Exam #2 Review
C (Induce drowsiness and sleepiness)
"Soporific" refers to the capacity to: a) induce euphoria b) kill pain c) induce drowsiness and sleepiness d) produce addiction e) none of the above
D (All of the above)
According to Bertram, et al. (1996), early opposition to the punitive approach to drugs in general and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 in particular came from a) August Volmer, former head of the International Association of Chiefs of Police b) John M. Coffee, Congressional Representative from Washington c) Fiorello LaGuardia, Mayor of New York City d) All of the above
D (B and C)
According to Bertram, et al. (1996), what role did parent groups like the National Federation of Parents for a Drug Free Youth play in the late 1970s and early 1980s? a) Parents groups like NFP were instrumental in pushing for the decriminlization of marijuana. b) Parents groups like NFP were instrumental in fueling the punitive war on drugs. c) Parent groups were instrumental in defeating the decriminalization movement of the Carter years. d) B and C
D (All of the above)
According to Bertram, et al. (1996), which of the following is true of the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse (1973)? a) The majority of its members was appointed by President Nixon, a strong supporter of the war on drugs. b) It was one of the most comprehensive official studies and critiques of U.S. drug policy ever established. c) The commission recommended decriminalizing possession of marijuana while maintaining criminal penalties for growing and selling it. d) All of the above.
D (12,000)
According to Bourgois and Schonberg, from 1962 to 1972, about how many manufacturing jobs were lost in the city of San Francisco? a) 12 b) 120 c) 1,200 d) 12,000
C (They paid them a lot less than their stable employees)
According to Bourgois and Schonberg, those who hired the Edgewater homeless believed they were "doing them a favor by offering them work." Which of the following is true of their hiring practices? a) They paid their homeless workers more than they paid their more stable employees. b) They paid them about the same as their more stable employees. c) They paid them a lot less than their stable employees. d) They never paid them.
D (All of the above)
According to Bourgois and Schonberg, which of the following factors have economists most consistently shown to be related to homelessness in a city? a) High rents b) High income inequality c) Low rental vacancy rates d) All of the above
B (There were few white gangs available for them to join while growing up in the 1970s)
According to Bourgois and Schonberg, why was it that the white members of the Edgewater homeless weren't much involved with street gangs? a) They knew crime didn't pay and so they didn't get involved. b) There were few white gangs available for them to join while growing up in the 1970s. c) They were too busy getting high on heroin. d) None of the above.
D (All of the above)
According to Eberstadt, which of the following is true of CHADD? a) It is an ADD/ADHD support group. b) It is an ADD/ADHD political lobbying group. c) It has received major funding from the manufacturer of Ritalin. d) All of the above.
C (330 grams, about 20 shots)
According to Gable, what is the approximate median lethal dose of ethyl alcohol for a 154-pound adult? a) 3 grams b) 33 grams, about 2 shots of hard alcohol c) 330 grams, about 20 shots d) 3330 grams, about 200 shots
D (All of the above)
According to Gable, what leads to the impression that one's own use of alcohol is harmless? a) Because alcohol is widely avaiolable, we tend to have lots of experiences with it without a negative outcome. b) Because alcohol is available in forms that are regulated, we have a sense of control over it. We know how much we're taking. c) Media reports tend not to focus on alcohol-related deaths, instead publicizing more exotic lethal substances. d) All of the above.
A (eating)
According to Gable, which of the following is the least toxic route of administration? a) Eating b) Snorting c) Smoking d) Injecting
D (Injecting)
According to Gable, which of the following is the most toxic route of administration? a) Eating b) Snorting c) Smoking d) Injecting
D (Using in secure contexts and bounding use from conventional life)
According to Jackson-Jacobs' study of crack-use on college campuses, the two (2) factors that increased campus smokers' ability to avoid crack-related troubles are a) using in secure contexts and making use a routine part of everyday life. b) using in public and bounding use from conventional life. c) using in public and making use a routine part of everyday life. d) using in secure contexts and bounding use from conventional life.
B (The early research failed to disentangle the effects of crack from other drug and environmental effects)
According to Logan, what was wrong with the initial medical claims about the impact of crack on fetal development? a) Since only African American mothers took crack, scientists couldn't be sure if the same effects would be found among other racial groups. b) The early research failed to disentangle the effects of crack from other drug and environmental effects. c) The research didn't conclude strongly enough the negative effects of crack on fetal health. d) All of the above.
D (harmful)
According to MTF, most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is: a) benign, innocuous, and harmless b) fun c) no different from marijuana d) harmful e) none of the above
B (increased)
After 2000, the rate of use of the club drugs: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
C (Methamphetamine)
Another term for "ice" is: a) cocaine b)heroin c) methamphetamine d) amphetamine tablets e) none of the above
A (increased)
Between the 1960s and the late 1970s, the use of cocaine: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B (Decreased)
Between the 1980s and today, the use of cocaine by high school seniors: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
A (increased)
Between the 1990s and the year 2000, the use of the club drugs: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
A (increased)
Between the early 2000s and 2008, the tonnage of the supply of heroin available in Mexico: a) increased b) decreased c) remained the same d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B (has decreased)
Between the late 1970s and today, the use of cocaine by the young adult (ages 18-25) sector of the population: a) has increased b) has decreased c) has remained stable d) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B (Narrow)
Compared with most of the other drugs, the margin between the ED and LD for narcotics is: a) wide b) narrow c) the same d) unknown e) none of the above
B (Afghanistan)
Currently, most of the world's production of opium is grown in: a) East Asia b) Afghanistan c) Turkey d) Latin America e) North Africa
C (is among the top ten of the most the most dangerous and harmful drugs in the country, but not in the top five)
DAWN's statistics indicate that with respect to emergency department (ED) and medical examiners reports (ME), methamphetamine: a) is the most dangerous and harmful drug in the country. b) is among the top five of the most dangerous and harmful drugs in the country, but not the most dangerous and harmful drug. c) is among the top ten of the most the most dangerous and harmful drugs in the country, but not in the top five. d) does not appear anywhere in any of DAWN's statistics. e) none of the above
B (Two)
During Bourgois' and Schonberg's time on Edgewater, about how many businesses hired African Americans? a) None b) Two c) A dozen d) Nearly every business hired an African American member of Edgewater at one time or another.
B (Decreased)
During the past decade or so, the use of methamphetamine has: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown
B (is largely regionalized to the West coast)
Evidence from ADAM indicates that the use of methamphetamine: a) is sweeping across the country like wildfire. b) is largely regionalized to the West coast. c) remains confined to the South. d) is used exclusively in large cities. e) none of the above
B (Decreased)
From the early 1970s to today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remained unknown
B (They claimed panhandling, especially being rejected, was demeaning)
How did the African Americans within Edgewater explain why they didn't panhandle? a) They claimed it wasn't worth it since passersby usually avoided them. b) They claimed panhandling, especially being rejected, was demeaning. c) They claimed there were easier ways to make money than panhandling.
B (They saw it as reverse racism)
How did the white members of Edgewater interpret the Christmas tree-sellers "diversifying his labor force"? a) They saw it as a good thing for the community. b) They saw it as "reverse racism." c) They saw it as an opportunity for employment
E (appears among the top two or three drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports)
How frequently does cocaine appear among DAWN's ED and ME reports? Cocaine: a) does not appear at all in DAWN's ED and ME reports. b) appears among the top twenty drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports, but not in its top ten. c) appears among the ten drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports, but not in its top two or three. d) appears among the top five drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports, but not in its top two or three. e) appears among the top two or three drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports.
B (Subsided)
In the 1990s, several media sources reported that a new heroin "epidemic" had gripped the United States. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that "epidemic" had: a) increased in seriousness b) subsided c) remained at the same level d) remained unknown as to its seriousness e) none of the above
E (Heroin)
On a dose-by-dose basis, which of the following drugs is most likely to cause death by overdose and hence, appear in DAWN's ME figures? a) LSD b) methamphetamine c) marijuana d) cocaine e) heroin
E (none of the above)
Psychopharmacologists classify Ecstasy (MDMA) in terms of its effects as a: a) benzodiazepine—a sedative/hypnotic b) narcotic c) dissociative anesthetic d) stimulant e) none of the above
C (Dissociative anesthetic)
Psychopharmacologists classify ketamine as a: a) benzodiazepine—a sedative/hypnotic b) narcotic c) dissociative anesthetic d) stimulant e) none of the above
B (sensory overload)
Research has demonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes: a) genetic damage b) sensory overload c) psychotic episodes d) death by overdose e) physical dependence
E (any organ of the body is inconclusive)
The evidence indicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages: a) the brain is conclusive. b) the liver is conclusive. c) the lungs is conclusive. d) blood vessels is conclusive. e) any organ of the body is inconclusive.
D (South American coca plant)
The origin of cocaine is the: a) African cocoa plant b) Southwestern peyote cactus c) Mexican weed, Cannabis sativa d) South American coca plant e) none of the above
E (none of the above)
The use of club drugs is: a) more widespread and common than the use of marijuana. b) more widespread and common among persons over the age of 35 than among younger sectors of the population. c) increasing during the 2000s faster than for any other drug or drug type. d) a common precursor, gateway, or stepping-stone to the use of heroin. e) none of the above
B (tens of thousands of DAWN ED episodes)
Together, the OTC painkillers aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and ibuprofen cause: a) no DAWN ED episodes. b) tens of thousands of DAWN ED episodes. c) hundreds of thousands of DAWN ED episodes. d) millions of DAWN ED episodes. e) none of the above
D (Bolivia, Columbia, and Peru)
Virtually all of the cocaine consumed in the world comes from plants grown in: a) Mexico b) Argentina and Chile c) Central America d) Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru e) North America
D (All of the above)
What is the moral economy of heroin sharing? a) It is a protection against dopesickness. b) It involves developing a reputation as being generous. c) It is a special form of sharing that establishes the boundaries of networks that provide companionship and facilitate survival. d) All of the above.
B (Drug-taking club-goers in the Manchester and Sheffield, UK)
What population do Moore and Miles focus on in their study? a) Heroin users in rural New York state b) Drug-taking club-goers in Manchester and Sheffield, U.K. c) Marijuana-using musicians in Chicago d) Crack-using college students in NYC
C (The Whites)
Which of the Edgewater groups was most likely to panhandle? a) The Latinos b) The African Americans c) The Whites
B (PCP)
Which of the following drugs does Drugs in American Society not include in the category of hallucinogenic/psychedelic drugs? a) LSD b) PCP c) psilocybin d) mescaline e) DMT and DET
D (Pharmacological school)
Which of the following explanations for the "progression" of users from the use of marijuana to the use of more dangerous drugs focuses on properties inherent within the drug that cause this phenomenon? a) sociocultural school b) predisposition school c) selective interaction/socialization school d) pharmacological school e) none of the above
B (It causes irreversible brain damage in humans)
Which of the following is NOT true of MDMA? a) It is a Schedule I drug, meaning it officially has no medical benefit. b) It causes irreversible brain damage in humans. c) It was used throughout the 1970s by psychiatrists in their treatment of patients. d) All of the above
D (All of the above)
Which of the following is a source of information toxicologists use to understand the potency of a substance? a) Laboratory experiments on animals b) Survey data from poison control centers, emergency departments, and coroners' offices c) Published forensic reports of fatalities or near-fatalities d) All of the above
C (PCP)
Which of the following is not among the group that is discussed in the assigned reading from Goode's book as a "club drug"? a) Ecstasy (MDMA) b) ketamine c) PCP d) GHB e) Rohypnol
D (psychotic episodes)
Which of the following is not considered one of the common effects of the hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs? a) eidetic imagery b) synesthesia c) the perception of a multilevel reality d) psychotic episodes e) seeing the world as more fluid than it is
C (they were performed in accordance with the persona of the broken-down and depressed Vietnam vet)
Which of the following is true of the injection practices of the whites among the Edgewater Homeless? a) They would spend up to 45 minutes searching for a vein. b) They were more likely to develop blood-borne diseases and less likely to develop abscesses. c) They were performed in accordance with the persona of the broken-down and depressed Vietnam vet. d) The whites tended to loudly celebrate their highs.
B (All the other narcotics added together)
Which of the following is used by a greater number of people—heroin OR all of the other narcotics added together? a) heroin b) all the other narcotics added together c) The two categories are used by about the same number of people. d) This question cannot be answered; the answer is unknown. e) none of the above
C (Ibuprofen)
Which of the following painkillers or analgesics are not narcotics? a) Darvon b) Dilaudid c) Ibuprofen d) Percodan e) All are narcotic analgesics.
E (smoking)
Which of the following routes of administration is more likely to lead to heavier, more frequent, and more compulsive and abusive use of cocaine? a) sniffing b) dermal patch c) painting the gums with a liquid form of the substance d) liquid eye-drops in which cocaine is dissolved e) smoking
A (Alcohol, taken orally)
Which of the following substances has the highest ED/LD ratio (i.e., which is most toxic)? a) Alcohol, taken orally b) MDMA, taken orally c) LSD, taken orally d) Cocaine, taken intranasal
C (LSD, taken orally)
Which of the following substances has the lowest ED/LD ratio (i.e., which is least toxic)? a) Alcohol, taken orally b) Mescaline, taken orally c) LSD, taken orally d) Nutmeg, taken orally
C (Because the human stomach isn't big enough to hold enough beer, which is only 5% ethyl alcohol)
Why is a person unlikely to overdose on beer? a) Because beer has no alcohol in it. b) Because no one likes beer enough to drink too much of it. c) Because the human stomach isn't big enough to hold enough beer, which is only 5% ethyl alcohol.
C (Both of the above)
Why was it difficult for Bourgois and Schonberg to elicit stories from the white members of the Edgewater homeless about their families? a) The majority had no contact with their families b) Families were a source of shame, since the whites were regarded as outcasts or "black sheep" by their families. c) Both of the above.
