Exam 1 Drugs and Behavior (Ch 4 Quiz)
The brain's majorr inhibitory neurotransmitter is
GABA
What happens to the ion gates when the membrane of a neuron starts to be depolarized?
Sodium gates open.
The neurotransmitter that is active at the neuromuscular junction is _
acetylcholine
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the
action potential
A drug would prevent an action potential if it:
blocks the movement of sodium across the membrane.
The transmission of information at the synapse is
chemical
Negatively charged ions like ____ are mostly located outside the cell.
chloride
Which of the following is the correct order of transmission of information within a neuron?
dendrite, cell body, axon
A neuron can have any number of ____, but no more than one ____.
dendrites; axon
Nodes of Ranvier are:
gaps in the myelin of axons.
The myelin on a neuron acts as _
insulation
Chemicals are released by axons:
into the junction between neurons.
The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n.
myelin sheaths
The resting potential is mainly the result of:
negatively charged proteins inside the cell.
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.
peripheral
__________, a part of neurons, are contact points for communication between neurons.
synapses
Which function is NOT performed by glia?
transmitting information
Professor Bouchard asks her psychopharmacology students, "What causes neurons to maintain a resting potential?" Who gives the correct answer?
"Negatively charged proteins within the neuron, coupled with closed Na+ ion channels."
A presynaptic terminal is also known as:
a synaptic button
The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n)
action potential
Substances that stimulate receptor sites are known as __________.
agonists
A compound that occupies a receptor but does not activate the neuron is known as a(n) _____
antagonist
Dendrites ____.
are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends
The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the
axon
Where do most action potentials in motor neurons begin?
axon hillock
Neurotransmitters are released from the
axon terminal
The all-or-none law applies to:
axons
The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called:
dendrites
Which of the following is not a monoamine?
endorphin
Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to modulate pain relief?
endorphin
A receptor that increases the likelihood of a neuron firing is considered to be _
excitatory
Which of the following is an amino acid neurotransmitter?
glutamate
A greater amount of branching on dendrites allows them to:
have a larger surface area available for receiving information from other neurons.
During saltatory conductance, action potentials ____.
jump from one unmyelinated segment of the axon to the next
A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers
more neurons to fire, and to fire more often.
A ___________ is the basic working unit of the central nervous system.
neuron
Dendrites are branching extensions of
neurons
The two kinds of cells in the nervous system are:
neurons and glia
The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called
neurotransmitters
Reuptake refers to the
reabsorption of neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.
Neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft bind to ____.
receptors
Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their:
shape
The action potential of a neuron depends mostly on what movement of ions?
sodium ions entering the cell
The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the
somatic and autonomic nervous system
Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the
synaptic gaps
The central nervous system consists of
the brain and the spinal cord.
An axon is
the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.
The resting potential of a neuron refers to:
the net negative charge on the inside of the neuron.
The neuron will produce an action potential only if the depolarization exceeds what level?
the threshold of excitation
Neurotransmitters are stored in packages known as __________
vesicles