Exam 3 practice problems

If the sample cost is $10,000, the client only budgets for $8,000. The researcher should ask for higher budget or decrease the sample size by increasing the confidence level. True False

False

When a marketing researcher at Procter & Gamble decides to perform a test market for a new type of shampoo in St. Louis and Kansas City, what type of sampling procedure is being used? Simple random sample Quota sample Judgment sample Systematic sample

Judgment sample

A researcher wants to know the average number of times per month respondents eat at fast food restaurants. The statistic that s/he is most interested in would be the _________. mean variance range standard deviation

mean

The budget for a research project frequently is a major factor in setting the sample size for the research study. True False

True

The main advantage of snowball sampling is to reduce the search costs for selecting the sample or potential respondents. True False

True

When citing conclusions and making recommendations, it is also a good idea to identify any limitations associated with the research. True or False?

True

Which of the following would increase the necessary sample size in a study? smaller mean of the variables in question smaller population need to divide sample into sub-groups

need to divide sample into sub-groups

The hypothesis of the status quo is typically referred to as the ________ hypothesis. valid null alternative

null

Higher levels of confidence generally require: smaller standard deviation. larger sample sizes. smaller sample sizes. greater variance.

larger sample sizes.

Suppose in our sample results we find that males average drinking five soft drinks per week, compared with six soft drinks per week for females. In the absence of additional analysis, what type of difference has been illustrated? a difference of dispersion mathematical difference statistical difference

mathematical difference

If the population has 3,000 people in it and the desired sample size is 600 people, the probability of a sample element being selected is about: 0.40 0.20. 0.30. 0.50

0.20.

A researcher wants to estimate the percentage of all adults that have used the Internet to seek product review information in the past 30 days, with a allowable sampling error (E) of 0.03 and a confidence level of 97.5% (Z=2.24). The estimated population variance is 0.55. What is the sample size?

1) at 97.5% confidence, Z = 2.24 2) sample mean formula is appropriate 3) variance = 0.55 (this is not the standard deviation) 4) Allowable Error = .03 5) Computed Sample size of 3,067 (rounded up)

A researcher wants to estimate the percentage of all adults that have used the Internet to seek product review information in the past 30 days, with an allowable sampling error (E) of 0.03 and a confidence level of 97.5% (Z=2.24). If secondary data indicated that 25% of all adults had used the Internet for such a purpose, what is the sample size?

1) at 97.5% confidence, Z = 2.24 2) sample proportions formula is appropriate 3) P = .25; 1 - P = .75 4) Allowable Error = .03 5) Computed Sample size of 1,046 (rounded up)

A researcher wants to estimate the percentage of all adults that have used the Internet to seek product review information in the past 30 days, with an allowable sampling error (E) of 0.03 and a confidence level of 97.5% (Z=2.24). What is the sample size?

1) at 97.5% confidence, Z = 2.24 2) sample proportions formula is appropriate 3) P = .5; 1 - P = .5 4) Allowable Error = .03 5) Computed Sample size of 1,394 (round up)

If z = 1.96, the standard deviation is 3, and the allowable sampling error is plus or minus $0.5, what is the approximate sample size needed for this study? Sample size calculations: n = (Z2 𝛔2 )/ E2, n = Z2 P (1-P) / E2 130 139 137.77 140

139

Suppose a researcher wanted to know the sample size needed at the 99.74% confidence level (Z score of 3) for a pharmaceutical drug study in which the variability of the population is unknown and the acceptable margin of error is 1%. Calculate the sample size needed. Sample size calculations: n = (Z2 𝛔2 )/ E2, n = Z2 P (1-P) / E2 22500 2500 2450 2240

22500

Assume that previous food research has shown that 70 percent of the consumers like onion rings. The researcher wishes to have an error of 6 percent or less and be 95.44 percent confident (Z score of 2) of an estimate to be made about onion ring consumption from a survey. What sample size should be used for a simple random sample? Sample size calculations: n = (Z2 𝛔2 )/ E2, n = Z2 P (1-P) / E2 433 432 243 234

234

If z = 1.96, the variance is 3, and the allowable sampling error is plus or minus $0.5, what is the approximate sample size needed for this study? Sample size calculations: n = (Z2 𝛔2 )/ E2, n = Z2 P (1-P) / E2 46.66 49 47 45

47

Compute the required sample size given the required confidence in the sample results is 99.74% (Z score of 3). The level of allowable sampling error is 5% and the estimated population standard deviation is unknown. Sample size calculations: n = (Z2 𝛔2 )/ E2, n = Z2 P (1-P) / E2 689 900 90 800

900

A sample includes every member of the population of interest to the researcher. True False

False

If we conclude that the average weekly amount of soft drink consumption by males and females is about the same, but that the standard deviation among males is greater than that for females, what would this mean? -Males and females pretty much agree as to how many soft drinks they consume per week. -Females are more health conscious than males. -Even though males and females consume, on average, about the same number of soft drinks, there is more dispersion of consumption among males. -Males consume more soft drinks per week than females.

Even though males and females consume, on average, about the same number of soft drinks, there is more dispersion of consumption among males.

When a marketing researcher who is performing an exploratory research study has researchers ask people in a shopping mall which brand of television they own and why they purchased that brand, and asks the researchers to survey 10 shoppers who own the RCA brand, 15 shoppers who own the Toshiba brand, and 12 shoppers who own the Panasonic brand, what type of sampling procedure is being used? Multi-stage area sample Quota sample Simple random sample

Quota sample

_________ is a form of data in which responses on questionnaires are read in automatically by the data device. Scanning Technology Automatic Entry Automatic Delivery

Scanning Technology

Which of the following sampling methods is the best known and most widely used probability sampling method in marketing research? Systematic sampling Area sampling Simple random sampling Convenience sampling Multi-stage area sampling

Simple random sampling

In marketing research, it is always preferable to take a census rather than a sample of the population under study. True or False?

True

What do convenience, judgment, quota, and snowball samples have in common? They can all be classified as probability samples. They utilize every nth element in the sample frame. They can all be classified as nonprobability samples. If properly invoked, they all provide projectable results. They all use random number tables to generate samples.

They can all be classified as nonprobability samples.

Checking to determine whether the proper screener questions were invoked would be part of which step in the data analysis procedure? cleaning Checks and Balances Coding Validation.

Validation.

Checking to determine whether the proper interview questions were asked would be part of which step in the data analysis procedure? a.Validation b.Coding c.machine cleaning d.Data checks and balances

a.Validation

What is the purpose of statistical inferences? a.to make generalizations about population characteristics from sample results b.to estimate mean, median, mode, variance, and skewness of large sample data c.to study characteristics of binomial or Poisson random variables d.all of these

a.to make generalizations about population characteristics from sample results

Which type of multivariate analysis should be used when a researcher wants to identify subgroups of individuals that are homogeneous within subgroups and different from other subgroups? a. Conjoint analysis b. Cluster analysis c. Regression Analysis d. Factor analysis e. Multiple discriminant analysis

b. Cluster analysis

The idea behind this type of statistical analysis is to look at the responses to one question in relation to the responses to one or more other questions. a. one-way frequencies b. cross tabulations c. analysis using measures of central tendency d. analysis using measures of dispersion e. analysis using line and/or bar charts

b. cross tabulations

What is the most important reason for the growing popularity of nonprobability samples? a. sampling error can be computed b. representative of population c. lower cost than probability samples d. less nonresponse bias than other types of sampling

c. lower cost than probability samples

Suppose an analyst wanted to determine whether or not dollars spent on advertising, number of sales people, number of new products introduced, and dollars spent on research and development were contributing to the growth in company market share. Which of the following procedures would be most appropriate? a. conjoint analysis b. cluster analysis c. regression Analysis d. perceptual mapping

c. regression Analysis

A correlation analysis between sales and sales training scores results in R = +.98. Which of the following best interprets the relationship between sales and sales training? a.98% of the salespeople taking the test have higher sales. b.The correlation between sales and sales training is very weak and insignificant. c.The correlation between sales and sales training is strong and positive, indicating that higher sales training scores are closely associated with higher sales and vice-versa. d.98% of the variation in sales is explained by variations in sales training scores. e.none of these

c.The correlation between sales and sales training is strong and positive, indicating that higher sales training scores are closely associated with higher sales and vice-versa.

Under what kind of sampling procedure must the researcher adhere closely to precise selection procedures to ensure that the results are projectable to the population under study? a.nonprobability b.non-random c.probability d.quota e.none of these

c.probability

When a research company routinely uses samples of 300 for their studies, they are using which type of plan to determine sample size? a.the 50% rule b.budget available c.rule of thumb d.number of subgroups to be analyzed

c.rule of thumb

Which of the following sampling methods, if properly invoked, will produce projectable results of the population? a.Quota b.Convenience c.Snowball d.systematic

d.systematic

Poor and ineffective presentations have the following elements: a.Too many slides b.Long sentences c.No visuals d.Too much information on one slide e.All of the above

e.All of the above

In a beer consumption study, a researcher makes an assumption that males will consume more beer per week than females; this can be stated in a: research objective. theory. rule. hypothesis.

hypothesis.

When do you say the difference between two numbers is statistically significant? -if the difference is large enough so that it is managerially important -if the difference is mathematically different as long as the two numbers are not exactly the same -if the difference is large enough to be unlikely to have occurred because of chance or sampling error

if the difference is large enough to be unlikely to have occurred because of chance or sampling error

The entire group of people about whom the researcher wants to obtain information in a marketing research study is called the: area sample. population. convenience sample. sampling frame.

population

All other things equal, larger samples will have less _______ than smaller samples. nonsampling error interviewer error measurement error sampling error

sampling error

The _________ is a list of the members or elements from which units to be sampled are selected. universe sampling frame Census population

sampling frame

All of the following are properties of the normal distribution EXCEPT: the normal distribution is "bell-shaped." -the normal distribution is symmetric about its mean. -the area between the mean and a given number of standard deviations from the mean is the same for all normal distributions. -the distribution is asymmetric about its mean. -the total area under the normal curve equals one.

the distribution is asymmetric about its mean.

What is the purpose of statistical inferences? -all of these -to fully describe the characteristics of the population -to estimate mean, median, mode, variance, and skewness of large sample data -to make generalizations about population characteristics from sample results

to make generalizations about population characteristics from sample results

What kind of error is being made if the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false? type I type II none of these type III

type II