Exam 2: Blood, Heart & Blood Vessels
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is
4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins
5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.
8,000
During ventricular systole, the
AV valves are closed.
________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia
Angina pectoris
________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate.
Bradycardia; tachycardia
What happens to the electrical impulse when it reaches the AV node?
It gets delayed.
Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve?
Its cusps open into the left ventricle.
Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's
P wave
The first heart sound, "lubb," is caused by the ________.
closing of the atrioventricular valves
The function of an atrium is to
collect blood then pump it to the ventricle
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
coronary
A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called
coronary artery bypass graft.
The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.
coronary artery disease
Any complete blockage within the coronary circulation will lead into a myocardial infarction (MI) or a heart attack. Which of the following will cause an MI?
coronary thrombosis
When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)
coronary thrombosis.
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
depolarization of the atria.
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called
diastole.
Which of the following describes what is directly measured by an ECG?
electrical conduction
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.
endocardium
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.
epicardium
The visceral pericardium is the same as the
epicardium
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the
foramen ovale
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
heart
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
in one direction only
During ventricular systole, the blood pressure __________ and ventricular volume __________.
increases; decreases
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
interatrial septum
The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.
interventricular septum
The AV node delay is beneficial because
it allows time for the atria to contract
Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps?
left AV valve
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
left atrium
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________.
left atrium
In mitral valve prolapse, the cusps of the mitral valve are pushed into the
left atrium.
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the
left coronary artery
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
left ventricle
An MI that affects the ________ side of the heart is more severe because it has to pump blood with ________ force.
left; more
The ________ side of the heart supplies blood to the systemic circuit, while the ________ side of the heart supplies blood to the pulmonary circuit.
left; right
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs
The coronary sulcus is a groove that
marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
Beginning with the right atrium, what is the order of the valves through which blood will pass?
tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, aortic valve
The ________ carry blood toward the heart.
veins
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular repolarization.
The epicardium is also known as the __________.
visceral pericardium
There are ________ pulmonary veins
4
The ________ carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
On an ECG, what phase of the cardiac cycle is masked by the QRS complex?
atrial repolarization
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
auricle
The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called
automaticity.
In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall.
balloon angioplasty
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
base.
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located
between left atrium and left ventricle
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
bicuspid
With each ventricular systole,
blood pressure increases.
A slower-than-normal heart rate is called
bradycardia
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
cardiac muscle cells
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.
cardiac veins; right atrium
Rheumatic fever causes generalized inflammation of the heart called
carditis.
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
chordae tendineae
The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with
closing of the atrioventricular valves
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in
the sinoatrial node.
The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.
100,000
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.
QRS complex
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
QRS complex
Which of the following correctly lists the order of events in the conducting pathway?
SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which of the following is occurring during ventricular diastole?
The ventricles are passively filling and atria are contracting.
The adult heart is roughly the size of
a man's clenched fist
The left ventricle pumps blood to the
aorta
The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle.
aortic
The inferior point of the heart is called the
apex.
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the
mediastinum.
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
medulla oblongata.
Sam has been diagnosed with having pulmonary edema. Which heart valve is most likely malfunctioning and not closing properly?
mitral valve
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in
mitral valve prolapse
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called
murmurs.
The muscle layer of the heart is the
myocardium
The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium.
oxygenated; left
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.
oxygenated; left atrium
Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called
papillary muscles.
The heart lies within the ________ cavity.
pericardial
Contractions of the papillary muscles
prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
pulmonary valve.
The backward flow of blood from a ventricle to its atrium or from a outflow vessel to its ventricle is called
regurgitation
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
right and left lungs
Blood flowing in the vena cava will next enter the __________.
right atrium
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
right atrium
Coronary veins empty into the
right atrium
The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the
right ventricle
The basic heartrate established by the SA node is called the
sinus rhythm.
A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.
stent
Which division of the autonomic nervous system would increase heart rate?
sympathetic nervous system
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right atrium.
systemic
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called
systole.
A faster-than-normal heart rate is called
tachycardia
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
the coronary arteries.
