EXAM 3 HSF (15,16,18,8)

What structure in the upper respiratory system traps pathogens?

Mucous membrane

Forced breathing during exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and the

abdominal muscles.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

The movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract is called

absorption.

What is the name of the neurotransmitter released by a neuron to communicate with skeletal muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction?

acetylcholine

Which of the following are major functions of the respiratory system?

air movement, gas exchange, communication

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs during external respiration?

alveoli

Oxygen is transported in the blood __________.

bound to hemoglobin and dissolved in the blood plasma

The brain and spinal cord comprise the

central nervous system.

Identify the structure labeled "D."

collecting duct

Where is the respiratory mucosa found in the respiratory tract?

conducting portion

Which type of neuronal pool is depicted here and what is its purpose?

convergence, which occurs when multiple neurons feed into a single neuron.

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

depolarization.

What is the purpose of bile?

emulsification

What is the name of the layer of hard crystalline calcium phosphate that covers the exposed portions of your teeth?

enamel

Most chemical reactions do not occur spontaneously; what is the name of the group of molecules that "help" reactions to occur?

enzymes

The esophagus passes through a hole in the diaphragm called the ________.

esophageal hiatus

How many oxygen molecules can a hemoglobin molecule carry when fully saturated?

four

Which structure is labeled "J"?

glomerulus

Which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle?

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

What is the name of the folds or convolutions that are found on the cerebral cortex and expand its surface area?

gyri

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

hilum

What is the name for the stable internal environment that every living organism must maintain to survive?

homeostasis

The term incontinence refers to the

inability to control urination voluntarily.

Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in which organ of the digestive system?

intestines

What is the name of the structure vital for sound production?

larynx

Which of these structures contains the "voice box"?

larynx

Respiratory rate is controlled involuntarily by the centers located in the __________.

medulla oblongata and pons

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

more concentrated urine is produced.

Which of the following organ systems are directly involved in breathing air in and out?

muscular system, nervous system, skeletal system

The basic functional unit in the kidney is the __________.

nephron

What is the name of the glial cell that produces myelin in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

What is the forward movement of materials along the length of the digestive tract called?

peristalsis

Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both food and air?

pharynx

What is the deepest or innermost layer of the cranial meninges?

pia mater

Surfactant

plays a key role in keeping alveoli open.

Functions of the large intestine include

reabsorption of water and compaction of feces.

What is the name of the last portion of the intestinal tract where feces are stored before defecation?

rectum

Which is defined as the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation?

residual volume

The folds in the mucosa that allow for the stomach to stretch or distend are called __________.

rugae

The walls of the alveoli are lined by

simple squamous epithelium.

Most nutrient absorption takes place in the ________.

small intestine

What is the name for the rings of smooth muscle in the digestive system?

sphincters

Which of the following is the correct flow of food materials through the digestive tract?

stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum

The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anus are lined by

stratified squamous epithelium.

What is the opposite of decomposition?

synthesis

Pulmonary ventilation refers to

the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

The glottis is

the passage from the pharynx to the larynx.

Which of the lung volumes represents the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle?

tidal volume

Urine is temporarily stored by the

urinary bladder.

Intrinsic factor produced in the stomach is essential for the absorption of __________________.

vitamin B12

The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments.

31

What is the name of the molecule that cells use for energy?

ATP

Which of the following is a role the lymphatic system plays in digestive processes?

Absorbs and carries lipids to the general circulation

Select the mechanism by which the nervous system affects the skeletal system.

By controlling muscle contractions, which exert force on bone

Which of the following is regulated by skeletal muscle?

Entrance of food

The majority of water in the human body is located where?

ICF

On a hot day, the nervous system helps regulate body temperature most directly through its interactions with which organ system?

Integumentary system

From where are most toxins that are absorbed from food transported?

Liver

Select the type of sensation that comes only from the muscular system.

Proprioception

What is the difference between saltatory and continuous propagation of nerve impulses?

Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation.

Oligodendrocytes are to CNS as ________ are to PNS.

Schwann cells

Which organ system serves as the primary protection of the central nervous system?

Skeletal system