Exam #4 COMM-DIS 100

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where is normal hearing located on the audiogram?

0-25 dB

dB of rock conerts

105 dB

dB of a gunshot

140 dB (loudest/most damaging)

normal hearing

2.5 dB

developmental milestones in infants

4-6 months: vowels 7-9 months: canonical balling (CV, CVCV) 12-13 months: first words

dB of raindrops

40 dB

normal conversations

60 dB

the human ear can safely listen to sounds up to

70 dB

assistive technology

FM systems (sound source) amplified phone headsests

units for frequency

Hz

audiogram

a chart showing results of a hearing test (how well you hear sounds in terms of pitch and loudness)

permanent hearing loss in children

about 0.1% of children

hearing intervention in adults

acquired sensorineural hearing impairments are very common in adults (80% of 800+ year olds) only 25% of adults with hearing loss wear hearing aids

2 types of audiometry

air conduction bone condutction

ear canal

air filled cavity about 1 inch long that produces cerumen (ear wax) to protect middle ear and amplifies mild frequency sounds

hearing aids

an electrical device that amplifies sound. can benefit many infants with hearing impairment

hearing loss

anything below 20-30 = slight hearing loss

repair techniques

ask speaker to repeat and rephrase face listener

which area of the brain receives and processes sound information

auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

eustachian tube

back of nasal cavity. drains mucus from middle ear and equalizes pressure between middle ear and environment

vestibular system

balance

ear infections (otitis media)

blockage of eustachian tube mucus cannot drain, it accumulates and becomes infected most common in children < 2 years

symbols to represent the inner ear on audiogram

bone conduction

what does a cochlear implant doo

bypasses the dead hair cells and stimulates the auditory nerve fibers directly

sensorineural hearing loss

caused by damage to the inner ear most often, results from damage to hair cells usually permanent

what is interprofessional practice?

collaborative practice - team based approach (OT, mental health case, special education, behavior resource specialist, SLP_

which hearing loss is caused by damage to the ossicles?

conductive client can hear within normal range through bone conduction but not through air conduction

permanent hearing loss

congenital abnormalities or damage to the pinna, ear canal, ossicles

units for intensity

dB

when is hearing impairment diagnosed in newborns?

diagnose 3 months old intervene 6 months old

incoming sound makes the... vibrate. It then moves to the ossicles (3 tiny bones) and carries the vibration to the inner ear

eardrum

other 50% are

environmental (illness, infection, premature birth, certain medications, noise exposure)

middle ear

filled with air (and lined with a bit of mucus)

how often repetitions of a waveform occur

frequency

50% of cases in children

genetic

cochlea

hearing

bone conduction audiometry

hearing tested through bone vibrator tests how sound travels directly through inner ear tests the function of inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ears

air conduction audiometry

hearing tested through headphones it tests how sound travels through ear canal (tympanic membrane to middle ear to inner ear)

hearing aid styles

in the ear behind ear

cochlea

inch long (snail) coiled filled with fluid contains basilar membrane which has hair cells that convert motion into neural signals

balance and hearing

inner ear

what do sound waves tell us?

intensity (loundness) frequency (pitch)

speechreading

looking at speakers face to help with comprehension

audiometer

machine that plays sounds via headphones and tests ability to hear sounds (pitch and loudness)

what is air-bone gap on the audiogram?

may mean a problem in the outer or middle ear if there is no gap between air and bone conduction it may indicate a problem in the inner ear (cochlea)

intensity (loudness)

measured by the amount of energy in sound waves we measure the amount of energy by the waves amplitude unit of ___ is the decibel (dB)

frequency (pitch)

measured by the speed of energy in sound waves we measure the number of waves that occur per second (cycles per second) unit of ___ is the Hertz (Hz)

which frequency of sounds is amplified by the middle ear

mid level frequency

ossicles

middle ear

which part of the ear does an ear infection occur

middle ear

base

narrow and stiff > high frequency

is there an air-bone gap in central hearing loss?

no, because its a problem with the brain, air conduction tests the outer and middle ear and bone conduction tests the inner ear. air and bone conduction tests will be on the same line

how loud is too loud?

noise-induced hearing damage is related to the duration and volume of exposure. suggests that safe exposure limit is 85 dB for 8 hours a day (busy city traffic)

what is air conduction audiometry?

occurs through air near the ear and it involves the ear canal and eardrum

group of bones in middle ear

ossicles (smallest bones in body)

temporary hearing loss

otitis media (common in young children) foreign body or impacted wax in ear cana;

how can conductive hearing loss be identified

physical inspection of the ear with a otoscope or through air and bone conduction audiometry

what is the outermost part of the ear called?

pinna (visible part)

3 settings SLPs work in?

private practice, hospital, rehab facility, research, skilled nursing facility, outpatient, home health

central hearing impairment

problems understanding speech, even when words are heard caused by damage to the central auditory pathway

conductive hearing loss

problems with the outer and middle ear sounds are not conducted properly to the inner ear loss usually up to 30-60 dB

which profession in the field generates new knowledge about how to diagnose and treat communication disorders?

research scientists

how audiometry works

respond to the things they hear by using a button they are holding threshold of hearing is determined goes until client isn't responding or 2/3 presentations

which hearing loss is caused by damage to hair cells

sensorineural

total communication

sign and spoken

manual communication

sign language

basilar membrane

sound analyzer middle of cochlea

what is represented in this audiogam?

speech banana: shows that different hearing impairments can impact which speech sounds client can hear

where are cochlear implants put

surgically implanted directly stimulates auditory nerve does NOT create "normal" hearing training is needed to interpret sound signals

cochlear implants

surgically-implanted device that stimulates that audiotory nerve. can benefit children with bilateral, profound hearing impairment

which part of the ear does the basilar membrane belong?

the inner ear

fundamental frequency

the lowest frequency of any voice signal

AcousticS sound

the scientific study of sound (waves)

how is the basilar membrane organized?

tonotopically organizer. the base responds to best to high frequencies and the apex responds to best to low frequencies

detecting hearing loss in infants

universal newborn hearing screenings all 50 states have newborn hearing screenings performed by auditory brainstem response (otoacoustic emissions)

how do we look into the ear canal and tympanic membrane (ear drum)?

use an otoscope

pinna

visible part of the ear sound collector, amplifies high-frequency sounds and helps us localize sound (where it's coming from)

Sound waves

we experience sound when our ears are excited by vibrations in the air that surrounds us sets the surrounding air in motion sends alternating waves of compression and rarefaction longitudinal wave

apex

wide and flaccid > low frequency

which axis represents frequency

x-axis

which axis represents intensity

y axis

what is the professional organization for SLPs, audiologists, and speech/language/hearing scientists

ASHA

Why do we need to learn about sound waves?

Carry information like loudness and pitch which get funneled toward the ear, ear drum, and the cochlea - where sound waves are converted to signals that it can be interpreted by the brain

Acoustic sound

Relating to sound or hearing

which careers in comm dis require a professional degree to practice as a clinician?

SLP, audiologist


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