Exam 3 Biology: Chapter 8 Mastering Biology

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A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing ________ chromosome.

16

For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, _______________________ chromosomes combinations are possible

16

What is the chromosome number found in human cells if meiosis 1 is completed normally?

22 autosomes and a sex chromosome

Normal human gametes carry __________ chromosome

23

How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase 1 compared to a cell that has completed meiosis?

4 times as much

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?

44 autosomes, 1x chromosome, and 1y chromosome

With the exceptions of gametes, a human cell contains ____________ chromosome

46

What name is given to this process?

Asexual reproduction

Which of these gametes contains one or more recombinant chromosomes?

B &C

Which of these cells is haploid?

C&D

Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that, is eukaryotes, involves mitosis ?

Cell replacement

Which characteristic seen in prophase i does not occur in prophase ii?

Crossing over occurs

Examine the figure below. Nucleosome are made of _________________

DNA & histone proteins

Chromatin consists of

DNA & protein

The first step of bacterial replication is

DNA replication

The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in which order?

G1, SI, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

Which term is used to describe the way homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in random orientations relative to each other during metaphase?

Independent assortment

Which of the following statements is correct?

Meiosis results in gametes that are used in replication

Which of these phases encompasses all of the stages of mitosis?

Mitosis

Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Random fertilization, independent orientation of chromosomes in

______________ reproduction, in contrast, generates genetically unique offspring. To accomplish this, an organism most produce _______________ sperm and egg- though the process of ___________. The cells produced this way will be ___________, meaning that they contain a single set of chromosomes. Such cells are produced only in the gonads.

Sexual, gametes, haploid, mitosis

Which event occurs during anaphase?

Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes

____________ is a stage of mitosis.

Telophase

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?

The amount of DNA present, whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not, whether the DNA is linear or circular

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated

Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following choose the excption.

The events of meiosis

What happens during prophase?

The mitotic spindle begins to form

Which of the following statements applies to sexually reproducing species but not asexually reproducing species?

Two kinds of cell division are required

Which of these mistakes would be evident in the karyotype shown?

a nondisjunction in meiosis ii in gamete formation

The sister chromtids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

anaphase

______________ reproduction is a means of creating new individuals soley by ________________ the form of cell division that creates genetically identical daughter cells.

asexual, mitosis

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called _____________

autosomes

Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs _________________

before the cell divides

A correct comparison between a benign and a malignant tumor is that _________________

benign tumors do not metastaize; malignant tumors do

Bacteria divided by:

binary fission

Asexual reproduction

can produce offspring genetically identical to the one single parent

Homologous chromosome _________________________________

carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

The structure where sister chromatids are joined is called the ______________

centromere

What happens during interphase?

chromosome duplication occurs

Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____________

chromosomes

During metaphase, ____________

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called ____________

cytokinesis

In meiosis, how does prophase 1 differ from prophase ii?

during prophase 1 there is one diploid cell; during prophase 2 there are two haploid cells

Crossing over is the _______________________________________________________

exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

A karyotype is often used to look for genetic disorders. Karyotype results would not be useful to determining _____________

eye color

A single cell passing through meiosis and cytokinesis results in the formation of ____________

four haploid cells

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces __________________

four haploid cells

Crossing over during prophase 1 results in _______________

genetic recombination

In sexual reproduction in humans _____________________________

haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg cell

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________________

have two nuclei

During metaphase 1, _________________________________

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

During anaphase 1 _____________________________________

homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles

During prophase 1 of meiosis ___________________________

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs

A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that _________________

its entire genetic legacy can remain intact

DNA testing confirmed that all if the DNA of the ________ babies was derived from their mother

komododragon

Gametes are produced by __________

meiosis

Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of ___________ followed by fertilization

meiosis

This diagram of the human life cycle shows that _________________________

meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells

The above figure shows that ___________________________________

meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

metaphase

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis

mitosis produce cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

During ____________ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.

mitotic phase

Nondisjunction might result in gametes with the chromosome numbers _____________________

n+1 or n-1

Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from _________________

nondisinjiunction

Accidents can occur in meiosis where members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called ______________

nondisjunction

Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packaged in the ____________

nucleus

As shown in the accompanying figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because

plant cells form a cell plate and animals cells do not

The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT _____________________________

production of sperm and eggs

The centrosomes move away from each other an the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

prophase

The correct order of events during meiosis is _________________________

prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, cytokinesis, meiosis 2

The correct sequence of stages of mitosis is

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells ___________________

remain confined to their original site

A duplicated chromosome consists of two

sister chromatids

A typical human body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a _____________

somatic

Cytokinesis typically begins during the ___________ stage of mitosis

telophase

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

telophase

Anaphase ii is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase ii ______________________________________ and in mitotic anaphase ________________________

the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate; the cells have the same number of chromosomes s the original cell and sister chromatids separate

During telophase

the events of prophase are reversed

The karyotype above shows ____________________

trisomy 21, a cause of down syndrome

The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ____________

two

The cells that result from the mitotic cell cycle can be described as ___________________________________

two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and some genetic information

Upon completion of telophse 1 and cytokinesis in meiosis, there ______________ cells

two haploid

An _____________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.

zebra shark


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