Exam 2
How many phalanges in each hand? 10 12 14 16 20
14
How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton? 200 206 212 227 250
206
At what age are all bones normally ossified? at birth 5 years 15 years 25 years
25 years
The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist? 1 2 3 4 5
3
The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is: 4% per year 15% per year 20% per year 25% per year No way to measure
4% per year
Which is more superior on the scapula. Infraspinous fossa Supraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa Acromion Scapular notch
Acromion
The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis. Wider Shallower Larger in the pelvic inlet Larger in the pelvic outlet All of the above
All of the above
The tibiofemoral joint includes: Femur condyles Condyles of the tibia Condyles of the fibula Both a and b All of the above
Both a and b
What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius? a. Joins the shafts of both bones b. Tendon attachment c. Site or bone repair Both a and b None of the above
Both a and b
What is the function of the pelvic girdle? a. Support for vertebral column b. Attachment site for lower limbs c. Aids in height Both a and b All of the above
Both a and b
Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles? a. Gluteal tuberosity b. Linea aspera c. Intertrochanteric crest d. Both a and b e. Both b and c
Both a and b
The hip joint is comprised of the: Femur Pelvic girdle Acetabulum Both a and b Both a and c
Both a and c
An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones? Calcitriol and human growth hormone Calcitonin and Calcitriol Human growth hormone and Parathyroid Parathyroid and Insulin Insulin and human growth hormone
Calcitonin and Calcitriol
Bone reduction: Is the alignment of Epiphyseal plates Can be open or closed Is followed by a period of mobilization Is the alignment of epiphyseal plates and can be open or closed All of the above
Can be open or closed
These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid: Volkmann's canals Haversian canals Osteons Canaliculi Periosteum
Canaliculi
Which is not a tarsal bone? Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuneiform Capitate
Capitate
Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton? Hyoid Ribs Vertebrae Carpals Sternum
Carpals
During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth? Calcium Vitamins Enzymes Sex hormones Human growth hormone
Enzymes
The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the: Epiphyseal line Greater tubercle Intertubercular sulcus Surgical neck Both a and c
Epiphyseal line
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length. Periosteum Distal epiphysis Nutrient foramen Articular cartilage Epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones. Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis Periosteum Marrow
Epiphysis
__________ is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone.
Epiphysis
This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve. Ethmoid Frontal Palatine Maxilla Temporal
Ethmoid
T/F: During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days.
False
T/F: Short bones have greater length than width.
False
T/F: The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone.
False
T/F: The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.
False
T/F: The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits.
False
T/F: The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong.
False
T/F: The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.
False
T/F: A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18.
False 18 for females 21 for males
T/F: The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.
False (axial)
T/F: A person's bones are usually ossified by age 16.
False, 18-21
T/F: In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme.
False, bone forms directly with mesenchyme
T/F: Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
False, vice versa
Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly? Females Males Both genders The coccyx does not point inferiorly in either gender
Females
__________ are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone.
Lacunae
Which is found medially? Lesser trochanter Greater trochanter Scaphoid Radius Styloid process of radius
Lesser trochanter
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along: Horizontal to the metaphysis Parallel to the epiphysis Lines of stress Randomly between the Epiphyseal plate Parallel to blood vessels
Lines of stress
Which type of bone is the femur? Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Sesamoid bone
Long bone
Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing? Chlorine Sulfur Magnesium Both Chlorine and Sulfur All of the above
Magnesium
This is a structure of a long bone that stores energy. Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis Periosteum Marrow
Marrow
This facial bone articulates with teeth: Lacrimal Palatine Vomer Maxillae Nasal
Maxillae
This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join. Epiphyseal plate Epiphyseal line Metaphysis Diaphyseal line Diaphyseal plate
Metaphysis
On the proximal end of the humerus is found: The capitulum The radial fossa The trochlea All of the above None of the above
None of the above
The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called: Pubic symphysis Bony pelvis Pelvic girdle Acetabulum None of the above
None of the above
The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle. Conical tuberosity Acromial tuberosity Costal extremity All of the above None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following receives the trochlea of the humerus? Olecranon Coronoid process Both a and b None of the above
None of the above
This is the largest foramen in the skeleton Acetabulum Obturator foramen Vertebral foramen Cranial foramen foramen magnum
Obturator foramen
Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull? Parietal Frontal Mandible Occipital Maxilla
Occipital
Which of the following is not a facial bone? Vomer Palatine Lacrimal Occipital Mandible
Occipital
These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae. Mastoid processes Temporomandibular joint Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Sella turcica
Occipital condyles
What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae? Primary projection Occular process Odontoid process Cervical projection Cervix
Odontoid process
Which is found in the elbow? Acromion Surgical neck Olecranon Lesser tubercle Both a and c
Olecranon
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called: Rheumatics Podiatry Orthopedics Cardiology Interologist
Orthopedics
These are considered bone-building cells. Osteogenic Osteoclast Oscteocytes Osteoblasts All of the above
Osteoblasts
These are considered bone-dissolving cells: Osteogenic Osteoclast Oscteocytes Osteoblasts All of the above
Osteoclast
Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized. Osteoblast, osteogenic, osteocytes Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes Osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoblast Osteogenic, osteocytes, osteoclast None of the above
Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes
Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone? Calcitriol Calcitonin Human growth hormone Parathyroid Insulin
Parathyroid
Which of the following is not a facial bone? Parietal Nasal Maxillae Zygomatic Palatine
Parietal
What is the scapular notch used for? Ligament attachment Tendon attachment Passageway for a nerve Both a and b None of the above
Passageway for a nerve
This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Ischium Ilium Pubis Patella Femur
Patella
This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch. Radial notch Elbow notch Proximal radioulnar joint Ulnar notch Styloid process
Radial notch
Where does the biceps brachii muscle attach itself to the radius? Radial tuberosity Styloid process Ulnar tuberosity Coronoid process None of the above
Radial tuberosity
Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae? Sternum Clavicle Pelvis Scapula None of the above
Scapula
This is a bone located within ankles or wrists. Long bone Sutural bone Irregular bone Sesamoid bone Short bone
Short bone
Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone? Occipital Frontal Ethmoid Nasal Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton? Tarsal Tibia Sphenoid Scapula Clavicle
Sphenoid
What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called? Suprasternal notch Xiphoid process Sternal angle Sternoclavicular joint Manubrium joint
Sternal angle
This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum. Acromial end Conoid tubercle Costal tuberosity Sternal end
Sternal end
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death? Natural causes Cardiac arrest Gun shot Strangulation Choking
Strangulation
These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible. Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital Nasal
Temporal
The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for Muscle attachment Tendon attachment Groove for nerves Both a and b All of the above
Tendon attachment
Which of the following is not true? The axial skeleton has 74 bones The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones The axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body. Children have more bones than adults. The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.
The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.
The glenohumeral joint includes: The humerus, radius and ulna The humerus and radius The humerus and clavicle The humerus and ulna The humerus and scapula
The humerus and scapula
Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone. They allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels. They provide attachments for muscles. They provide movement within the bone. They help form joints. They can be a depression or a projection.
They provide movement within the bone.
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone? Rib Clavicle Humerus Ulna Tibia
Tibia
____________ are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone.
Trabeculae
This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna. Coronoid fossa Trochlea Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Lesser tubercle
Trochlea
Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process? Ulnar notch Radial notch Olecranal notch Trochlear notch Epicondyle notch
Trochlear notch
T/F: Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood.
True
T/F: Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.
True
T/F: Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk.
True
T/F: Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region.
True
T/F: Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline.
True
T/F: Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate.
True
T/F: The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.
True
T/F: The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones.
True
T/F: The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification.
True
Which is the longer bone? Radius metacarpal Clavicle Ulna metatarsal
Ulna
_____________ _____ must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine.
Vitamin D
Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone? frontal bone occipital bone temporal bone parietal bone a and b only
a and b only
When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium? a. increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption b. increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract c. decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine a and b a, b, and c
a, b, and c
The carpometacarpal joint consists of: a. Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone b. Base of carpal bone and proximal end of metacarpal bone c. Head of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone d. Head of carpal bone and proximal end of metacarpal bone e. None of the above
a. Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption? a. acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals b. calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland c. osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix of bone d. periosteal ridges form around a periosteal blood vessel e. the kidneys slow down the rate at which calcium is excreted in urine
a. acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals
Endochondral ossification involves forming bones _______, whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ________. a. by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane. b. by growing out along a membrane; by replacing hyaline cartilage. c. as a result of deposition of calcium salts; by replacing hyaline cartilage. d. that are broad and flat; that are long.
a. by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends? a. femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges b. humerus, tibia and fibula, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges c. phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia and fibula, femur d. phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals, tibia and ulna, femur e. tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, tibia and fibula, femur
a. femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood? a. increasing the rate of bone deposition b. increasing the rate of bone resorption c. decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine d. increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract a and b
a. increasing the rate of bone deposition
Which list contains only facial bones? a. lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible b. temporal bones, frontal bone, palatine bones c. sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, temporal bone d. occipital bone, maxillae, vomer e. none of the above
a. lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and growth? minerals vitamins hormones none of the above are factors that affect bone remodeling and growth all affect bone remodeling and growth
all affect bone remodeling and growth
Which of the following is not true for red marrow? it produces osetocytes it stores fat it can change to yellow marrow all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following tissues may be found within a bone (the humerus or upper arm bone, for example)? adipose tissue nervous tissue cartilage epithelium all of the above
all of the above
Which organs are protected by bones in the axial skeleton? brain heart spinal cord lungs all of the above
all of the above
The arches of the foot: are four in number. are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones. are rigid. all of the above.
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones.
The ulna: articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. is the lateral bone of the forearm. is the shorter bone of the forearm. has a proximal disc-shaped head.
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
Bones of the adult skeleton are grouped in two principal divisions: the _________ skeleton and the ____________ skeleton
axial; appendicular
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone? a. Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone. b. Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes c. Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage. d. Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
b. Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper limb, from proximal to distal ends? a. carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, radius and ulna, humerus b. humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges c. humerus, tibia and ulna, metatarsals, tarsals, phalanges d. phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and fibula, humerus e. phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, radius and ulna, humerus
b. humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
_________ ___________ is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
bone remodeling
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone? a. Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone. b. Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone. c. Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. d. Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
c. Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis? a. The angle of the female pubic arch is greater than that of the male. b. The female obturator foramen is oval, whereas that of the male is round. c. The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval. d. The female pelvis is more flexible than that of the male. e. The male false (greater) pelvis is deeper than that of the female.
c. The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
Which is not true of the skull bones? a. They include mucous membranes b. The only movable bone in the skull is the mandible c. The skull contains foramina but no fissures d. The facial bones provide support for entrance of blood vessels e. They include sinus cavities
c. The skull contains foramina but no fissures
Within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the ______. a. diaphysis b. articular cartilage c. extracellular matrix d. nervous tissue e. medullary cavity
c. extracellular matrix
The largest of the tarsal bones is the: talus. calcaneus. cuboid. navicular.
calcaneus
All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except: assistance in movement support protection mineral homeostasis carbohydrate storage
carbohydrate storage
In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption? childhood and adolescence middle age old age None of the above; the rate of bone deposition never exceeds the rate of bone resorption
childhood and adolescence
This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint. scapula clavicle xiphoid sternum ilium
clavicle
Which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition? calcium vitamin C phosphorus collagen none of the above
collagen
When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of _____________ fibers by ___________.
collagen, osteoblasts
A ________ is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation.
condyle
The _______suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.
coronal
A _______ is a ridge or an elongated prominence on a bone.
crest
The __________ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
cribriform
The ________ _______ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
cribriform plate
The capitulum: a. Articulates with the head of radius b. Is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus c. Projects anteriorly d. Both a and b e. All of the above
d. Both a and b
Which of the following is true? a. There are 5 carpals, 8 metacarpals and 14 phalanges. b. There are 8 carpals, 6 metacarpals and 14 phalanges c. There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 12 phalanges d. There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges e. There are 5 carpals, 8 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
d. There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone? a. osteogenic cell b. osteoblast c. osteoclast d. osteocyte none of the above
d. osteocyte
The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are: a. calcification, resting, proliferation, hypertrophication b. resting, proliferation, calcification, hypertrophication c. proliferation, resting, hypertrophication, calcification d. resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification e. hypertrophication, calcification, proliferation, resting
d. resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification
The _______ is the bone shaft or body - the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone.
diaphysis
Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone? a. Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes b. Outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone. c. Hyaline cartilage grows rapidly, enlarge and form lacunae. d. Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. e. connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone f. connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; hyaline cartilage grows rapidly, enlarge and form lacunae all of the above
e. connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone
A __________ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle.
epicondyle
A ___________ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle.
epicondyle
The _________ ______ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.
epiphyseal disk
The proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the: epiphyses diaphysis metaphyses periosteum endosteum
epiphyses
The ________ bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.
ethmoid
A ________ is a small, smooth area on a bone.
facet
Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called _________ ribs.
false
Ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as: vertebrochondral ribs vertebrosternal ribs false floating (vertebral) ribs true ribs false ribs sternocostal ribs
false floating (vertebral) ribs
A ___________ is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit.
fissure
One type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a: condyle crest tuberosity fissure trochanter
fissure
The scapula is an examples of a ____ bone. irregular long short flat sesamoid
flat
Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are sesamoid bones long bones short bones sutural bones flat bones
flat bones
The bones of the skull are an examples of __________. irregular bones. long bones. short bones. flat bones.
flat bones.
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as: flat bones fontanels parietal bones temporal bones occipital bones
fontanels
An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass is called a _______
foramen
As the spinal cord exits the cranium, it passes through an opening called the ____ of the occipital bone. greater trochanter foramen magnum occipital condyle external auditory meatus mental foramen
foramen magnum
A ___________ is a furrow or shallow depression.
fossa
A __________ is a pit or cup-like depression
fovea
A _________ is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow.
groove
________ stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk. vitamin D T3 and T4 growth hormone estradiol testosterone
growth hormone
____ stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk. testosterone, estradiol thyroid hormone, calcitonin calcitonin, thyroxin growth hormone, IGF IGF, growth hormone
growth hormone, IGF
A ________ is the proximal end of a bone.
head
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____. hyaline cartilage periosteum articular cartilage adipose tissue none of the above
hyaline cartilage
Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium, or pubis ilium ilium, ischium, pubis ischium ischium, pubis pubis
ilium, ischium, pubis
In the process of ________ ___________ , bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
In the process of _____________ _______________ bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ____________. irregular bones. long bones. short bones. flat bones.
irregular bones.
The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of _____________. irregular bones. long bones. short bones. flat bones.
irregular bones.
Which of the following is true for yellow marrow? it can change to red marrow it stores fat it produces white blood cells it produces erythrocytes it can change to red marrow and store fat all of the above
it can change to red marrow and store fat
Which of the following is not true for red marrow? it produces erythrocytes it produces white blood cells it can change to yellow marrow it is found in the medullary cavity
it can change to yellow marrow
Which of the following is true for red marrow? it produces erythrocytes it stores fat it can change to yellow marrow it produces osteocytes
it produces erythrocytes
Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow? it produces red blood cells it stores fat it can change to red marrow it is found in the medullary cavity
it produces red blood cells
A ______ is an anatomical line.
linea
Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae? cervical lumbar thoracic sacral coccyx
lumbar
The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint? acromion coracoid process coracoid tubercle glenoid cavity manubrium
manubrium
Which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone, except the mandible? zygomatic bone sphenoid bone palatine bone nasal bone maxillae
maxillae
A _______ is a passage or opening.
meatus
A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the endosteum osteoblast medullary cavity spongy bone tissue red bone marrow
medullary cavity
The ____________ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses
metaphyseal
The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n): closed (simple fracture) open (compound fracture) impacted fracture Pott's fracture greenstick fracture
open (compound fracture)
The process of bone formation is referred to as _____________.
ossification
Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called ________
osteoblasts
Bone-building cells are called ________
osteoblasts
___________ are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption.
osteoclasts
________________ are huge cells derived from the fusion of a large numbers of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum.
osteoclasts
Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast? osteocyte osteogenic cell osteoclast all of the above none of the above
osteogenic cell
The components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called: Volkmann's canals. trabeculae. osteogenic cells. osteons or Haversian systems. lacunae.
osteons or Haversian systems.
__________ is seen in postmenopausal women and is associated with a decrease in calcium in the bones.
osteoporosis
Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is ___________ hormone.
parathyroid
Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels? human growth hormone (hGH) parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin (CT) acetylcholine (ACh) none of the above
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The ____ is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering bone. ligament tendon periosteum endosteum epiphysis
periosteum
A _________ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue.
process
The _________ is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure.
ramus
A vitamin A deficiency results in _________, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ______________. slender fragile bones; soft bones. retardation of bone development; rickets. growth retardation; soft bones. slender fragile bones; rickets.
retardation of bone development; rickets.
A vitamin D deficiency results in _______, whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ________. rickets; slender fragile bones. rickets; retardation of bone development. growth retardation; rickets. soft bones; rickets.
rickets; slender fragile bones.
Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with? vertebral column humerus sacrum ilium pubis
sacrum
The patella is an example of a ____ bone. irregular long short flat sesamoid
sesamoid
The carpals are examples of ____ bones. irregular long short flat sesamoid
short
A ________ is a cavity within a bone.
sinus
A vitamin C deficiency results in _______, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in _______. slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development. retardation of bone development; slender fragile bones. retardation of bone development; rickets. slender fragile bones; rickets. rickets; slender fragile bones.
slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.
A ________ is a sharp process of bone.
spine
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible? zygomatic bone parietal bone maxillae frontal bone temporal bone
temporal bone
Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)? pituitary gland thyroid gland adrenal gland pancreas none of the above
thyroid gland
Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _________. trabeculae cartilage periosteum yellow bone marrow lacunae
trabeculae
Which of the following is not found in compact bone. Haversian canals trabeculae osteoblasts matrix
trabeculae
A _____________ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.
trochanter
Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ________ ribs.
true
A ______ is a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone.
tubercle
A _________ is an elevated round process of a bone.
tuberosity
Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue? tuberosity fissure meatus sulcus facet
tuberosity
Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of: a sharp spinous process two transverse processes a large body two transverse foramen facets and demifacets
two transverse foramen
During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis. articular cartilage epiphysis zone of resting cartilage zone of proliferating cartilage zone of hypertrophic cartilage
zone of proliferating cartilage
The two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the maxillae zygomatic bones nasal bones palatine bones lacrimal bones
zygomatic bones
____________ is the shaft of bone between epiphyses, which is solid, strong, and resists bending.
Diaphysis
This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually seen in children. Open Comminuted Impacted Greenstick Stress
Greenstick
Which of the following is not found in spongy bone: Haversian canals trabeculae osteoblasts matrix
Haversian canals
What is found in the glenoid cavity? Subscapular fossa Acromion Supraspinous fossa Spine Humerus
Humerus
Growth hormone stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk. testosterone estradiol thyroid hormone calcitonin IGF
IGF
Which of the following hipbones is superior? Ilium Pubis Ischium Both a and c All of the above
Ilium
The mastoid process: Is a rounded projection of the parietal bones Is the point of attachment for several neck muscles Is anterior to the external auditory meatus. Both a and b All of the above
Is the point of attachment for several neck muscle
Which of the following is true of the radius? It has a coronoid process near the proximal end of the bone. It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum at the wrist. It has a styloid process at its proximal end. None of the above.
It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum at the wrist.
Which of the following structures contains osteocytes? Haversian Volkmann's Concentric Lacunae Canaliculi
Lacunae
This is the shaft of a long bone. Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis Periosteum Marrow
Diaphysis
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint. Periosteum Distal epiphysis Nutrient foramen Articular cartilage Epiphyseal plate
Articular cartilage
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella? Articular facets Patellofemoral joint Tibiofemoral joint Apex None of the above
Articular facets
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found: At the distal end At the proximal end At the midpoint of the shaft At the Epiphyseal plate None of the above
At the midpoint of the shaft
The function of vertebral processes is: Attachment site for muscles Calcium storage To support the body of the vertebrae To hold the hyoid in place To allow passage of the spinal cord
Attachment site for muscles
What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called? Costochondritis Floating ribs Cartilaginous distension Costal angle Intercostals space distension
Costochondritis
Bones in the following area protect the brain. Cranium Vertebral column Sacrum Face Ribcage
Cranium
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone? Tibia Fibula Tarsal Metatarsals None of the above
Fibula
Which type of bone is the occipital? Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Sesamoid bone
Flat bone