Exam 2 review

6) What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? 6) _______ A) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane B) nucleus → ER → Golgi C) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane D) ER → Golgi → nucleus E) Golgi → ER → lysosome

A) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

44) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? 44) ______ A) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. B) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane. C) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. E) It is very rapid over long distances.

A) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

41) Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins? 41) ______ A) They are usually transmembrane proteins. B) They lack tertiary structure. C) They are not mobile within the bilayer. D) They serve only a structural role in membranes. E) They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.

A) They are usually transmembrane proteins.

43) The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of 43) ______ A) diffusion across the lipid bilayer. B) facilitated diffusion. C) osmosis. D) cotransport. E) active transport

A) diffusion across the lipid bilayer.

29) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved 29) ______ A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. B) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus. D) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts.

A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

36) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? 36) ______ A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) peroxisomes E) extracellular matrix

A) gap junctions

37) Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through 37) ______ A) gap junctions. B) plasmodesmata. C) intermediate filaments. D) tight junctions. E) desmosomes.

A) gap junctions.

30) Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures? 30) ______ A) microtubules and motor proteins B) centrioles and motor proteins C) actin filaments and motor proteins D) actin filaments and microtubules E) actin filaments and ribosomes

A) microtubules and motor proteins

22) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from 22) ______ A) nearly any eukaryotic organism. B) any multicellular organism, such as a plant or an animal. C) any kind of organism. D) a bacterium. E) an animal, but not a plant

A) nearly any eukaryotic organism.

38) Which of the following processes includes all the others? 38) ______ A) passive transport B) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient C) osmosis D) facilitated diffusion E) diffusion of a solute across a membrane

A) passive transport

35) All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition? 35) ______ A) plant cell walls B) microfilaments C) nuclear lamina D) microtubules E) intermediate filaments

A) plant cell walls

21) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? 21) ______ A) vacuole B) peroxisome C) lysosome D) Golgi apparatus E) mitochondrion

A) vacuole

60. Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell? A. Mitochondria B. Endoplasmic reticulum

A. Mitochondria

56. The sodium-potassium moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane by A. active transport B. transport C. endocytosis D. exocytosis

A. active transport

59. A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She obtained some organelles from the sediment in the test tube. The organelles took up CO2 and gave off O2. The organelles are most likely: A. chloroplasts B. Nuclei C. Ribosomes D. Mitochondria

A. chloroplasts

8) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except 8) _______ A) DNA. B) an endoplasmic reticulum. C) a plasma membrane. D) ribosomes. E) a cell wall.

B) an endoplasmic reticulum.

45) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because 45) ______ A) it is a small, polar, charged molecule. B) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane. C) it moves through hydrophobic channels. D) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis. E) the bilayer is hydrophilic.

B) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

20) Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? 20) ______ A) mitochondrion B) lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome E) vacuole

B) lysosome

51) A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in 51) ______ A) vacuoles. B) lysosomes. C) Golgi vesicles. D) peroxisomes. E) secretory vesicles.

B) lysosomes.

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? 2) _______ A) chloroplast B) mitochondrion C) wall made of cellulose D) centriole E) central vacuole

B) mitochondrion

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? 3) _______ A) nuclear envelope B) ribosome C) ER D) mitochondrion E) chloroplast

B) ribosome

46) Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that 46) ______ A) the fresh water is isotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks. B) the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks. C) the fresh water and the salt solution are both hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks. D) the fresh water is hypertonic and the salt solution is hypotonic to the cells of the celery stalks. E) the fresh water and the salt solution are both hypotonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

B) the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

18) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? 18) ______ A) vacuole B) lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome E) mitochondrion

C) Golgi apparatus

48) When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur? 48) ______ A) The cell membrane will lyse. B) The cell will burst. C) The cell will become turgid. D) Plasmolysis will shrink the interior. E) The cell will become flaccid.

C) The cell will become turgid.

50) The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires 50) ______ A) low cellular concentrations of sodium. B) a cotransport protein. C) an energy source such as ATP. D) high cellular concentrations of potassium. E) a potassium channel protein.

C) an energy source such as ATP.

1) Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? 1) _______ A) Golgi apparatus B) nuclear envelope C) chloroplast D) ER E) plasma membrane

C) chloroplas

27) Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in 27) ______ A) lysosomes. B) nuclei. C) chloroplasts. D) vacuoles. E) mitochondria.

C) chloroplasts.

49) Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? 49) ______ A) movement of water into a cell B) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel C) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid D) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell E) movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium

C) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid

23) Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? 23) ______ A) nuclei B) ribosomes C) plastids D) mitochondria E) none of these

C) plastids

14) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? 14) ______ A) rough ER B) transport vesicles C) smooth ER D) nuclear envelope E) Golgi apparatus

C) smooth ER

57. Pinocytosis is an example of A. transport B. exocytosis C. endocytosis D. none of the above is correct

C. endocytosis

54). If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would happen? A. nothing will happen to the plant B. the plant's cell would take on ions C. the plant's cell will lose water D. the plant's cell would lose ions E. it will undergo lysis

C. the plant's cell will lose water

9) Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct? 9) _______ A) Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. B) DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea. C) Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. D) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.

D) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.

4) Which structure-function pair is mismatched? 4) _______ A) ribosome; protein synthesis B) lysosome; intracellular digestion C) microtubule; muscle contraction D) Golgi; protein trafficking E) nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits

D) Golgi; protein trafficking

33) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? 33) ______ A) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). B) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. C) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. D) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

D) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

47) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? 47) ______ A) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm. B) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. C) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells. D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. E) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.

D) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.

31) Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? 31) ______ A) both centrioles and basal bodies B) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia C) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia D) both flagella and motile cilia E) centrioles only

D) both flagella and motile cilia

28) In a plant cell, DNA may be found 28) ______ A) only in the nucleus and mitochondria. B) only in the nucleus. C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. E) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts.

D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

16) Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? 16) ______ A) peroxisome B) glyoxysome C) chloroplast D) lysosome E) central vacuole

D) lysosome

24) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? 24) ______ A) vacuole B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosome D) mitochondrion E) peroxisome

D) mitochondrion

19) One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system? 19) ______ A) mitochondria B) plasma membrane C) chloroplasts D) nuclear envelope E) none of these

D) nuclear envelope

26) Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? 26) ______ A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) mitochondrion D) peroxisome E) vacuole

D) peroxisome

52) The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that 52) ______ A) pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well. B) pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area. C) pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not. D) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity.

D) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity.

12) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? 12) ______ A) Golgi vesicles B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) rough ER E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes

D) rough ER

32) Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to 32) ______ A) form cleavage furrows during cell division. B) migrate by amoeboid movement. C) maintain the shape of the nucleus. D) separate chromosomes during cell division. E) extend pseudopods.

D) separate chromosomes during cell division.

15) Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? 15) ______ A) mitochondrion B) contractile vacuole C) ribosome D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) lysosome

D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

17) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? 17) ______ A) the endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondrion C) membrane-bound ribosomes D) the lysosome E) the Golgi apparatus

D) the lysosome

42) The primary function of polysaccharides attached to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes is 42) ______ A) to facilitate diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients. B) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients. C) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures. D) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition. E) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane.

D) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition.

34) Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? 34) ______ A) intermediate filaments B) actin C) secretory vesicles D) tubulin E) laminin

D) tubulin

53). which of the following is the reason why plants wilt on a hot summer day? A. loss of water B. Lack of turgor pressure C. heat weakens the plant cell wall D. both loss of water and therefore lack of turgor pressure

D. both loss of water and therefore lack of turgor pressure

58. Which of the following is not associated with animal cells? A. extracellular matrix B. gap junctions C. tight junctions D. plasmodesmata

D. plasmodesmata

10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? 10) ______ A) Bacteria and Fungi B) Archaea and Protista C) Bacteria and Protista D) Bacteria and Eukarya E) Bacteria and Archaea

E) Bacteria and Archaea

5) Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the 5) _______ A) lysosomes. B) ribosomes. C) peroxisomes. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) mitochondria.

E) mitochondria.

25) Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes? 25) ______ A) glyoxysome B) vacuole C) peroxisome D) Golgi apparatus E) mitochondrion

E) mitochondrion

40) Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? 40) ______ A) glycoproteins and cholesterol B) phospholipids and cellulose C) nucleic acids and proteins D) proteins and cellulose E) phospholipids and proteins

E) phospholipids and proteins

13) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that 13) ______ A) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. B) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients. C) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. D) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. E) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

E) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

11) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? 11) ______ A) lipids B) cellulose C) glycogen D) nucleic acids E) proteins

E) proteins

7) A primary objective of cell fractionation is to 7) _______ A) separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules. B) sort cells based on their size and weight. C) determine the size of various organelles. D) view the structure of cell membranes. E) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.

E) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.

55. Fresh water protists react to a/an _____________ environment by removing water through__ A. hypertonic, turgor pressure B. hypotonic, turgor pressure C. isotonic, a contractile vacuole D. hypertonic, a contractile vacuole E. hypotonic, a contractile vacuole

E. hypotonic, a contractile vacuole