Exam 3 Biology: Chapter 8 Mastering Biology
A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing ________ chromosome.
16
For a species with four pairs of chromosomes, _______________________ chromosomes combinations are possible
16
What is the chromosome number found in human cells if meiosis 1 is completed normally?
22 autosomes and a sex chromosome
Normal human gametes carry __________ chromosome
23
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase 1 compared to a cell that has completed meiosis?
4 times as much
What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?
44 autosomes, 1x chromosome, and 1y chromosome
With the exceptions of gametes, a human cell contains ____________ chromosome
46
What name is given to this process?
Asexual reproduction
Which of these gametes contains one or more recombinant chromosomes?
B &C
Which of these cells is haploid?
C&D
Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that, is eukaryotes, involves mitosis ?
Cell replacement
Which characteristic seen in prophase i does not occur in prophase ii?
Crossing over occurs
Examine the figure below. Nucleosome are made of _________________
DNA & histone proteins
Chromatin consists of
DNA & protein
The first step of bacterial replication is
DNA replication
The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in which order?
G1, SI, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
Which term is used to describe the way homologous pairs of chromosomes line up in random orientations relative to each other during metaphase?
Independent assortment
Which of the following statements is correct?
Meiosis results in gametes that are used in replication
Which of these phases encompasses all of the stages of mitosis?
Mitosis
Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
Random fertilization, independent orientation of chromosomes in
______________ reproduction, in contrast, generates genetically unique offspring. To accomplish this, an organism most produce _______________ sperm and egg- though the process of ___________. The cells produced this way will be ___________, meaning that they contain a single set of chromosomes. Such cells are produced only in the gonads.
Sexual, gametes, haploid, mitosis
Which event occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes
____________ is a stage of mitosis.
Telophase
What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?
The amount of DNA present, whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not, whether the DNA is linear or circular
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
The chromosomes must be duplicated
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following choose the excption.
The events of meiosis
What happens during prophase?
The mitotic spindle begins to form
Which of the following statements applies to sexually reproducing species but not asexually reproducing species?
Two kinds of cell division are required
Which of these mistakes would be evident in the karyotype shown?
a nondisjunction in meiosis ii in gamete formation
The sister chromtids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
anaphase
______________ reproduction is a means of creating new individuals soley by ________________ the form of cell division that creates genetically identical daughter cells.
asexual, mitosis
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called _____________
autosomes
Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs _________________
before the cell divides
A correct comparison between a benign and a malignant tumor is that _________________
benign tumors do not metastaize; malignant tumors do
Bacteria divided by:
binary fission
Asexual reproduction
can produce offspring genetically identical to the one single parent
Homologous chromosome _________________________________
carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics
The structure where sister chromatids are joined is called the ______________
centromere
What happens during interphase?
chromosome duplication occurs
Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____________
chromosomes
During metaphase, ____________
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called ____________
cytokinesis
In meiosis, how does prophase 1 differ from prophase ii?
during prophase 1 there is one diploid cell; during prophase 2 there are two haploid cells
Crossing over is the _______________________________________________________
exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes
A karyotype is often used to look for genetic disorders. Karyotype results would not be useful to determining _____________
eye color
A single cell passing through meiosis and cytokinesis results in the formation of ____________
four haploid cells
Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces __________________
four haploid cells
Crossing over during prophase 1 results in _______________
genetic recombination
In sexual reproduction in humans _____________________________
haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg cell
A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________________
have two nuclei
During metaphase 1, _________________________________
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
During anaphase 1 _____________________________________
homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles
During prophase 1 of meiosis ___________________________
homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs
A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that _________________
its entire genetic legacy can remain intact
DNA testing confirmed that all if the DNA of the ________ babies was derived from their mother
komododragon
Gametes are produced by __________
meiosis
Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of ___________ followed by fertilization
meiosis
This diagram of the human life cycle shows that _________________________
meiosis produces haploid sperm and egg cells
The above figure shows that ___________________________________
meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
metaphase
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis
mitosis produce cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
During ____________ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
mitotic phase
Nondisjunction might result in gametes with the chromosome numbers _____________________
n+1 or n-1
Amanda's abnormal number of sex chromosomes resulted from _________________
nondisinjiunction
Accidents can occur in meiosis where members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called ______________
nondisjunction
Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packaged in the ____________
nucleus
As shown in the accompanying figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because
plant cells form a cell plate and animals cells do not
The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT _____________________________
production of sperm and eggs
The centrosomes move away from each other an the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?
prophase
The correct order of events during meiosis is _________________________
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, cytokinesis, meiosis 2
The correct sequence of stages of mitosis is
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells ___________________
remain confined to their original site
A duplicated chromosome consists of two
sister chromatids
A typical human body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a _____________
somatic
Cytokinesis typically begins during the ___________ stage of mitosis
telophase
The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?
telophase
Anaphase ii is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase ii ______________________________________ and in mitotic anaphase ________________________
the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate; the cells have the same number of chromosomes s the original cell and sister chromatids separate
During telophase
the events of prophase are reversed
The karyotype above shows ____________________
trisomy 21, a cause of down syndrome
The 2n number for the cell depicted here is ____________
two
The cells that result from the mitotic cell cycle can be described as ___________________________________
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and some genetic information
Upon completion of telophse 1 and cytokinesis in meiosis, there ______________ cells
two haploid
An _____________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.
zebra shark