Exam 2 review Chapter 4

________ involves individuals of a single species fighting over access to a limiting resource.

Intraspecific competition

Herbivory is actually a type of ________.

predation

Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a ________ association.

symbiotic

Global climate change may cause shifts in biomes because ________.

Mean temperature and precipitation will change

Based on the scenario from question 21, answer the following question. The relationship between flowering plants and bees is best described as ________.

Mutualism

Grazing animals such as deer are ________. a) producers b) primary consumers or herbivores c) detritivores d) secondary consumers e) decomposer

B

Which of the following is a pathogen?

Bacteria and viruses

Which of the following does the diagram illustrate?

Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature

Detritivores include ________. A) bacteria and fungi B) algae and photosynthetic bacteria C) millipedes, soil insects, many ants D) wolves, lions, oak trees E) species that can break down cellulose, bone, and other durable biopolymers

C. millipedes and soil insects

Global warming has been hypothesized to cause many plants to flower earlier. If bees and other pollinators begin the search for food earlier in response to this, this would represent ________ within the community.

Coevolution

If the climate warms significantly, glaciers may melt, exposing underlying rock. This may lead to ________ in the community.

Primary Succession

________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Producers

Fish that eat zooplankton would be considered ________.

Secondary consumers

Which of the following is an example of resource partitioning?

Two species of birds forage together, with one eating insects on tree trunks while the other eats insects in the outer branches.

Which of the following is true about top predators? a. They are likely to be keystone species b. Their removal increases biodiversity. c. They are likely to be herbivores. d. They are likely to be producers. e. They include bacteria and fungi.

a. They are likely to be keystone species

Zebra mussels ________.

are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities

If global climate change results in an area of temperate grassland receiving less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will ________

begin to support more desert species

Based on the scenario from question 21, answer the following question. Global warming has been hypothesized to cause many plants to flower earlier. If bees and other pollinators begin the search for food earlier in response to this, this would represent ________ within the community.

coevolution

By definition, parasites ________ their host.

feed on and harm

Read the following scenario and answer the question(s) below. Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Measurable warming of Earth due to these gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can melt permafrost in the tundra and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increase sea surface temperatures, melting sea ice in the Arctic and increasing the intensity of hurricanes in temperate and tropical coastal areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out-of-sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. The relationship between caterpillars and flowering plants is best described as ________.

herbivory

Based on the scenario from question 21, answer the following Which of the following might be first to populate an area after glaciers melt in response to global climate change?

lichesn

Based on the scenario from question 21, answer the following question. If the climate warms significantly, glaciers may melt, exposing underlying rock. This may lead to ________ in the community.

primary succession

Some models of climate change for North America predict that the grassland regions of the prairie states will become warmer and drier. This would result in ________.

the need to develop varieties of agricultural crops that tolerate desert conditions

The energy content and biomass of ________ is lowest in any terrestrial food web.

top carnivores

What terrestrial biome has the most biodiversity?

tropical rainforest