Exam 1
Edvard Munch
-created the scream. -Endured the death of mother and sister as a child. -suffered from physical illness and depression.
Four Horseman of the Apocalypse
-is the most famous image in the illustration of the Bible. -was made from a specially prepared woodblock.
Maman
-meaning momma in French. -a giant spider looking sculpture.
La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge
-was a poster for a nightclub. -the artist uses a free, rounded writing style that is a casual as the spectators in the nightclub scene.
Las Meninas
-was often studied and copied to create the work of art in their own style. -Thomas Struth made another version of it.
Warhol
200 Campbell's Soup Cans; one of the leaders of the Pop Art movement
Arad and Walker
9/11 Memorial; people had to pay to get in and the memorial was set in the ground so people were upset
Manet
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere; shows ordinary events with hidden meanings and obscure images
saturation
A color that is almost gray has a low chroma, or __________. pg. 109-111
tint
A color that is lighter than its basic hue is called a: pg. 108
Objects which are intended to stimulate a sense of beauty in the viewer are thought to be _______ rather than functional.
Aesthetic
McCurry
Afghan Girl (1984); girls eyes are filled with terror
Where did Picasso draw inspiration for the faces of the female figures on the right side of the composition of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
African ritual masks
Venus de Milo
An ancient Greek statue of Venus, famous for its beauty, though its arms were broken off centuries ago. The statue is now in the Louvre.
intensity
An artist can create an illusion of depth using only color by varying the: pg. 89
organizing all of the visual elements of the work
An artist creates compositional unity by:
complement
An interior designer can balance curved and straight lines to __________ each other.
structure
Artists face a communication challenge: to find a ________ within the chaos of nature and to select and organize materials into a harmonious composition.
rhythm
Artists intersperse value and texture to create a sense of: pg. 88
chiaroscuro
Artists sometimes use this method of applying value to give a feeling of three-dimensionality. pg. 84
subversive
Artists use this kind of texture if they want to contradict a viewer's normal expectations of a textured surface. pg. 80
Manet's Dejeuner sur l'herbe was rejected from the annual salon exhibition in Paris in 1863. Where was it exhibited?
At the Salon of Refuses
Pollock
Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), (1950); used a drip technique and the painting is often associated with the improvisations of jazz music
Cassatt
Autumn; scene is rich with autumn colors
Estes
Baby Doll Lounge; an oil painting that was was so real it emulated photography and was a street view scene of a city
sculpture
Barbara Hepworth used line to plan and visualize her three-dimensional artwork. What kind of three-dimensional artwork did she produce? pg. 52
Renoir
Bather Arranging Her Hair (1893); idealization of the female nude body
a chase scene
Bernini's sculpture Apollo and Daphne implies motion. What kind of motion is being depicted?
implied
Dashes and grids in The Devil Made Me Do It, by Sauerkids, are a good example of this kind of line. pg. 55
Give an example from the textbook of an artwork used for political purposes.
David
Hodgkin
Dinner in Palazzo Albrizzi; paints on top of a frame and uses a variety of vibrant colors
a tent
Dorothea Lange took a series of photographs of a family in what kind of living quarters?
Weiwei
Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn (1995); most famous protest artist alive, broke a thousand-year-old urn
Hopper
Early Sunday Morning (1930); a street view of empty storefronts that implies a sense of loneliness
Rothko
Earth Greens; has a physical impact on the viewer due to its size
Siqueiros
Echo of Scream (1937); painting of a baby head inside another baby head
Margoles
En El Aire (2003); bubbles floating in a white room but the bubbles are made from cleansing water for corpses, each bubble represents a body
What term is used when someone imposes his or her own meanings and prejudices onto the art of another culture?
Ethnocentric
Adams
Execution in Saigon; photo of Viet Cong getting executed
JR and Marco
Face 2 Face (2007); wall separating Palestine and Israel, religious figures with silly expressions, more approachable
Fischl
Falling Woman (2001); represented the tragedies of 9/11
In the Arnolfini "wedding " portrait, the dog symbolizes _______.
Fidelity
Neel
Margaret Evans Pregnant (1978); an anti-idealized portrait of a nude pregnant woman
Mueck
Mask II, 2001; huge head that takes the viewer by surprise
Goya
May 3, 1808; depiction of the massacre of Spanish guerrillas being executed by Napoleon's soldiers
Form is what you see and content is the _____.
Meaning
Koons
Michael Jackson and Bubbles; seemed to have bad taste but one copy sold for $5 million
Lange
Migrant Mother (1936); woman was left behind with 9 children, she had one tire, never received money for the photo
The Amory show was the first exhibition to expose most Americans to ______ ___.
Modern Art
Cezanne
Mont Sainte-Victoire; mountain pales in the distance due to the unified color scheme
animation
Moving images created with a zoetrope were early forms of:
The symbolic hand gestures that refer to specific states of mind or events in the life of Buddha are called:
Mudra
Line, form, shape, volume ,mass, color, texture, space, time and motion, and value (lightness/darkness)
Name the elements of art.
Compositional, conceptual, and gestalt.
Name the types of unity.
the act of gun crime and its terrible result
Noma Bar's illustration Gun Crime uses positive and negative shape to communicate: pg. 62
When works of art show no reference to the natural world of images, it is usually called:
Nonrepresentational
Le Corbusier
Notre Dame du Haut; the chapel has soaring lines that lift the viewers eyes to the heavens and surrounding horizon
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912); this painting provoked a riot in 1912 and made Duchamp a major influence for distortions of cubism and modern art
the natural oscillations of the eye
Op art of the 1960s relied on a physiological effect that creates an illusion of motion. This effect is:
Schutz
Open Casket; caused an uproar because a white woman painted it, was an image of the deformed face of Emmett Till (a 14 yr old African American boy who was lynched in 1955), was protested at 2017 Whitney Biennial
Weiwei
Perspective of an Artist; stuck his middle finger to the Chinese government building
Okra
Piano and Drums; poem by a Nigerian poet who portrays the clash between European and African culture
Turner
Slave Ship (1840); questions whether slavery is good or not, non-objective (abstract)
Giorgione
Sleeping Venus (1510); idealization of the female nude body
Neshat
Speechless (1996); women of Allah, gun barrel next to face, power of women when they seem powerless to Westerners
Childe
Summer Evening; uses the rule of thirds to shift the viewers eyes throughout the entire painting; depicts a woman sitting in the window with a flower pot on the sill
Quinn
Support (2017); global warming -> flooding of Venice, hands are modeled from his children's hands, the next generation of children will suffer
Frankenthaler
The Bay; the painting reveals the fluid qualities of acrylics
Caravaggio
The Cardsharps; the painting in which the one younger and richer man is being scammed by two other lower class men during a game of cards
Blume
The Eternal City; painting of Rome which criticizes the tyranny of the Nazis and other dictators
Roland
The Jumpsuit Project; performance art in which the artist where's prison robes everywhere
Yeats
The Lake Isle of Innisfree; a poem that emphasizes the simple life and how the heart is at the core of every person
Drost
The Polish Rider; the value of this painting dropped significantly due to new evidence that stated that the piece was not painted by Rembrandt
Munch
The Scream; painting is worth $120 million
Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy; self taught painter
Velasquez
The Toilet of Venus; was sliced by a feminist
words
The artist Jenny Holzer created an illusion of motion using a spiraling electronic message board to create a piece of art made up of:
Elements
The basic vocabulary of art.
Picabia
The blessed Virgin; painted by a Dadaist painter whose purpose is to break all norms of the art world
a stuffed goat
The focal point of Robert Rauschenberg's sculpture Monogram is:
organic
The human figure communicates the rich experience of humanity, and artists emulate this experience using this kind of form: pg. 69
In a work of art "content" refers to:
The message that is communicated
foreshortening
The method whereby rules of perspective are applied to represent unusual points of view is called: pg. 98
To evaluate a work of art properly we must deal with it in the context of:
The society that produce it
beauty and stability
The symmetrical design of the building that we know as the Taj Mahal carries associations of:
cross-hatching
The technique in which an artist creates a series of closely arranged parallel lines that is overlapped by another set of parallel strokes to create a sense of value is called: pg. 86
bas relief
There are two kinds of relief sculpture: a pronounced surface treatment called high relief, and a shallow surface low relief called ________. pg. 71
Nazca Lines
These huge 1,300-year-old South American drawings, which include an enormous image of a spider, were discovered in modern times by overflying commercial aircraft. pg. 48
black and white
These two values are at the extreme ends of a value range. pg. 84
Vasilev
They Are Writing about Us in Pravda; painting that idealized the life of rural farmers as part of a Soviet propaganda campaign
Brunelleschi
This Italian artist was the first to define a formal system of linear perspective. pg. 93
Shepard Fairey
This artist used contrasting positive and negative shapes to create his "Obey" campaign, an expression of guerrilla marketing and street theater. pg. 62
André Masson
This artist would sometimes go for days without food or sleep in an attempt to explore the deep-rooted sources of creativity and truth. pg. 53
tempo
This attribute of time is a measurement of the speed at which time elapses.
blue
This color with a cool temperature is often used to describe a depressed psychological state of mind. pg. 112
mass
This element of art is used to describe the solidity of a form, such as that of the colossal Olmec heads. pg. 75
volume
This element of art is used to describe the usable interior space of an architectural form. pg. 73
the Sphinx
This famous object is the largest carving in the world created from a single stone. pg. 68
color wheel
This is a kind of color "map" that allows an artist to assess quickly the attributes of colors as they relate to each other. pg. 102
multi-point
This kind of perspective is best used when the artist is confronted by a complex scene in which the viewpoint is not at ground level. pg. 97
geometric
This kind of shape is mathematically regular and precise. pg. 60
a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool
This object by French artist Marcel Duchamp is considered the first work of kinetic sculpture.
performance art
This type of art involves viewing actual motion and the artist's body in the work.
isometric
This type of perspective is used by computer- and video-game designers because it allows them to create depth using parallel diagonal lines. pg. 91
Artists have traditionally made objects or images to satisfy a purely aesthetic function, but many of today's artists make work for a different reason. What is it?
To address moral, social or political dilemmas
List one role of an artist found in the text.
To see the world in a different way.
Aesthetics is defined as the urge to respond:
To that which we find beautiful
Pearlstein
Two Female Models in the Studio (1967); the attention to the anatomy and lighting and the color scheme takes out the erotic content associated with a traditional female nude
Botticelli
Venus and Mars; egg tempera and oil on polar painting; painting shows how love triumphs over war
strength
Vertical lines tend to communicate: pg. 57
JR
Video still from Women are Heroes: Favela Morro da Providencia; (2010); eyes and faces of people on the side of homes in Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Lin
Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982); made with black granite and was underground so people had negative connotations about it, also built a second memorial to appease soldiers
Cimabue
Virgin and Child Enthroned; tempera and gold painting on wood
Carter
Vulture and Child in Sudan (1993); child is starving and a vulture is waiting to eat it
pyramid
What is an example of a form? pg. 67
leaf
What is not a geometric form? pg. 68
The artist's relation to the public quite often depends upon:
What the artist is trying to say
expressive
When Paul Gauguin painted his work The Yellow Christ he chose the color yellow for its __________ qualities. pg. 115-116
radial
When Tibetan Buddhist monks create a sand mandala, they are creating a composition that has this kind of balance:
Hanson
Woman with a Purse; life size totally realistic fiberglass "counterfeits" of real people; example of realism
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Wrapped Reichstag; a type of conceptual art where the artists wrapped building with fabric
Pointillism
a late nineteenth-century painting style using short strokes or points of differing colors that optically combine to form new perceived colors.
Glaze
a liquid mixture of clay, water, and chemical compounds that will give the object and a gas like finish.
Line
a mark, or implied mark, between two endpoints.
Woodcut
a print created from an incised piece of wood.
Woodblock
a relief print process where the image is carved into a block of wood.
Additive sculpture
a sculpting process in which the artist builds a form by adding material.
Fresco
a technique where the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster.
Shape
a two-dimensional area the boundaries of which are defined by lines or suggested by changes in color or value.
Mass
a volume that has, or gives the illusion of having, weight, density, and bulk.
Pattern
an arrangement of predictably repeated elements.
Triptych
an artwork compromising three painted or carved panels, normally joined together and sharing a common theme.
Impression
an individual print, or pull, from a printing press.
Form
an object that can be defined in three dimensions (height, width, length).
Freestanding/in the round
any sculpture that stands separate from walls or other surfaces so that it can be viewed from a 360-degree range.
Stained-glass window
colored glass used for windows or decorative applications.
Secondary colors
colors fixed from two primary colors. Orange, green, and violet.
Tertiary colors
colors that can be mixed from a secondary and a primary color.
The School of Athens
combines one point perspective and two point perspective one composition.
Gestalt
complete order of indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design.
Cummings
l(a; poem that has a structure that represents the path of a leaf falling
Hieronymus Bosch
most famous for his painted triptych Garden of Earthly Delights.
The Circus
paints a scene of lively entertainment, imbued with bright color and texture through the use of small dots.
The Scream
presents a ghoul-like figure on a bridge, with a vibrant red sky in the background.
Conceptual unity
refers to the cohesive expression of ideas within a work of art.
Hierarchical scale
refers to the deliberate use of relative size a work in order to communicate differences in importance.
The Third of May, 1808
the artist portrays the execution of Spaniards who had resisted the occupation of their country by the French army of European Napoleon.
Albrecht Durer
the artist that created Four Horseman of the Apocalypse.
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
the artist that created La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge.
Pablo Picasso
the artist that created Las Meninas.
Louise Bourgeois
the artist that created Maman.
Caravaggio
the artist that created The Calling of St. Matthew.
Georges Seurat
the artist that created The Circus.
Raphael
the artist that created The School of Athens.
Francisco Goya
the artist that created The Third of May, 1808.
Focal point
the center of interest or activity in a work of art, ofter drawing the viewer's attention to the most important element.
Space
the distance between identifiable points or planes.
Camera obscura
was an early form of a camera.
different shapes and colors
A good example of variety in a work would be:
Encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot.
texture
A slick cold surface of a finely finished metal object, the rough-hewn splintery character of a broken branch, and the pebbly surface of a rocky beach are all examples of this element of art: pg. 77
Tempera
A technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, and dries very quickly. The yolk gives the painting a luminescent look.
the elements have conceptual unity
A work can still display unity, even if none of the visual elements has anything in common, if:
magenta
Bioartist Suzanne Anker experiments with creating artificial environments (such as the conditions suitable for life in outer space) in which she grows plants. In Astroculture (Shelf Life), 2009, she found that the plants' leaves turned:
Marin
Blue Mountain on the Circle Drive Near Taos; famous watercolor piece
Mondrian
Broadway Boogie Woogie; displays a sense of line with bright colors
analogous
By using this kind of color combination, artists avoid jarring, contrasting color and mood. pg. 107
What is the chief form of art in Islamic cultures.
Calligraphy
Wyeth
Christina's World; tempera painting of a woman in a meadow
The imagery in Faith Ringgold's God Bless America was inspired by the:
Civil Rights movement in the 1960s.
our perception of a color is influenced by the color next, or adjacent, to it
Color deception occurs when: pg. 113
additive
Color mixtures using light, for example those in digital displays, are called __________ color mixtures. pg. 105
Weiwei
Colored Vases; painted over historical urns
atmospheric perspective
Contemporary filmmakers use this effect to give the illusion of great depth, even when the scene is in a limited space. pg. 89-90
Michelangelo
Creation of Adam; Famous painting of the biblical story of the beginning of man.
Bougereau
Cupid and Psyche as children; a kitsch art piece that seemed to have bad taste but most audiences enjoy it
Johns
Flag (Moratorium); green and orange painting of the US flag
Margoles
Flag Series; flags are dyed with the blood of narco crime victims
organic and geometric form
Frank Gehry's design for the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, uses contrasts of: pg. 78
Rockwell
Freedom from Want; an iconic representation of the American family during World War II
O'Keeffe
Ghost Ranch Cliffs; painting of a new mexico landscape
Wesselmann
Great American Nude; pop art picture of a women who is nude with a telephone
Sullivan
Guaranty (Prudential) Building; the shape of the building resembles a stack of coins and the overall rectangular shape reveals that it is a bank
Picasso
Guernica (1937); depicts the bombing of bystanding civilians in the Spanish Civil War
Jordan
Gyre (2009); made from 2.4 million plastic pieces, represents the pollution in the Pacific
Ofili
Holy Virgin Mary (1996); caused an uproar due to the image of Mary being portrayed with elephant dung
Jan van Eyck's painting "The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini" depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. The use or study of these symbols is called:
Iconography
Monet
Impression Sunrise; a painting that looks like a sketch with wonderful effects to mimic the light on water
St. Anthony (three times), a centaur, and St. Paul
In The Meeting of St. Anthony and St. Paul, by the workshop of the fifteenth-century artist known as the Master of Osservanza, there are five figures. These five figures are:
Parmigianino
Madonna with the Long Neck; an example of mannerism (a painting with an attitude), which shows unresolved figures and unanswered questions
unity
In his work The Flagellation, Piero della Francesca communicates a mood of detachment and contemplation by using this principle of design.
directional
In the work The Connectors, the artist James Allen uses this kind of line to draw the viewer's attention to the great height that faced the builders of the Empire State Building. pg. 55 & 57
Each answer shown is correct
Katsushika Hokusai's print "The Great Wave Off Shore at Kanagawa" uses compositional unity in which of these ways?
Arnatt
Keith Arnatt is an Artist; an example of Lettrism
Duchamp
L.H.O.O.Q.; desecrated the Mona Lisa by painting a mustache on her face, means "she has a hot ass"
Yuanqi
Landscape after Wu Zhen; famous hanging scroll with ink painting
Ingres
Large Odalisque (1814); portrait of a prostitute idealized by the addition of three extra vertebrae
Michelangelo
Last Judgement; fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel with over 400 figures in it
Da Vinci
Last Supper; this painting is the first to represent recognizably human figures with understandable facial expressions
Michelangelo
Libyan Sibyl; fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel ceiling
demarcate boundaries imply direction give a sense of surface indicate movement
Line can be used as a tool to: pg. 49
Renoir
Luncheon of the Boating Party; shows how impressionists celebrated the ordinary
Giotto
Madonna Enthroned; credited with creating a realistic portrayal of figures from nature in religious art
Cimabue
Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels; piece uses tempera which gives it radiance
Raphael
Madonna della Sedia; painting with an embellished gold frame
Van Eyck
Madonna of Chancellor Rolin; detailed oil painting by the Master of Oil
Fresco
Pigment mixed with water is applied to a lime-plaster surface; two types: buon fresco (good fresco) which is more permanent and durable, and fresco secco (dry fresco)
Serrano
Piss Christ (1987); caused an uproar because the figure of Jesus was painted with the urine of the artist
Gericault
Raft of the Medusa (1819); ideal muscular bodies (powerful mind and spirit), survived by cannibalism and wine, African man on top (questions slavery)
Neshat
Rapture (1999)
Valadon
Reclining Nude (1928); the image of the nude woman is not as idealized as other nudes and shows the true form of the woman
nerve cells
Reflected light excites ________ that line the back of our eyes, and their signals are reprocessed and interpreted as color in our brains. pg. 101-102
Jan Van Eyck's "The Ghent Altarpiece" illustrates a type of art called ____ art.
Representational
Naturalistic or figurative art is sometimes used to describe:
Representational art
Weiwei
S.A.C.R.E.D.; series of dioramas of the artist's time in prison and how he was always closely watched by the guards
two primary colors
Secondary colors can be created from a mixture of: pg. 103
Color pencil
contains more wax and pigment than graphite pencils.
True or False: All works of art include iconography.
false
True or False: Animism depicts animals in representational art.
false
True or False: Michelangelo "David" came under attack at first viewing because it symbolized the hand of God.
false
Ceramics
fire-hardened clay, often painted, and normally sealed with shiny protective coating.
Two-dimensional
having height and width.
Three-dimensional
having height, width, and depth.
Monumental scale
having massive or impressive scale; appear larger than they would in real life.
Unity
the imposition of order and harmony on a design.
Value
the lightness or darkness of a plane or area.
Subtractive sculpting
the methodical removal of material to produce a sculptural form.
Color
the optical effect caused when reflected white light of the spectrum is divided into separate wavelengths.
Composition
the overall design or organization of a work.
Emphasis
the principle of drawing attention to a particular content within a work.
Rhythm
the regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work.
Volume
the space filled or enclosed by a three-dimensional figure or object.
Texture
the surface quality of a work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in details.
Standing Woman
this sculpture was owned by Tristan Tzara who was a friend of Picasso and this tribal figure influenced many modern painters at the time
Oil
this type of paint is used during the middle ages and used a linseed binder; flexible, slow drying, and can be blended days after application, allowing for smooth effects and fine detail
Primary colors
three basic colors from which all others are derived. Red, yellow, and blue.
True or False: Abstract art may or may not have a theme from the real world.
true
True or False: According to Sayre, the process of "seeing" is both physical and mental.
true
True or False: Andy Warhol's style of art is called Pop Art.
true
True or False: In 1863, because of its modernity, Manet's "Luncheon on the Grass" was rejected by the public.
true
True or False: The purpose of an aesthetic object is to stimulate a sense of beauty.
true
The Calling of St. Matthew
uses strongly contrasting values to convert a quiet gathering into a pivotal and powerful event.