Exam 2 Review Se

Cross-cultural research on math achievement at school reveals that

Americans are more satisfied with their math performance than are East Asians.

Shweder and colleagues found that Indian parents are more likely to sleep in the same room with their children than are American parents. Given their studies, which of these is the most compelling explanation for their results?

Americans place more value on providing parents with exclusive sleeping space.

Which of the following statements about the relationships between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles is true?

Authoritative parenting uses more democratic reasoning than does authoritarian parenting.

Which of the following is true in comparing biological evolution with cultural evolution?

Biological evolution is faithful, while cultural evolution is not faithful.

Ambrose has an independent self, and Hayden has an interdependent self. Which of the following is true about Hayden?

He is more likely to activate the same brain regions when thinking about himself and his mother.

Your friends are debating whether culture has been changing or not over the last few decades. Which of the following responses is NOT supported by research?

It has not been changing—collectivistic cultures have, overall, remained just as collectivistic as they were decades ago.

Which of the following is true about cultural change in the United States?

On average, Americans are less likely to belong to formal organizations than they were forty years ago.

What is a proximal cause for why a small group of Spaniards was able to conquer the Incan empire?

The Spaniards had better weapons than the Incans.

According to Jared Diamond, why were the germs brought by the Spaniards so much deadlier to the Incans than the Incan germs were to the Spaniards?

The Spaniards had lived in close proximity to domesticated animals for much longer than the Incans.

Shuang is a Chinese mother. Compared with Shuang, Alex, an American mother, is more likely to

acknowledge her children's perspectives.

Wan-Ying wants to use the jiào xun type of parenting on her child. What is she NOT likely to do?

allow her child to spend time playing video games

Whereas _____________ describe(s) explanations using factors that occurred a long time ago, _____________ describe(s) explanations using factors that have direct and immediate effects.

distal causes; proximal causes

Ecology and sex roles are related in the sense that

egalitarian sex roles are more common where food is plentiful and easily acquired.

Xing, a Chinese stockbroker, and Joe, a Canadian stockbroker, are being asked to predict the trend of a stock that has been gaining value for the past three years. Based on research on how people expect the future to unfold, Xing likely thinks the stock will _____________, and Joe likely thinks the stock will _____________.

go down; continue to go up

Xing, a Chinese stockbroker, and Joe, a Canadian stockbroker, are being asked to predict the trend of a stock that has been gaining value for the past three years. Xing likely thinks the stock will _____________, and Joe likely thinks the stock will _____________.

go down; continue to go up

Takeshi discovers a lot of tips and tricks to give him an easier time playing his favorite computer game, which he proceeds to tell all of his gaming buddies. Which of the following does this best illustrate?

horizontal transmission

The most important principle to both Americans and Indians in terms of family sleeping arrangements is

incest avoidance.

The "terrible twos" is a developmental stage that

is a nonuniversal.

Adolescent rebellion

is more pronounced in societies with more role distinctions and opportunities.

It is not at all unusual for the officers at Police Station 54 to observe their colleagues using confrontational interview techniques. Even though they do not personally like the technique, many officers believe that the practice is widely approved of by others and expected of them. This is an example of

pluralistic ignorance.

The most cited article in cultural psychology suggests that we can predict cultural differences by paying attention to how culture shapes _______.

self-concept.

A period of time in an organism's development that allows for the relatively easy acquisition of a skill is known as a

sensitive period.

Which of the following is an example of pluralistic ignorance?

the binge drinking habits among underage college students

The term "noun bias" means that

the first words children learn tend to be nouns rather than other kinds of words.

One difference between Americans and Hindu Indians is that in the United States

the male identity is essentialized, whereas among Hindu Indians the female identity is essentialized.