisms respire? A. There was oxygen dissolved in the warm waters of the oceans. B. They respired anaerobically. C. Respiration and photosynthesis evolved simultaneously. D. They split CO2 to obtain oxygen.

B

If you prepared a batch of beer using whole grain barley instead of malted barley, what would be the result? A. beer with a distinct green color - called green beer B. beer with little or no ethanol or carbonation C. beer that had higher ethanol content D. beer that doesn't need to be filtered

B

Is the nucleoplasm completely isolated from the rest of the cell? a. Yes, the nuclear envelope isolates the nucleoplasm completely. b. No, the nuclear pores allow communication between these 2 areas. c. No, the nucleoplasm is identical to the cytoplasm. d. Yes, the nuclear pores prevent contact with the rest of the cell.

B

Scientific names are composed of 2 parts: a. Greek name and Latin name. b. generic name and species name. c. biological name and organismal name. d. descriptive name and cultivar name.

B

The algae-Hydra association discussed in the text is a symbiotic relationship. What type of symbiosis do these 2 organisms exhibit? a. parasitism; the Hydra saps the energy from the algae, eventually killing them. b. mutualism; the algae get carbon dioxide and the Hydra gets food. c. commensalism; the algae get food, but the Hydra doesn't benefit. d. commensalism; the Hydra siphons minerals from the algae, but the algae don't benefit.

B

The equation for photosynthesis given in the text (6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O) could be simplified by removing 6 water molecules from both sides. Why is the equation written the way it is? A. The equation was initially written this way and it hasn't been updated. B. This is an accurate representation of how photosynthesis actually works. C. This is the only way the equation chemically balances. D. It's easier this way to see that photosynthesis is the reverse of respiration.

B

Transport proteins in the cell membrane are generally quite specific, allowing passage of only certain molecules, sometimes even limiting the direction of travel. Carrier proteins bind to the transported molecule, then change their shape, which allows the molecule to pass through the membrane. Channel proteins are more passive, and consist of a water-filled, charged passage across the membrane. Pumps are unidirectional and move solutes against a concentration gradient. From what you know of transport proteins, which type would be considered active transport and require ATP? a. channel proteins b. pumps c. carrier proteins d. all of the above

B

True or false: Coevolution is a phenomenon by which two species develop to resemble each other. a. True b. False

B

What is the end product of photosynthesis? A. PGA B. PGAL C. RuBP D. CO2

B

What is the most limiting factor for photosynthesis in CAM plants? A. the amount of sunlight during the day B. the amount of CO2 taken up during the night C. the rate of water uptake from the soil D. all of the above

B

When designing an experiment, it's important to include controls because: a. they add another variable to your experiment. b. they provide a basis for comparison. c. because NSF requires it. d. both A and B

B

Which group of words best completes the following statement? Lichens are organisms formed by a relationship between and . a. parasitic, an alga, a fern b. symbiotic, an alga, a fungus c. symbiotic, a moss, a fern d. mutualistic, a fungus, a plant

B

Which of the following are not characteristics of plants? a. are composed of many cells b. are mostly aquatic c. contain cellulose in their cell walls d. are photosynthetic

B

Which type of motor protein is responsible for cytoplasmic streaming? a. kinesin b. myosin c. dynein d. all of the above

B

Why are plants sometimes referred to as embryophytes? a. They have a prolonged embryonic stage. b. They produce a multicellular embryo. c. Their seeds contain unicellular embryos. d. They produce an independently living embryo

B

Why is the cell theory known as a theory and not a hypothesis? a. It was reached by deductive reasoning. b. It was reached by inductive reasoning. c. Most scientists do not agree with it. d. It has only recently been proposed.

B

The first organisms to evolve were most likely unicellular. Now, however, the dominant life forms on Earth are multicellular. Why would multicellular organisms have an advantage over unicellular ones? a. They are more efficient because each cell does the job of the entire organism. b. Their cells can specialize and don't have to perform all the tasks of the entire organism. c. A and B d. They can be larger.

B & D

. You are a scientist working for the USDA, studying effects of herbicide on the parasite dodder. You spray the plants with the herbicide, and most of them die, but some of them live and turn green. Before you publish your results, what should you do? a. discard the green plants b. consult a patent lawyer c. replicate your experiment d. nothing; the experiment is complete

C

A light microscope____________________________________. a. magnifies images of specimens by using visible light transmitted through magnetic lenses. b. cannot magnify images of specimens because diffraction limits resolution. c. magnifies images of specimens by using visible light transmitted through glass lenses. d. magnifies images of specimens by using an electron beam transmitted through glass lenses.

C

According to your textbook, bread rises because yeast cells undergo anaerobic fermentation to produce carbon dioxide. Since the bread is not kept under anaerobic conditions, how might you explain the occurrence of fermentation? A. Fermentation is only partially an anaerobic process. B. Kneading the dough removes much of the oxygen. C. Yeast cells initially respire and deplete local oxygen supplies causing anaerobic conditions inside the loaf. D. The high temperature of baking causes the yeast cells to go anaerobic.

C

In both photosynthesis and respiration, the ATP synthase complex is important because it A. is a passive channel by which the cell can dissipate an electrochemical gradient. B. harnesses the potential energy in an electrochemical gradient to break down ATP. C. harnesses the potential energy in an electrochemical gradient to produce ATP. D. harnesses the potential energy in ATP to produce an electrochemical gradient.

C

In the equation 2NH3 + 2H2O 2NH4+ + O2, which component is oxidized, and which is reduced? A. NH3 is oxidized, and NH4+ is reduced. B. H2O is oxidized, and O2 is reduced. C. H2O is oxidized, and NH3 is reduced. D. This is not an oxidation-reduction reaction.

C

Often plant cell walls contain carbohydrates other than cellulose such as a. lignin b. microfibrils c. hemicellulose d. chitin

C

One reason bryophytes are typically small is because they lack lignin. What is the importance of lignin? a. plays a role in photosynthesis b. acts as an anti-herbivory compound c. provides strength and support c. provides strength and support d. increases water uptake from the soil

C

Oxaloacetate is important in the Krebs cycle because A. it transfers the acetate group to CoA. B. it is the branch point in the cycle. C. it is the starting compound and regenerated compound in the cycle. D. it is hydrolyzed to form NADPH.

C

Pat is designing an experiment to test the effect of salt concentration on the growth of roadside grasses. Which is a useful hypothesis for Pat to make? a. Grasses evolved in a high salt environment. b. Increased traffic flow will affect grass growth. c. Higher salt concentration will result in reduced grass growth. d. What will happen if salt is applied to grass?

C

Pathogens are organisms that: a. transfer pollen between flowers. b. help plants take up nutrients. c. cause disease. d. compete with plants for soil minerals.

C

Scientific names are more precise than common names because: a. every species has a unique name. b. they don't vary from place to place. c. both A and B. d. they are made up of 2 components

C

The ribosomes of the rough ER produce proteins that will be transported outside the cell membrane. Where do the proteins used inside the cell come from? a. They are all imported by the cell from other cells. b. They are inherited from the parent cell during division. c. They are produced by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. d. They are produced in the nucleus.

C

Under which of the following sets of conditions would rubisco oxygenate RuBP? A. cool, raining, nighttime B. cool, humid, cloudy, midday C. hot, dry, sunny, late afternoon D. hot, humid, overcast, early morning

C

What can be done to help reduce the threat of global warming? a. adopt slash and burn agriculture b. spray moderately to reduce insect pests c. reduce fossil fuel consumption d. breed heat resistant plants

C

What type of substances would a plant cell use exocytosis to transport? a. substances the cell wants to import b. dissolved gases c. anything that can't otherwise cross the membrane d. charged particles

C

What would a function of cytoplasmic streaming be in a plant cell? a. speed up endocytosis b. in aquatic plants, help propel the cell through the water c. facilitate transport of components throughout the cell d. move water from one cell to an adjacent cell

C

Where does photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast? A. Both parts take place in the thylakoids. B. The light reactions occur in the stroma, and the electron transport chain occurs in the thylakoids. C. The light reactions occur in the thylakoids, and carbon fixation takes place in the stroma. D. Carbon fixation occurs in the thylakoids, and the light reactions take place in the stroma.

C

Which activity of plants has an effect on the incidence of skin cancer in humans? a. release of water vapor from leaves b. production of carbon dioxide during respiration c. production of oxygen during photosynthesis d. production of toxic compounds during flowering

C

Why are the electron transport chains of the light reactions said to occur "downhill"? A. The transfer of electrons occurs faster and faster down the chain. B. They can occur spontaneously. C. Energy is lost each time an electron is transferred to the next molecule in the chain. D. The final reaction is physically lower in the thylakoid than the first reaction.

C

Wolffia is a tiny green organism that lives its whole life floating on the surface of fresh water. Since most plants are terrestrial, why is Wolffia classified as a plant? a. It's photosynthetic. b. It reproduces by spores. c. It has terrestrial ancestors. d. It's multicellular

C

Wool is an important textile fiber. How are we dependent on plants for wool? a. Sheep need medicinal compounds from plants. b. It can only be woven after being exposed to a plant hormone. c. Sheep are herbivores. d. Wool is composed of leaf fibers

C

You are visiting friends in the Southwest U.S., and they have several cactus plants in their backyard. You try eating a small piece of stem the afternoon of your arrival and find it juicy and slightly sweet. The next morning you decide to harvest more, but when you bite into it, it tastes sour. Why has the taste changed so suddenly? A. Increased photorespiration is producing increased quantities of CO2 B. The cactus is producing defensive compounds in response to your "attack." C. There is a lot of malic acid in the vacuoles in the morning. D. The cactus is no longer flowering and trying to attract pollinators.

C

At the height of respiratory activity you would expect the pH of the mitochondrial intermembrane space to be A. roughly 7.0. B. equal with the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. C. higher than the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. D. lower than the pH of the mitochondrial matrix.

D

Besides their importance as food, plants are also used by humans for: a. aesthetics b. lumber c. pharmaceuticals d. all of the above

D

Can the product of one reaction be the substrate for another? A. No, products are the end of a reaction and cannot be part of another reaction. B. No, cells typically isolate reactions in different parts of the cell. C. Yes, but only if the product of the first reaction is an enzyme. D. Yes, reactions are often linked together in this fashion.

D

Greenhouse gases have been linked to global warming. What are some common greenhouse gases? a. methane, carbon dioxide, and ozone b. water vapor, hydrogen, and helium c. carbon monoxide, oxygen, and hydrogen d. water vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide

D

If you take a stalk of celery out of your fridge and leave it on your counter overnight, it will be limp the next morning and will have lost its crunch. What has happened to the cells of the celery stalk? a. They have shriveled and died. b. The net flow of water has been from the dry air to the moist cells, causing the cells to burst. c. They have burst from the rise in temperature. d. The net flow of water has been from the moist cells to the dry air, causing plasmolysis.

D

Imagine that cell membranes were permeable instead of selectively permeable, and that any molecule that was small enough could pass through it to the other side. How would this be a disadvantage to the cell? a. It would lose water in dry environments. b. The cell would be unable to prevent uptake of harmful substances. c. The concentration of substances capable of passing through the membrane would be equal on both sides. d. all of the above

D

In general, plant cell walls a. prevent uptake of mineral nutrients and limit cell movement. b. block cell division and influence cell shape. c. prevent intercellular communication and enhance cell movement. d. influence cell shape and limit cell movement.

D

In respiration, the electron transport chain A. transfers energy to electrons to store potential energy. B. recycles electrons so they can be used in the Krebs cycle again. C. reduces NADH and FADH2 and uses the energy to pump protons. D. oxidizes NADH and FADH2 and uses the energy to pump protons.

D

In what type of environment would a halophyte have an advantage over other plants? a. the interior of a tropical rainforest b. anyplace with waterlogged soil c. a dry mountaintop d. the edge of an ocean beach

D

In what type of seed would you find glyoxysomes? a. one that stores starch as a food reserve b. one that doesn't require cold prior to germination c. one that stores sucrose as a food reserve d. one that stores oil as a food reserve

D

Science is said to be self-correcting. Why? a. The process of peer review encourages skepticism and critique. b. Related statements with a low probability of being wrong have been accumulated over time. c. Results must be reproducible by independent researchers. d. all of the above

D

Some of the pigments in the antenna complex are chlorophyll a molecules. What is their purpose in the antenna complex? A. They shade the leaf to prevent bleaching in strong sunlight. B. They block unwanted wavelengths of sunlight. C. They act as additional collectors of energy from the accessory pigments. D. They absorb the same wavelengths as the reaction center and can easily transfer energy to the reaction center.

D

Typical plant cells a. have fewer components than typical eukaryotic cells. b. have more mitochondria than typical eukaryotic cells. c. have fewer vacuoles than typical eukaryotic cells. d. have more components than typical eukaryotic cells.

D

What group of organisms is used by humans in baking, brewing, and pharmaceuticals? a. plants b. protists c. fungi d. A and C

D

What is a difference between microtubules and microfilaments? a. Microtubules are composed of tubulin, while microfilaments are composed of actin. b. Microtubules are thicker than microfilaments. c. Microtubules facilitate movement of organelles, and microfilaments help maintain the shape of the nucleus. d. A and B

D

What is metabolism? A. the intake of food and production of energy in a cell B. photosynthesis and respiration C. all of the growth and division that occurs in an organism D. the sum of the chemical reactions and processes, which occur in an organism or cell

D

Which items would not be directly dependent on the activity of cellulose synthases? a. all of the above b. a pair of jeans c. a pad of paper d. a recyclable soda bottle

D

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells but not of eukaryotic cells? a. can only be seen with a microscope b. have cell walls c. can cause disease d. DNA is free-floating in the cytoplasm

D

Which of the following is a characteristic of the algae? a. tend to live in dry habitats b. mostly parasitic c. always multicellular d. usually photosynthesize

D

Which plant part is typically responsible for most of the plant's photosynthesis? A. fruits B. roots C. stems D. leaves

D

Which product of glycolysis contains the most energy? A. ADP B. NADH C. ATP D. pyruvate

D

Why is dodder such a destructive parasite on crops? a. Its orange pigment absorbs light needed by the host plant for photosynthesis. b. It invades and destroys the host's flowers. c. It makes the host more visible to insects. d. It quickly spreads through fields, reducing yield

D

Why is global warming an issue of concern? a. Increased glacial melting b. Violent storms may occur c. Increased crop losses d. All of the above

D

Why is the metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in most plants known as the C3 pathway? A. Photosynthesis requires three turns through the Calvin cycle to generate carbohydrates. B. The first product in the Calvin cycle has three carbons. C. The end product of the Calvin cycle has three carbons. D. The first stable product in the Calvin cycle has three carbons.

D

You are an ethnobotanist studying medicinal plants used by a remote tribe in Brazil. In this situation, would it be better to use scientific or common plant names to communicate with the tribe's healer? a. scientific, so the healer sees you as an equal b. scientific, because they are more precise c. common, because they are unique to each plant d. common, because they have local and cultural significance

D

You are on safari in Africa and you discover an organism that has the following characteristics: it's terrestrial, light brown, about 10 cm tall, and appears to be multicellular. What type of organism is this? a. fungus b. parasitic plant c. brown alga d. You don't have enough information

D

You inject a fluorescent dye into the cytoplasm of a cell in a plant stem. After several minutes you observe the specimen with a fluorescence microscope to discover that there is now fluorescent cytoplasm in several cells adjacent to the injection site. The cell walls are not fluorescent. By what pathway might the dye have moved? a. membrane transport proteins b. intercellular spaces c. ectodesmata d. plasmodesmata

D