Exam 2: Blood, Heart & Blood Vessels

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

8,000

During ventricular systole, the

AV valves are closed.

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia

Angina pectoris

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate.

Bradycardia; tachycardia

What happens to the electrical impulse when it reaches the AV node?

It gets delayed.

Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve?

Its cusps open into the left ventricle.

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's

P wave

The first heart sound, "lubb," is caused by the ________.

closing of the atrioventricular valves

The function of an atrium is to

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary

A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called

coronary artery bypass graft.

The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.

coronary artery disease

Any complete blockage within the coronary circulation will lead into a myocardial infarction (MI) or a heart attack. Which of the following will cause an MI?

coronary thrombosis

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)

coronary thrombosis.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria.

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called

diastole.

Which of the following describes what is directly measured by an ECG?

electrical conduction

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.

epicardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

epicardium

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

foramen ovale

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

in one direction only

During ventricular systole, the blood pressure __________ and ventricular volume __________.

increases; decreases

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum

The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.

interventricular septum

The AV node delay is beneficial because

it allows time for the atria to contract

Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps?

left AV valve

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________.

left atrium

In mitral valve prolapse, the cusps of the mitral valve are pushed into the

left atrium.

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the

left coronary artery

Which chamber has the thickest wall?

left ventricle

An MI that affects the ________ side of the heart is more severe because it has to pump blood with ________ force.

left; more

The ________ side of the heart supplies blood to the systemic circuit, while the ________ side of the heart supplies blood to the pulmonary circuit.

left; right

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

Beginning with the right atrium, what is the order of the valves through which blood will pass?

tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, aortic valve

The ________ carry blood toward the heart.

veins

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization.

The epicardium is also known as the __________.

visceral pericardium

There are ________ pulmonary veins

4

The ________ carry blood away from the heart.

arteries

On an ECG, what phase of the cardiac cycle is masked by the QRS complex?

atrial repolarization

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

auricle

The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called

automaticity.

In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall.

balloon angioplasty

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

base.

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

between left atrium and left ventricle

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

bicuspid

With each ventricular systole,

blood pressure increases.

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called

bradycardia

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells

The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.

cardiac veins; right atrium

Rheumatic fever causes generalized inflammation of the heart called

carditis.

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

closing of the atrioventricular valves

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

the sinoatrial node.

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

100,000

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

Which of the following correctly lists the order of events in the conducting pathway?

SA node, internodal pathway, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is occurring during ventricular diastole?

The ventricles are passively filling and atria are contracting.

The adult heart is roughly the size of

a man's clenched fist

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle.

aortic

The inferior point of the heart is called the

apex.

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

mediastinum.

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

medulla oblongata.

Sam has been diagnosed with having pulmonary edema. Which heart valve is most likely malfunctioning and not closing properly?

mitral valve

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

mitral valve prolapse

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called

murmurs.

The muscle layer of the heart is the

myocardium

The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium.

oxygenated; left

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

oxygenated; left atrium

Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called

papillary muscles.

The heart lies within the ________ cavity.

pericardial

Contractions of the papillary muscles

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve.

The backward flow of blood from a ventricle to its atrium or from a outflow vessel to its ventricle is called

regurgitation

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

Blood flowing in the vena cava will next enter the __________.

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium

The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the

right ventricle

The basic heartrate established by the SA node is called the

sinus rhythm.

A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.

stent

Which division of the autonomic nervous system would increase heart rate?

sympathetic nervous system

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right atrium.

systemic

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called

systole.

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

tachycardia

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

the coronary arteries.