exam 2

Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents

a decision rule

A decision maker's actions should be guided by

a goal

A ____ is an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal

coalition

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?

command

In which stage is the group considered to be mature?

control and organization

Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?

control: measure and adjust

Being able to see similarities between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ____

convergent

____ groups always include members with different areas of expertise.

cross-functional

According to the rational decision-making approved, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?

evaluate alternatives

What is a relatively new role for managers in teams?

facilitator

Which of the following is an alternative work arrangement in which an employee is given more control over the times worked on a typical workday?

flextime

Participation occurs when employees

have a voice in decisions about their own work

When cohesiveness is ___ and norms are highly compatible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest.

high

An ____ is a person who engages in leadership activities, but whose rights to do so has not been formally recognized.

informal leader

____ is an essential component of all groups.

interaction

the first widespread model that addressed how individual work should be designed focused on

job specialization

_______ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior.

motivation

according to Herzberg ____ factors are intrinsic to the job and increase satisfaction.

motivation

A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following?

overall organizational goals

Goal specificity is consistently related to

performance

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ____ needs are people's most basic requirements.

physiological

a performance bonus is an example of

positive reinforcement

Which of the following distributes a portion of the company's profits to all employees at a predetermined rate?

profit-sharing program

It is possible for the same decision to be ____ for an experienced manager and nonprogrammer for a more junior manager.

programmed

During the ____ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance, and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail.

reality and unrest

For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne?

relatedness

____ is a reward system commonly found in team environments, where recipients are required to acquire?

skill-based pay

_____ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, according to the job characteristics theory.

task identity

According to the human relations approach to motivation, offering employees ___ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.

the illusion of self-direction

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment?

two-factor theory

The primary job of ___ is to create new products, processes, or businesses.

venture teams

According to equity theory, people

want to be treated fairly

The two-factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?

Frederick Herzberg

Creative thinking is enhanced by which of the following?

all these are correct

Telecommunicating is an example of an organization using

alternative employees

____ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be make in a partially irrational manner

bounded rationality

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ____ thinking

divergent