Exam 1

Edvard Munch

-created the scream. -Endured the death of mother and sister as a child. -suffered from physical illness and depression.

Four Horseman of the Apocalypse

-is the most famous image in the illustration of the Bible. -was made from a specially prepared woodblock.

Maman

-meaning momma in French. -a giant spider looking sculpture.

La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge

-was a poster for a nightclub. -the artist uses a free, rounded writing style that is a casual as the spectators in the nightclub scene.

Las Meninas

-was often studied and copied to create the work of art in their own style. -Thomas Struth made another version of it.

Warhol

200 Campbell's Soup Cans; one of the leaders of the Pop Art movement

Arad and Walker

9/11 Memorial; people had to pay to get in and the memorial was set in the ground so people were upset

Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere; shows ordinary events with hidden meanings and obscure images

saturation

A color that is almost gray has a low chroma, or __________. pg. 109-111

tint

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is called a: pg. 108

Objects which are intended to stimulate a sense of beauty in the viewer are thought to be _______ rather than functional.

Aesthetic

McCurry

Afghan Girl (1984); girls eyes are filled with terror

Where did Picasso draw inspiration for the faces of the female figures on the right side of the composition of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

African ritual masks

Venus de Milo

An ancient Greek statue of Venus, famous for its beauty, though its arms were broken off centuries ago. The statue is now in the Louvre.

intensity

An artist can create an illusion of depth using only color by varying the: pg. 89

organizing all of the visual elements of the work

An artist creates compositional unity by:

complement

An interior designer can balance curved and straight lines to __________ each other.

structure

Artists face a communication challenge: to find a ________ within the chaos of nature and to select and organize materials into a harmonious composition.

rhythm

Artists intersperse value and texture to create a sense of: pg. 88

chiaroscuro

Artists sometimes use this method of applying value to give a feeling of three-dimensionality. pg. 84

subversive

Artists use this kind of texture if they want to contradict a viewer's normal expectations of a textured surface. pg. 80

Manet's Dejeuner sur l'herbe was rejected from the annual salon exhibition in Paris in 1863. Where was it exhibited?

At the Salon of Refuses

Pollock

Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), (1950); used a drip technique and the painting is often associated with the improvisations of jazz music

Cassatt

Autumn; scene is rich with autumn colors

Estes

Baby Doll Lounge; an oil painting that was was so real it emulated photography and was a street view scene of a city

sculpture

Barbara Hepworth used line to plan and visualize her three-dimensional artwork. What kind of three-dimensional artwork did she produce? pg. 52

Renoir

Bather Arranging Her Hair (1893); idealization of the female nude body

a chase scene

Bernini's sculpture Apollo and Daphne implies motion. What kind of motion is being depicted?

implied

Dashes and grids in The Devil Made Me Do It, by Sauerkids, are a good example of this kind of line. pg. 55

Give an example from the textbook of an artwork used for political purposes.

David

Hodgkin

Dinner in Palazzo Albrizzi; paints on top of a frame and uses a variety of vibrant colors

a tent

Dorothea Lange took a series of photographs of a family in what kind of living quarters?

Weiwei

Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn (1995); most famous protest artist alive, broke a thousand-year-old urn

Hopper

Early Sunday Morning (1930); a street view of empty storefronts that implies a sense of loneliness

Rothko

Earth Greens; has a physical impact on the viewer due to its size

Siqueiros

Echo of Scream (1937); painting of a baby head inside another baby head

Margoles

En El Aire (2003); bubbles floating in a white room but the bubbles are made from cleansing water for corpses, each bubble represents a body

What term is used when someone imposes his or her own meanings and prejudices onto the art of another culture?

Ethnocentric

Adams

Execution in Saigon; photo of Viet Cong getting executed

JR and Marco

Face 2 Face (2007); wall separating Palestine and Israel, religious figures with silly expressions, more approachable

Fischl

Falling Woman (2001); represented the tragedies of 9/11

In the Arnolfini "wedding " portrait, the dog symbolizes _______.

Fidelity

Neel

Margaret Evans Pregnant (1978); an anti-idealized portrait of a nude pregnant woman

Mueck

Mask II, 2001; huge head that takes the viewer by surprise

Goya

May 3, 1808; depiction of the massacre of Spanish guerrillas being executed by Napoleon's soldiers

Form is what you see and content is the _____.

Meaning

Koons

Michael Jackson and Bubbles; seemed to have bad taste but one copy sold for $5 million

Lange

Migrant Mother (1936); woman was left behind with 9 children, she had one tire, never received money for the photo

The Amory show was the first exhibition to expose most Americans to ______ ___.

Modern Art

Cezanne

Mont Sainte-Victoire; mountain pales in the distance due to the unified color scheme

animation

Moving images created with a zoetrope were early forms of:

The symbolic hand gestures that refer to specific states of mind or events in the life of Buddha are called:

Mudra

Line, form, shape, volume ,mass, color, texture, space, time and motion, and value (lightness/darkness)

Name the elements of art.

Compositional, conceptual, and gestalt.

Name the types of unity.

the act of gun crime and its terrible result

Noma Bar's illustration Gun Crime uses positive and negative shape to communicate: pg. 62

When works of art show no reference to the natural world of images, it is usually called:

Nonrepresentational

Le Corbusier

Notre Dame du Haut; the chapel has soaring lines that lift the viewers eyes to the heavens and surrounding horizon

Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912); this painting provoked a riot in 1912 and made Duchamp a major influence for distortions of cubism and modern art

the natural oscillations of the eye

Op art of the 1960s relied on a physiological effect that creates an illusion of motion. This effect is:

Schutz

Open Casket; caused an uproar because a white woman painted it, was an image of the deformed face of Emmett Till (a 14 yr old African American boy who was lynched in 1955), was protested at 2017 Whitney Biennial

Weiwei

Perspective of an Artist; stuck his middle finger to the Chinese government building

Okra

Piano and Drums; poem by a Nigerian poet who portrays the clash between European and African culture

Turner

Slave Ship (1840); questions whether slavery is good or not, non-objective (abstract)

Giorgione

Sleeping Venus (1510); idealization of the female nude body

Neshat

Speechless (1996); women of Allah, gun barrel next to face, power of women when they seem powerless to Westerners

Childe

Summer Evening; uses the rule of thirds to shift the viewers eyes throughout the entire painting; depicts a woman sitting in the window with a flower pot on the sill

Quinn

Support (2017); global warming -> flooding of Venice, hands are modeled from his children's hands, the next generation of children will suffer

Frankenthaler

The Bay; the painting reveals the fluid qualities of acrylics

Caravaggio

The Cardsharps; the painting in which the one younger and richer man is being scammed by two other lower class men during a game of cards

Blume

The Eternal City; painting of Rome which criticizes the tyranny of the Nazis and other dictators

Roland

The Jumpsuit Project; performance art in which the artist where's prison robes everywhere

Yeats

The Lake Isle of Innisfree; a poem that emphasizes the simple life and how the heart is at the core of every person

Drost

The Polish Rider; the value of this painting dropped significantly due to new evidence that stated that the piece was not painted by Rembrandt

Munch

The Scream; painting is worth $120 million

Rousseau

The Sleeping Gypsy; self taught painter

Velasquez

The Toilet of Venus; was sliced by a feminist

words

The artist Jenny Holzer created an illusion of motion using a spiraling electronic message board to create a piece of art made up of:

Elements

The basic vocabulary of art.

Picabia

The blessed Virgin; painted by a Dadaist painter whose purpose is to break all norms of the art world

a stuffed goat

The focal point of Robert Rauschenberg's sculpture Monogram is:

organic

The human figure communicates the rich experience of humanity, and artists emulate this experience using this kind of form: pg. 69

In a work of art "content" refers to:

The message that is communicated

foreshortening

The method whereby rules of perspective are applied to represent unusual points of view is called: pg. 98

To evaluate a work of art properly we must deal with it in the context of:

The society that produce it

beauty and stability

The symmetrical design of the building that we know as the Taj Mahal carries associations of:

cross-hatching

The technique in which an artist creates a series of closely arranged parallel lines that is overlapped by another set of parallel strokes to create a sense of value is called: pg. 86

bas relief

There are two kinds of relief sculpture: a pronounced surface treatment called high relief, and a shallow surface low relief called ________. pg. 71

Nazca Lines

These huge 1,300-year-old South American drawings, which include an enormous image of a spider, were discovered in modern times by overflying commercial aircraft. pg. 48

black and white

These two values are at the extreme ends of a value range. pg. 84

Vasilev

They Are Writing about Us in Pravda; painting that idealized the life of rural farmers as part of a Soviet propaganda campaign

Brunelleschi

This Italian artist was the first to define a formal system of linear perspective. pg. 93

Shepard Fairey

This artist used contrasting positive and negative shapes to create his "Obey" campaign, an expression of guerrilla marketing and street theater. pg. 62

André Masson

This artist would sometimes go for days without food or sleep in an attempt to explore the deep-rooted sources of creativity and truth. pg. 53

tempo

This attribute of time is a measurement of the speed at which time elapses.

blue

This color with a cool temperature is often used to describe a depressed psychological state of mind. pg. 112

mass

This element of art is used to describe the solidity of a form, such as that of the colossal Olmec heads. pg. 75

volume

This element of art is used to describe the usable interior space of an architectural form. pg. 73

the Sphinx

This famous object is the largest carving in the world created from a single stone. pg. 68

color wheel

This is a kind of color "map" that allows an artist to assess quickly the attributes of colors as they relate to each other. pg. 102

multi-point

This kind of perspective is best used when the artist is confronted by a complex scene in which the viewpoint is not at ground level. pg. 97

geometric

This kind of shape is mathematically regular and precise. pg. 60

a bicycle wheel mounted on a stool

This object by French artist Marcel Duchamp is considered the first work of kinetic sculpture.

performance art

This type of art involves viewing actual motion and the artist's body in the work.

isometric

This type of perspective is used by computer- and video-game designers because it allows them to create depth using parallel diagonal lines. pg. 91

Artists have traditionally made objects or images to satisfy a purely aesthetic function, but many of today's artists make work for a different reason. What is it?

To address moral, social or political dilemmas

List one role of an artist found in the text.

To see the world in a different way.

Aesthetics is defined as the urge to respond:

To that which we find beautiful

Pearlstein

Two Female Models in the Studio (1967); the attention to the anatomy and lighting and the color scheme takes out the erotic content associated with a traditional female nude

Botticelli

Venus and Mars; egg tempera and oil on polar painting; painting shows how love triumphs over war

strength

Vertical lines tend to communicate: pg. 57

JR

Video still from Women are Heroes: Favela Morro da Providencia; (2010); eyes and faces of people on the side of homes in Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Lin

Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982); made with black granite and was underground so people had negative connotations about it, also built a second memorial to appease soldiers

Cimabue

Virgin and Child Enthroned; tempera and gold painting on wood

Carter

Vulture and Child in Sudan (1993); child is starving and a vulture is waiting to eat it

pyramid

What is an example of a form? pg. 67

leaf

What is not a geometric form? pg. 68

The artist's relation to the public quite often depends upon:

What the artist is trying to say

expressive

When Paul Gauguin painted his work The Yellow Christ he chose the color yellow for its __________ qualities. pg. 115-116

radial

When Tibetan Buddhist monks create a sand mandala, they are creating a composition that has this kind of balance:

Hanson

Woman with a Purse; life size totally realistic fiberglass "counterfeits" of real people; example of realism

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Wrapped Reichstag; a type of conceptual art where the artists wrapped building with fabric

Pointillism

a late nineteenth-century painting style using short strokes or points of differing colors that optically combine to form new perceived colors.

Glaze

a liquid mixture of clay, water, and chemical compounds that will give the object and a gas like finish.

Line

a mark, or implied mark, between two endpoints.

Woodcut

a print created from an incised piece of wood.

Woodblock

a relief print process where the image is carved into a block of wood.

Additive sculpture

a sculpting process in which the artist builds a form by adding material.

Fresco

a technique where the artist paints onto freshly applied plaster.

Shape

a two-dimensional area the boundaries of which are defined by lines or suggested by changes in color or value.

Mass

a volume that has, or gives the illusion of having, weight, density, and bulk.

Pattern

an arrangement of predictably repeated elements.

Triptych

an artwork compromising three painted or carved panels, normally joined together and sharing a common theme.

Impression

an individual print, or pull, from a printing press.

Form

an object that can be defined in three dimensions (height, width, length).

Freestanding/in the round

any sculpture that stands separate from walls or other surfaces so that it can be viewed from a 360-degree range.

Stained-glass window

colored glass used for windows or decorative applications.

Secondary colors

colors fixed from two primary colors. Orange, green, and violet.

Tertiary colors

colors that can be mixed from a secondary and a primary color.

The School of Athens

combines one point perspective and two point perspective one composition.

Gestalt

complete order of indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design.

Cummings

l(a; poem that has a structure that represents the path of a leaf falling

Hieronymus Bosch

most famous for his painted triptych Garden of Earthly Delights.

The Circus

paints a scene of lively entertainment, imbued with bright color and texture through the use of small dots.

The Scream

presents a ghoul-like figure on a bridge, with a vibrant red sky in the background.

Conceptual unity

refers to the cohesive expression of ideas within a work of art.

Hierarchical scale

refers to the deliberate use of relative size a work in order to communicate differences in importance.

The Third of May, 1808

the artist portrays the execution of Spaniards who had resisted the occupation of their country by the French army of European Napoleon.

Albrecht Durer

the artist that created Four Horseman of the Apocalypse.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

the artist that created La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge.

Pablo Picasso

the artist that created Las Meninas.

Louise Bourgeois

the artist that created Maman.

Caravaggio

the artist that created The Calling of St. Matthew.

Georges Seurat

the artist that created The Circus.

Raphael

the artist that created The School of Athens.

Francisco Goya

the artist that created The Third of May, 1808.

Focal point

the center of interest or activity in a work of art, ofter drawing the viewer's attention to the most important element.

Space

the distance between identifiable points or planes.

Camera obscura

was an early form of a camera.

different shapes and colors

A good example of variety in a work would be:

Encaustic

A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot.

texture

A slick cold surface of a finely finished metal object, the rough-hewn splintery character of a broken branch, and the pebbly surface of a rocky beach are all examples of this element of art: pg. 77

Tempera

A technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, and dries very quickly. The yolk gives the painting a luminescent look.

the elements have conceptual unity

A work can still display unity, even if none of the visual elements has anything in common, if:

magenta

Bioartist Suzanne Anker experiments with creating artificial environments (such as the conditions suitable for life in outer space) in which she grows plants. In Astroculture (Shelf Life), 2009, she found that the plants' leaves turned:

Marin

Blue Mountain on the Circle Drive Near Taos; famous watercolor piece

Mondrian

Broadway Boogie Woogie; displays a sense of line with bright colors

analogous

By using this kind of color combination, artists avoid jarring, contrasting color and mood. pg. 107

What is the chief form of art in Islamic cultures.

Calligraphy

Wyeth

Christina's World; tempera painting of a woman in a meadow

The imagery in Faith Ringgold's God Bless America was inspired by the:

Civil Rights movement in the 1960s.

our perception of a color is influenced by the color next, or adjacent, to it

Color deception occurs when: pg. 113

additive

Color mixtures using light, for example those in digital displays, are called __________ color mixtures. pg. 105

Weiwei

Colored Vases; painted over historical urns

atmospheric perspective

Contemporary filmmakers use this effect to give the illusion of great depth, even when the scene is in a limited space. pg. 89-90

Michelangelo

Creation of Adam; Famous painting of the biblical story of the beginning of man.

Bougereau

Cupid and Psyche as children; a kitsch art piece that seemed to have bad taste but most audiences enjoy it

Johns

Flag (Moratorium); green and orange painting of the US flag

Margoles

Flag Series; flags are dyed with the blood of narco crime victims

organic and geometric form

Frank Gehry's design for the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, uses contrasts of: pg. 78

Rockwell

Freedom from Want; an iconic representation of the American family during World War II

O'Keeffe

Ghost Ranch Cliffs; painting of a new mexico landscape

Wesselmann

Great American Nude; pop art picture of a women who is nude with a telephone

Sullivan

Guaranty (Prudential) Building; the shape of the building resembles a stack of coins and the overall rectangular shape reveals that it is a bank

Picasso

Guernica (1937); depicts the bombing of bystanding civilians in the Spanish Civil War

Jordan

Gyre (2009); made from 2.4 million plastic pieces, represents the pollution in the Pacific

Ofili

Holy Virgin Mary (1996); caused an uproar due to the image of Mary being portrayed with elephant dung

Jan van Eyck's painting "The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini" depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. The use or study of these symbols is called:

Iconography

Monet

Impression Sunrise; a painting that looks like a sketch with wonderful effects to mimic the light on water

St. Anthony (three times), a centaur, and St. Paul

In The Meeting of St. Anthony and St. Paul, by the workshop of the fifteenth-century artist known as the Master of Osservanza, there are five figures. These five figures are:

Parmigianino

Madonna with the Long Neck; an example of mannerism (a painting with an attitude), which shows unresolved figures and unanswered questions

unity

In his work The Flagellation, Piero della Francesca communicates a mood of detachment and contemplation by using this principle of design.

directional

In the work The Connectors, the artist James Allen uses this kind of line to draw the viewer's attention to the great height that faced the builders of the Empire State Building. pg. 55 & 57

Each answer shown is correct

Katsushika Hokusai's print "The Great Wave Off Shore at Kanagawa" uses compositional unity in which of these ways?

Arnatt

Keith Arnatt is an Artist; an example of Lettrism

Duchamp

L.H.O.O.Q.; desecrated the Mona Lisa by painting a mustache on her face, means "she has a hot ass"

Yuanqi

Landscape after Wu Zhen; famous hanging scroll with ink painting

Ingres

Large Odalisque (1814); portrait of a prostitute idealized by the addition of three extra vertebrae

Michelangelo

Last Judgement; fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel with over 400 figures in it

Da Vinci

Last Supper; this painting is the first to represent recognizably human figures with understandable facial expressions

Michelangelo

Libyan Sibyl; fresco painting on the Sistine Chapel ceiling

demarcate boundaries imply direction give a sense of surface indicate movement

Line can be used as a tool to: pg. 49

Renoir

Luncheon of the Boating Party; shows how impressionists celebrated the ordinary

Giotto

Madonna Enthroned; credited with creating a realistic portrayal of figures from nature in religious art

Cimabue

Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels; piece uses tempera which gives it radiance

Raphael

Madonna della Sedia; painting with an embellished gold frame

Van Eyck

Madonna of Chancellor Rolin; detailed oil painting by the Master of Oil

Fresco

Pigment mixed with water is applied to a lime-plaster surface; two types: buon fresco (good fresco) which is more permanent and durable, and fresco secco (dry fresco)

Serrano

Piss Christ (1987); caused an uproar because the figure of Jesus was painted with the urine of the artist

Gericault

Raft of the Medusa (1819); ideal muscular bodies (powerful mind and spirit), survived by cannibalism and wine, African man on top (questions slavery)

Neshat

Rapture (1999)

Valadon

Reclining Nude (1928); the image of the nude woman is not as idealized as other nudes and shows the true form of the woman

nerve cells

Reflected light excites ________ that line the back of our eyes, and their signals are reprocessed and interpreted as color in our brains. pg. 101-102

Jan Van Eyck's "The Ghent Altarpiece" illustrates a type of art called ____ art.

Representational

Naturalistic or figurative art is sometimes used to describe:

Representational art

Weiwei

S.A.C.R.E.D.; series of dioramas of the artist's time in prison and how he was always closely watched by the guards

two primary colors

Secondary colors can be created from a mixture of: pg. 103

Color pencil

contains more wax and pigment than graphite pencils.

True or False: All works of art include iconography.

false

True or False: Animism depicts animals in representational art.

false

True or False: Michelangelo "David" came under attack at first viewing because it symbolized the hand of God.

false

Ceramics

fire-hardened clay, often painted, and normally sealed with shiny protective coating.

Two-dimensional

having height and width.

Three-dimensional

having height, width, and depth.

Monumental scale

having massive or impressive scale; appear larger than they would in real life.

Unity

the imposition of order and harmony on a design.

Value

the lightness or darkness of a plane or area.

Subtractive sculpting

the methodical removal of material to produce a sculptural form.

Color

the optical effect caused when reflected white light of the spectrum is divided into separate wavelengths.

Composition

the overall design or organization of a work.

Emphasis

the principle of drawing attention to a particular content within a work.

Rhythm

the regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work.

Volume

the space filled or enclosed by a three-dimensional figure or object.

Texture

the surface quality of a work, for example fine/coarse, detailed/lacking in details.

Standing Woman

this sculpture was owned by Tristan Tzara who was a friend of Picasso and this tribal figure influenced many modern painters at the time

Oil

this type of paint is used during the middle ages and used a linseed binder; flexible, slow drying, and can be blended days after application, allowing for smooth effects and fine detail

Primary colors

three basic colors from which all others are derived. Red, yellow, and blue.

True or False: Abstract art may or may not have a theme from the real world.

true

True or False: According to Sayre, the process of "seeing" is both physical and mental.

true

True or False: Andy Warhol's style of art is called Pop Art.

true

True or False: In 1863, because of its modernity, Manet's "Luncheon on the Grass" was rejected by the public.

true

True or False: The purpose of an aesthetic object is to stimulate a sense of beauty.

true

The Calling of St. Matthew

uses strongly contrasting values to convert a quiet gathering into a pivotal and powerful event.