Exam #4 COMM-DIS 100
where is normal hearing located on the audiogram?
0-25 dB
dB of rock conerts
105 dB
dB of a gunshot
140 dB (loudest/most damaging)
normal hearing
2.5 dB
developmental milestones in infants
4-6 months: vowels 7-9 months: canonical balling (CV, CVCV) 12-13 months: first words
dB of raindrops
40 dB
normal conversations
60 dB
the human ear can safely listen to sounds up to
70 dB
assistive technology
FM systems (sound source) amplified phone headsests
units for frequency
Hz
audiogram
a chart showing results of a hearing test (how well you hear sounds in terms of pitch and loudness)
permanent hearing loss in children
about 0.1% of children
hearing intervention in adults
acquired sensorineural hearing impairments are very common in adults (80% of 800+ year olds) only 25% of adults with hearing loss wear hearing aids
2 types of audiometry
air conduction bone condutction
ear canal
air filled cavity about 1 inch long that produces cerumen (ear wax) to protect middle ear and amplifies mild frequency sounds
hearing aids
an electrical device that amplifies sound. can benefit many infants with hearing impairment
hearing loss
anything below 20-30 = slight hearing loss
repair techniques
ask speaker to repeat and rephrase face listener
which area of the brain receives and processes sound information
auditory cortex in the temporal lobe
eustachian tube
back of nasal cavity. drains mucus from middle ear and equalizes pressure between middle ear and environment
vestibular system
balance
ear infections (otitis media)
blockage of eustachian tube mucus cannot drain, it accumulates and becomes infected most common in children < 2 years
symbols to represent the inner ear on audiogram
bone conduction
what does a cochlear implant doo
bypasses the dead hair cells and stimulates the auditory nerve fibers directly
sensorineural hearing loss
caused by damage to the inner ear most often, results from damage to hair cells usually permanent
what is interprofessional practice?
collaborative practice - team based approach (OT, mental health case, special education, behavior resource specialist, SLP_
which hearing loss is caused by damage to the ossicles?
conductive client can hear within normal range through bone conduction but not through air conduction
permanent hearing loss
congenital abnormalities or damage to the pinna, ear canal, ossicles
units for intensity
dB
when is hearing impairment diagnosed in newborns?
diagnose 3 months old intervene 6 months old
incoming sound makes the... vibrate. It then moves to the ossicles (3 tiny bones) and carries the vibration to the inner ear
eardrum
other 50% are
environmental (illness, infection, premature birth, certain medications, noise exposure)
middle ear
filled with air (and lined with a bit of mucus)
how often repetitions of a waveform occur
frequency
50% of cases in children
genetic
cochlea
hearing
bone conduction audiometry
hearing tested through bone vibrator tests how sound travels directly through inner ear tests the function of inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ears
air conduction audiometry
hearing tested through headphones it tests how sound travels through ear canal (tympanic membrane to middle ear to inner ear)
hearing aid styles
in the ear behind ear
cochlea
inch long (snail) coiled filled with fluid contains basilar membrane which has hair cells that convert motion into neural signals
balance and hearing
inner ear
what do sound waves tell us?
intensity (loundness) frequency (pitch)
speechreading
looking at speakers face to help with comprehension
audiometer
machine that plays sounds via headphones and tests ability to hear sounds (pitch and loudness)
what is air-bone gap on the audiogram?
may mean a problem in the outer or middle ear if there is no gap between air and bone conduction it may indicate a problem in the inner ear (cochlea)
intensity (loudness)
measured by the amount of energy in sound waves we measure the amount of energy by the waves amplitude unit of ___ is the decibel (dB)
frequency (pitch)
measured by the speed of energy in sound waves we measure the number of waves that occur per second (cycles per second) unit of ___ is the Hertz (Hz)
which frequency of sounds is amplified by the middle ear
mid level frequency
ossicles
middle ear
which part of the ear does an ear infection occur
middle ear
base
narrow and stiff > high frequency
is there an air-bone gap in central hearing loss?
no, because its a problem with the brain, air conduction tests the outer and middle ear and bone conduction tests the inner ear. air and bone conduction tests will be on the same line
how loud is too loud?
noise-induced hearing damage is related to the duration and volume of exposure. suggests that safe exposure limit is 85 dB for 8 hours a day (busy city traffic)
what is air conduction audiometry?
occurs through air near the ear and it involves the ear canal and eardrum
group of bones in middle ear
ossicles (smallest bones in body)
temporary hearing loss
otitis media (common in young children) foreign body or impacted wax in ear cana;
how can conductive hearing loss be identified
physical inspection of the ear with a otoscope or through air and bone conduction audiometry
what is the outermost part of the ear called?
pinna (visible part)
3 settings SLPs work in?
private practice, hospital, rehab facility, research, skilled nursing facility, outpatient, home health
central hearing impairment
problems understanding speech, even when words are heard caused by damage to the central auditory pathway
conductive hearing loss
problems with the outer and middle ear sounds are not conducted properly to the inner ear loss usually up to 30-60 dB
which profession in the field generates new knowledge about how to diagnose and treat communication disorders?
research scientists
how audiometry works
respond to the things they hear by using a button they are holding threshold of hearing is determined goes until client isn't responding or 2/3 presentations
which hearing loss is caused by damage to hair cells
sensorineural
total communication
sign and spoken
manual communication
sign language
basilar membrane
sound analyzer middle of cochlea
what is represented in this audiogam?
speech banana: shows that different hearing impairments can impact which speech sounds client can hear
where are cochlear implants put
surgically implanted directly stimulates auditory nerve does NOT create "normal" hearing training is needed to interpret sound signals
cochlear implants
surgically-implanted device that stimulates that audiotory nerve. can benefit children with bilateral, profound hearing impairment
which part of the ear does the basilar membrane belong?
the inner ear
fundamental frequency
the lowest frequency of any voice signal
AcousticS sound
the scientific study of sound (waves)
how is the basilar membrane organized?
tonotopically organizer. the base responds to best to high frequencies and the apex responds to best to low frequencies
detecting hearing loss in infants
universal newborn hearing screenings all 50 states have newborn hearing screenings performed by auditory brainstem response (otoacoustic emissions)
how do we look into the ear canal and tympanic membrane (ear drum)?
use an otoscope
pinna
visible part of the ear sound collector, amplifies high-frequency sounds and helps us localize sound (where it's coming from)
Sound waves
we experience sound when our ears are excited by vibrations in the air that surrounds us sets the surrounding air in motion sends alternating waves of compression and rarefaction longitudinal wave
apex
wide and flaccid > low frequency
which axis represents frequency
x-axis
which axis represents intensity
y axis
what is the professional organization for SLPs, audiologists, and speech/language/hearing scientists
ASHA
Why do we need to learn about sound waves?
Carry information like loudness and pitch which get funneled toward the ear, ear drum, and the cochlea - where sound waves are converted to signals that it can be interpreted by the brain
Acoustic sound
Relating to sound or hearing
which careers in comm dis require a professional degree to practice as a clinician?
SLP, audiologist