Exam 1 Global Ecology

The concentrations of CO2 are higher now than in

B) 3 million years

There is no scenario that keeps us below 2˚C that does not involve steep and immediate reductions in emissions

True

Which factor is a determinant of the absence of trees in North American prairie A) grazing B) rocky soil C) excess precipitation D) soils that will not support trees

A) grazing

Birds have a Type III survivorship curve because most individuals die very young True False

False

Evolutionary ecology is the study of exponential growth of organisms when resources are not limiting. True False

False

The photon flux density is highest in the mid-latitudes because of the tilt of the Earth on its axis A) true B) false

False

An example of convergent evolution is The rock hyrax and the elephant Milkweed, Cactus, and Euphorb Rabbits in North America and rats in Europe The hummingbird and monarch butterfly

Milkweed, Cactus, and Euphorb

Pick all that are true Natural selection is always directional Natural selection selects for adaptive phenotypes Not all features are adaptive Adaptations are integrated

Not All features are adaptive Adaption are integrated

Carbon emissions are presently the cause of global climate change but such emissions played a role in the fourth great extinction the third and fourth great extinction all five of the great extinctions of the geological record only the end-Permian extinction when >96% of species went extinct

all five of the great extinctions of the geological record

Developed nations have the largest carbon footprint the most built up land the largest ecological footprint all of the above none of the above

all of the above

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the increased flux of carbon into the atmosphere has been primarily because of ________. burning of fossil fuels deforestation desertification addition of fertilizers to the soil addition of phosphate in detergents

burning of fossil fuels

The marmot and the rock hyrax are examples of ________. A) divergent evolution B) parallel evolution C) endangered species D) extinct species E) convergent evolution

convergent evolution

Which factor is not a characteristic of tropical seasonal forests A) dry season less than 2 months B) warm, sometimes wet C) constant temperatures throughout the year D) high biodiversity

dry season less than 2 months

Dead zones such as the one in the Gulf of Mexico are caused by A) overfishing B) excess nutrients from agriculture C) the Deepwater Horizon oil spill D) red tide

excess nutrients from agriculture

In the Hadley Cell the winds blow A) from west to east B) intermittently and only in the dry season C) from east to west D) constantly, but especially at night because of convection

from east to west

The fundamental functional unit in evolutionary ecology is populations ecosystems communities individuals

individuals

Afforestation is A) replanting trees that have been cut down B) preserving old growth forest C) planting trees where they typically do not grow D) a forestry practice that helps trees grow faster

planting trees where they typically do not grow

Most natural capital is in the form of fossil fuels and minerals because they generate the most financial capital fossil fuels and forests because they generate the most financial capital forests and agriculture because they are renewable non-renewable resources renewable resources

renewable resources

Species evenness is the relative abundance of a species in a community the number of alleles of a given type within a population the number of alleles of a given type within a community the total number of species in a sample the abundance of a species in an ecosystem

the relative abundance of a species in a community

The most productive natural biome is A) boreal forest B) tropical dry forest C) tropical rainforest D) wetlands

tropical rainforest