exam 2
Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents
a decision rule
A decision maker's actions should be guided by
a goal
A ____ is an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal
coalition
Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?
command
In which stage is the group considered to be mature?
control and organization
Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?
control: measure and adjust
Being able to see similarities between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ____
convergent
____ groups always include members with different areas of expertise.
cross-functional
According to the rational decision-making approved, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?
evaluate alternatives
What is a relatively new role for managers in teams?
facilitator
Which of the following is an alternative work arrangement in which an employee is given more control over the times worked on a typical workday?
flextime
Participation occurs when employees
have a voice in decisions about their own work
When cohesiveness is ___ and norms are highly compatible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest.
high
An ____ is a person who engages in leadership activities, but whose rights to do so has not been formally recognized.
informal leader
____ is an essential component of all groups.
interaction
the first widespread model that addressed how individual work should be designed focused on
job specialization
_______ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior.
motivation
according to Herzberg ____ factors are intrinsic to the job and increase satisfaction.
motivation
A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following?
overall organizational goals
Goal specificity is consistently related to
performance
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ____ needs are people's most basic requirements.
physiological
a performance bonus is an example of
positive reinforcement
Which of the following distributes a portion of the company's profits to all employees at a predetermined rate?
profit-sharing program
It is possible for the same decision to be ____ for an experienced manager and nonprogrammer for a more junior manager.
programmed
During the ____ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance, and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail.
reality and unrest
For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne?
relatedness
____ is a reward system commonly found in team environments, where recipients are required to acquire?
skill-based pay
_____ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, according to the job characteristics theory.
task identity
According to the human relations approach to motivation, offering employees ___ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.
the illusion of self-direction
Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment?
two-factor theory
The primary job of ___ is to create new products, processes, or businesses.
venture teams
According to equity theory, people
want to be treated fairly
The two-factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?
Frederick Herzberg
Creative thinking is enhanced by which of the following?
all these are correct
Telecommunicating is an example of an organization using
alternative employees
____ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be make in a partially irrational manner
bounded rationality
Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ____ thinking
divergent