Exam 17 Review

Chemotherapy and radiation are given in cycles of

3-4 weeks

What symptom is typical of ovarian cancer?

Abdominal distention

A mammogram is a what?

The use of x-ray to find tumors

Mild anemia is indicated by Hemoglobin levels of what range?

10-14 g/dl

What is cancer?

A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Heavy, frequent consumption of alcohol may contribute to all of the following cancer(s) except:

Cervical

Anti-metabolites most often work in what phase of cell synthesis?

Synthesis phase

A female client with carcinoma of the breast is admitted to the hospital for treatment with intravenous vincristine (Oncovin). The client tells the nurse that she has been told by her friends that she is going to lose all her hair. The nurse makes which appropriate response to the client?

"Hair loss may occur, and it will grow back, but it may have a different color or texture."

The patient informs the hospice nurse, "I'm not sold on this hospice thing. I'm not looking for Jesus, I'm just dying." The most therapeutic response by the nurse would be:

"Hospice service is about how to make your remaining time meaningful."

A client with lung cancer says to the nurse, "I'm sick and tired of my family telling me not to worry and that a cure will be discovered before I know it." The most therapeutic response by the nurse is:

"You're feeling angry that your family is hoping for a cure?"

What are the normal ranges of thrombocytes?

150,000-400,000

What does not increase lung cancer risk, but increases risk of cancer of the mouth, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus?

Smokeless Tobacco

A client is receiving external radiation to the neck for cancer of the larynx. The nurse plans care knowing that the most likely side effect to be expected is:

Sore throat

Your 68 year old female patient weighs 165lbs. Upon admission 1 week ago she weighed 67kgs. She is currently in renal failure, secondary to stage 4 esophageal cancer in the lower third of her esophagus and is awaiting an esophagogastrectomy. The provider wants to prescribe morphine for round the clock pain management but he only began his internship 2 weeks ago and is unsure of how he should order the medication. Which of these is the best choice?

50ml NS w/ 100 mg morphine to be delivered over 24 hrs

A nurse is instructed to initiate bleeding precautions on a client receiving an antineoplastic medication intravenously. The nurse reviews the laboratory results and would expect to note which of the following?

A platelet count of 70,000 cells/dL

The only definitive way to determine the presence of malignant cells is to perform

A tissue biopsy

A nursing diagnosis of "Impaired Tissue Integrity" is identified for your patient. What would a nursing intervention consist of? (Select all that apply)

Administer prescribed medication such as fluconazole, Provide meticulous mouth care

When is the best time to perform a self-exam for testicular cancer?

After a shower

Out of the following drugs which one doesn't treat nausea?

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A carcinogen is defined as:

Any cancer causing substance

The only way ensure malignancy is with a tissue biopsy. What types of biopsies used? (Select all that apply):

Aspiration, Incisional, Excisional

A cervical radiation implant is placed in the client for treatment of cervical cancer. What activity order would the nurse most likely expect to note in the physician's orders?

Bed rest

Subdivisions of chemotherapy drugs include which of the following: (select all that apply)

Cell cycle-nonspecific, Cell cycle-specific

The National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society have issued the following guidelines for cancer prevention, which is not one of them?

Consume lots of red meats, especially processed meats which are high in fat

The hospice nurse clarifies that hospice service is initiated when what type of treatment is no longer effective?

Curative

__________ is a mouth inflammation caused by destruction of normal cells in the oral cavity.

Stomatitis

Males should undergo the following screening exams for cancer related check-ups (select all that apply):

Digital rectal exam, PSA blood test, Monthly self-examination of the testes

A nurse is caring for a client with an internal radiation implant. When caring for the client, the nurse should observe which principle?

Do not allow pregnant women into the client's room

Why is it important to get the client's weight before starting anti-neoplastic?

Drug treatment is often based on the client's weight

Which are types of Radiation Therapy categories? (Select all that apply)

External, Internal

True or False. Antineoplastic drugs are some of the most toxic medications given to patients because they cause the regeneration of cancerous cells along with the normal cells.

False

True or False. When dealing with cancer of the esophagus, 90% are basal cell carcinomas associated with alcohol abuse and smoking.

False

True or False: Children and pregnant women are allowed to visit people that are undergoing radiation treatment.

False

True or False: Environmental factors are the leading cause of lung cancer.

False

True or False: Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females.

False

What are the goals of hospice service? (Select all that apply.)

Focusing on patient desires in the plan of care, Alleviating symptoms of approaching death, Educating and supporting primary caregivers, Using family input for designing a plan of care, Encouraging patients and caregivers to enjoy life

What is a potentially serious change in bladder habits that may indicate cancer?

Frequent, low-volume urination with a less forceful stream

Cisplatin works by:

Interfering with DNA replication

The hospice nurse explains to the family that the overall objective of hospice service is to:

Keep the patient comfortable as death approaches

A 12 year old male patient reports to your clinic for a yearly cancer screening. The patient states that his identical twin died from a disease but he is unsure of the diagnosis. Knowing this demographic what is this patient at higher risk for?

Leukemia

A female client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. Which of the following is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?

Liver

_________ is the leading cause of cancer related death in both men and women.

Lung cancer

A nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer who is close to death. In reviewing the plan of care, the nurse determines that a priority is to:

Maintain the client's dignity and self-esteem and make the client as comfortable as possible

Radiation therapy is used (select all that apply):

May be used when the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, Is a therapy modality for 60% of cancer patients

As the nurse, you know that Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency. All of the following are prevention measure to avoid TLS except:

NPO

At the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, which of the following areas is often involved?

Neck

As the nurse on the oncology ward you know that all of the following are warning sign of cancer except one.

Numbness and tingling of the fingers

Gardasil, the papillomavirus vaccine, has been known to prevent what types of cancer: (Select all that apply)

Oropharyngeal, Cervical, Penile, Anal

A patient is coming in to the lab to get blood drawn to determine the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment. As the nurse you know what lab will be drawn?

PSA

Many different blood studies are currently being evaluated to determine their usefulness in cancer screening and diagnosis. CA-19-9 antigen aids in determining which cancer?

Pancreatic

Foods that reduce cancer risk include all of the following except:

Peanuts

A client is tentatively diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The nurse gathers data about which late manifestation(s) of this disease?

Pelvic pain, anemia, and ascites

This process, also known as leukopheresis, is an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.

Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant (PSCT)

A nurse is participating in a health screening clinic and is preparing teaching materials about colorectal cancer. The nurse would plan to include which most important risk factor for colorectal cancer in the material?

Personal history of ulcerative colitis or gastrointestinal polyps

Cachexia is described as which of the following?

Poor health, malnutrition, and wasting

A nurse is preparing a client with a bowel tumor for surgery. The physician has informed the client that the surgery is palliative in the treatment of the tumor. The nurse understands that this type of surgery is performed to:

Reduce pain

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy and develops a plan of care for the client. The nurse plans to:

Restrict visitor's access

One patient has cancer of the bone; another has cancer in the connective tissues of his leg muscles; a third patient has cancer in her vascular tissues. These patients have in common a type of tumor referred to as a:

Sarcoma

A 34-year-old female client is requesting information about mammograms and breast cancer. She isn't considered at high risk for breast cancer. What should the nurse tell this client?

She should eat a low-fat diet to further decrease her risk of breast cancer

Which is the "standardization" of clinical staging of cancer?

TNM Classification System

The nurse is preparing for a female client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the following would pose a threat to the client?

The client wears a watch and wedding band

The term Cancer Cachexia means what?

The wasting away due to chemotherapy

The T in the acronym caution, the acronym used for identifying risk factors for cancer stands for:

Thickening

A nurse is helping prepare instructions for a client who has developed stomatitis following the administration of a course of antineoplastic medications. Which of the following instructions does the nurse suggest to include in the plan of care?

To rinse the mouth with diluted baking soda or saline

True or False : Most cancer drugs have a low therapeutic index, which means there is a fine line between therapeutic and toxic levels.

True

True or False: Chemotherapy is a term for the application of antineoplastic drugs.

True

The Hospice Team includes (Select all that apply):

Volunteer & Bereavement Coordination, Nurse Coordinator, Social Worker, Medical Director, Spiritual Coordinator

A patient undergoing chemotherapy is complaining of sore mouth ulcerations. As the PN, you would expect the physician to prescribe:

Xylocaine

Chemotherapy affects cells that multiply rapidly the most. Which of these are rapidly dividing cells? (Select all that apply).

Hair follicles, GI System, Bone Marrow Cells

Bone Marrow Transplantation is the process of replacing diseased or damaged bone marrow, it is typically:

Harvested by needle aspiration from the iliac crest

In order to detect cancers in the earlier, most treatable stages, males above the age of 50 should (select all that apply):

Have a digital rectal exam, Perform self-examinations of the testes, Be tested for prostate specific antigen

Side effects of Tumor Lysis Syndrome include (Select all that apply):

Hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia

A nurse inspects the skin of a client receiving external radiation therapy and documents a finding noted as moist desquamation. The nurse understands that moist desquamation is best described as which of the following?

Weeping of the skin

Some factors that influence an individual's likeliness to develop cancer are unchangeable, select all that apply.

Hereditary, Age, Gender