Exam 2 (chapters 4,5,6) (anatomy 1)

Osteoporosis is

a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

articular cartilage

Which of the following statements is true?

at puberty, much of the villus hair is replaced with terminal hair

A passage connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a

canaliculus

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis

papillary layer

When the arrector pill muscles contract

"goose bumps" form on the skin

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

Hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? 1. active transport 2. epithelium 3. simple columnar 4. columnar epithelium 5. cuboidal epithelium 6. squamous epithelium 7. secretion by exocytosis 8. movement of mucous across its surface

1, 2, 3, 4, 7

Which type of skin cancer is most common?

basal cell carcinoma

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,

body heat is conserved

Which of the following types of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix?

cartilage - highly vascular matrix

What type of cells for cartilage?

chondroblasts

Intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of

collagen

The stratum basale

contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells

On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from

dilation of blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks

Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

endochondral

Long bones grow in length at the

epiphyseal plate

The four primary tissue types are

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

The flat bones of the skull develop from

fibrous connective tissue

A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called

granulation tissue

A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a

greenstick practice

Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints

improve the grip of the hands

Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water and spring back to original shape after compression. They are found in

intervertebral discs

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid

is a good lubricant for joint cavities

The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is

jaundice

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are

lacunae

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?

langerhans cells

The activity of apocrine sweat glands

leads to body odor

What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

merocrine

What type of membranes line cavities that open to the outside and often contain mucous glands?

mucous

Nail cells are produced by the

nail matrix

Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called

neuroglia

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

on the surface of the bone

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

osteoblast and osteoclast activity

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

osteoclasts

Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely

parathyroid hormone

Keratinization

produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion

The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the

rule of nines

Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His was what type of burn?

second degree

Which of the following events occurs last?

secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses

Which of the following is correctly matched?

short bone - carpal bone

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be

simple cuboidal

If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of

simple squamous epithelium

Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of

smooth muscle

In which type of bone would trabecular be present?

spongy bone

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?

squamous epithelium - stretching

Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to

store adipose tissue

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells

stratum corneum

This layer is found only in thick skin.

stratum lucidum

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?

the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells