Exam 2

flexion

Decreasing an angle between bones

flexion

Moving appendages anterior to the axial skeleton

hyperextension

Moving axial skeleton posterior to anatomic position

depression

moving a body part in an inferior direction

protraction

moving a body part in the anterior direction

retraction

moving a body part in the posterior direction

elevation

moving a body part up in a superior direction

pronation

rotational movement with palm facing posterior

inner periosteum, endosteum

Where are osteoblasts?

trabecular bone

Where are osteoclasts?

inversion

turning the plantar surface inwards

eversion

turning the plantar surface outwards

ligament

A connection between two bones is called a ____

foramen

A hole through a bone in which nerves, arteries, veins and other structures pass through is a ____

amphiarthrosis

A joint that allows only small amount of movement between articulating bones is called ______

synarthrosis

A joint that does not allow any movement between articulating bones is called _____

compressed

In a ___ fracture the bone is crushed under the weight it is meant to support.

greenstick

In a _____ fracture the bone breaks only on one side but only bends on the other

comminuted

In a _____ fracture the bone is shattered into multiple fragments. It might require surgical repair.

extension

Increasing an angle between bones

tendon

A connection between a bone and a muscle is called a _____

circumduction

A freely moveable distal bone moves around a stationary proximal bone in a cone shaped motion

diarthrosis

A joint that is freely movable allowing a wide variety of specific moments is called ____

2, 4, 3, 1

Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence. 1. The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone. 2. A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments. 3. Osteoblasts built a new bone callus. 4. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms.

gomphoses

___ is an immoveable fibrous joint between a tooth and corresponding osseous pocket or alveolus in the mandible or maxilla.

fibrous

___ joints are fastened together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue

synovial

___ joints have a layer of hyaline cartilage on the surface of each articulating bone

cartilaginous

___ joints have cartilage between articulating bones

opposition

a movement that only occurs in the thumb. Allows thumb to travel across palmar surface

plantar flexion

pulling heel up so you are standing on the toes

dorsal flexion

pulling the foot up

supination

rotational movement with palm facing anterior

osteocytes

Which cells maintain bone?

planar joint

Which joint allows movement along one plane? Usually associated with flat bones

pivot joint

Which joint allows movement in a pivot?

hinge joint

Which joint allows movement only one plane?

condyle joint

Which joint allows rocking in 2 directions across an oval surface?

extension

Returning an appendage to anatomical position

aDDuction

To close towards the midline is known as ____

aBDuction

To open away from the midline is known as ____

lordosis

What abnormality of the spine results in "swayback", or inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine?

scoliosis

What abnormality of the spine results in S shape curvature?

kyphosis

What abnormality of the spine results in hunchback?

radius to ulna (both ends), atlas to axis

What are the 2 pivot joints?

occipital to atlas, radius to carpals, metacarpals to phalanges, tarsals to phalanges

What are the 4 condyloid joints?

Growth hormone, thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, cortisone, serotonin

What are the 6 hormones that affect bone?

wrist, angle, sacroiliac, ribs to vertebrae, patella, vertebra-articular process

What are the 6 planar joints?

elbow, fingers, toes, tibia to talus, fibula to talus, temporomandibular joint, femur to tibia

What are the 7 hinge joints?

yellow, red

What are the types of bone marrow?

hyaline cartilage

What is epiphyseal cartilage?

calcium, phosphorous

What is hydroxyapatite made of?

hydroxyapatite

What is the main mineral of the inorganic matrix?

lacunae

Where are osteocytes?

osteoblasts

Which cells build bone?

osteoclasts

Which cells destroy bone?