Exam 2
flexion
Decreasing an angle between bones
flexion
Moving appendages anterior to the axial skeleton
hyperextension
Moving axial skeleton posterior to anatomic position
depression
moving a body part in an inferior direction
protraction
moving a body part in the anterior direction
retraction
moving a body part in the posterior direction
elevation
moving a body part up in a superior direction
pronation
rotational movement with palm facing posterior
inner periosteum, endosteum
Where are osteoblasts?
trabecular bone
Where are osteoclasts?
inversion
turning the plantar surface inwards
eversion
turning the plantar surface outwards
ligament
A connection between two bones is called a ____
foramen
A hole through a bone in which nerves, arteries, veins and other structures pass through is a ____
amphiarthrosis
A joint that allows only small amount of movement between articulating bones is called ______
synarthrosis
A joint that does not allow any movement between articulating bones is called _____
compressed
In a ___ fracture the bone is crushed under the weight it is meant to support.
greenstick
In a _____ fracture the bone breaks only on one side but only bends on the other
comminuted
In a _____ fracture the bone is shattered into multiple fragments. It might require surgical repair.
extension
Increasing an angle between bones
tendon
A connection between a bone and a muscle is called a _____
circumduction
A freely moveable distal bone moves around a stationary proximal bone in a cone shaped motion
diarthrosis
A joint that is freely movable allowing a wide variety of specific moments is called ____
2, 4, 3, 1
Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence. 1. The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone. 2. A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments. 3. Osteoblasts built a new bone callus. 4. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms.
gomphoses
___ is an immoveable fibrous joint between a tooth and corresponding osseous pocket or alveolus in the mandible or maxilla.
fibrous
___ joints are fastened together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue
synovial
___ joints have a layer of hyaline cartilage on the surface of each articulating bone
cartilaginous
___ joints have cartilage between articulating bones
opposition
a movement that only occurs in the thumb. Allows thumb to travel across palmar surface
plantar flexion
pulling heel up so you are standing on the toes
dorsal flexion
pulling the foot up
supination
rotational movement with palm facing anterior
osteocytes
Which cells maintain bone?
planar joint
Which joint allows movement along one plane? Usually associated with flat bones
pivot joint
Which joint allows movement in a pivot?
hinge joint
Which joint allows movement only one plane?
condyle joint
Which joint allows rocking in 2 directions across an oval surface?
extension
Returning an appendage to anatomical position
aDDuction
To close towards the midline is known as ____
aBDuction
To open away from the midline is known as ____
lordosis
What abnormality of the spine results in "swayback", or inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine?
scoliosis
What abnormality of the spine results in S shape curvature?
kyphosis
What abnormality of the spine results in hunchback?
radius to ulna (both ends), atlas to axis
What are the 2 pivot joints?
occipital to atlas, radius to carpals, metacarpals to phalanges, tarsals to phalanges
What are the 4 condyloid joints?
Growth hormone, thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, cortisone, serotonin
What are the 6 hormones that affect bone?
wrist, angle, sacroiliac, ribs to vertebrae, patella, vertebra-articular process
What are the 6 planar joints?
elbow, fingers, toes, tibia to talus, fibula to talus, temporomandibular joint, femur to tibia
What are the 7 hinge joints?
yellow, red
What are the types of bone marrow?
hyaline cartilage
What is epiphyseal cartilage?
calcium, phosphorous
What is hydroxyapatite made of?
hydroxyapatite
What is the main mineral of the inorganic matrix?
lacunae
Where are osteocytes?
osteoblasts
Which cells build bone?
osteoclasts
Which cells destroy bone?
