Exam 4- Physical Science

Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because A) of plate convergence—plates coming together. B) pluton formation tends to develop in an elongate pattern rather than a bubble-like pattern. C) of plate divergence—plates squeezing together. D) they form next to oceanic boundaries.

A) a plate of convergence- plates come together

where do most earthquakes occur? A) along plate boundaries. B) in the oceans. C) On ridges. D) along the Moho discontinuity.

A) along plate boundaries

which rock is more likely to break under stress? A) cold rock. B) hot rock. C) rock deep in earth. D) rock under great pressure.

A) cold rock

Reverse faulting probably resulted from which type of stress A) compressional stress B) pulling apart stress C) a twisting stress D) stress associated with diverging tectonic plates

A) compressional stress

Air temperature and pressure ________ with increasing elevation and ________ as you approach sea level. A) decrease; increase B) increases; decreases C) cools and thins; warms and thins D) cools and becomes denser; warms and becomes more dense

A) decrease; increase

The lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere. Lithospheric movement causes A) earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activity. B) the subduction of continental crust under oceanic crust. C) hot-spot activity as found in Hawaii. D) widespread destruction.

A) earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain building activity

Most of Earth's water is in the A) oceans. B) polar ice caps. C) rivers, lakes, and stream. D) ground.

A) oceans

The fasted seismic wave is a A) primary wave B) secondary wave C) tertiary wave D) rayleigh wave

A) primary wave

The majority of earthquakes (85 percent) are A) shallow focus. B) deep focus. C) lithosphere focus. D) intermediate focus.

A) shallow focus

The speed of a seismic wave depends on A) the type of material it travels through. B) how far it has to travel. C) its amplitude. D) its frequency.

A) the type of material it travels through

The Coriolis force greatly affects the path of air circulation, and is the result of A) global winds. B) Earth's rotation. C) Earth's tilt. D) all of these

B) Earth's rotation

Rocks recover their original shape after strain is released. This type of strain is called A) plastic strain. B) elastic strain. C) fracture strain. D) pop-up strain.

B) elastic strain

The layers of Earth's atmosphere, from top to bottom, are the A) troposphere, stratosphere, ozonosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. B) exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. C) exosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, ozonosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. D) troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the exosphere

B) exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere.

The Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the A) flow of molten liquid in Earth's inner core. B) flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core. C) movement of lithospheric plates in the outer mantle. D) movement of lithospheric plates at Earth's surface.

B) flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core

Rocks at great depths are under A) lower temperature and higher pressure. B) higher temperature and higher pressure. C) higher temperature and lower pressure. D) lower temperature and lower pressure.

B) higher temperature and higher pressure

Earth's first atmosphere was composed of A) oxygen, hydrogen, and helium. B) hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of ammonia and methane. C) gases from volcanic eruptions. D) oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.

B) hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of ammonia and methane.

The mantle is composed of A) iron and nickel. B) iron-rich silicate rocks. C) half liquid and half rocky material. D) solid rock.

B) iron- rich silicate rocks

The main reason ocean tides exist is that the pull of the Moon A) and Sun are in conjunction at high tides and in opposition at low tides. B) is greater on oceans closer to the Moon and less on oceans farther from the Moon. C) is greater on Earth because the Moon is closer to Earth. D) and the Sun on the oceans are in opposite directions. E) none of these

B) is greater on oceans closer to the Moon and less on oceans farther from the Moon.

Continental crust is A) thinner than oceanic crust. B) less dense than oceanic crust. C) more dense than oceanic crust. D) thinner and more dense than oceanic crust.

B) less dense than oceanic crust

Tectonic plates are composed of the A) crust and mantle. B) lithosphere. C) lithosphere and the asthenosphere. D) crust

B) lithosphere

The atmosphere is divided into several layers. The troposphere is the A) lowest and thickest layer, where Earth's weather occurs. B) lowest and thinnest layer, where Earth's weather occurs. C) atmosphere's third and thickest layer. D) lowest and least dense layer in the atmosphere, where Earth's weather occurs.

B) lowest and thinnest layer, where Earth's weather occurs

Secondary waves can travel through all areas of Earth except the A) surface. B) outer core. C) inner core. D) mantle.

B) outer core

We can say that Earth's crust floats on the mantle because A) the mantle is very hot and flows from internal convection. B) part of the mantle is hot enough to flow as a plastic solid. C) the continental crust floats on the oceanic crust. D) the mantle is below the crust.

B) part of the mantle is hot enough to flow as a plastic solid

The removal of "older" crust from the surface of Earth is accomplished by A) erosion. B) subduction. C) transform strain. D) volcanoes.

B) subduction

what is the name given to the force which tends to pull rocks apart? A) compressive stress B) tensional stress C) shear stress D) fracture strain

B) tensional stress

Earth's lower atmosphere is warm because of A) incoming solar radiation. B) terrestrial radiation. C) cloud cover. D) outgoing short-wave radiation.

B) terrestrial radiation.

Temperature increases with altitude in the A) troposphere. B) thermosphere. C) mesosphere. D) all of these

B) thermosphere.

Your ears "pop" when you ascend to higher altitudes because A) air pressure is greater at higher altitudes. B) air temperature is lower at higher altitudes. C) air pressure is lower at higher altitudes. D) air is dryer at higher altitudes.

C) air pressure is lower at higher altitudes.

There are no tides to be seen in the community swimming pool because A) gravitation on the small mass of water is negligibly small. B) it is shallow compared to the ocean. C) all parts of it are practically the same distance from the Moon. D) they are masked by the much stronger pull of Earth's gravity. E) But there are, at nighttime.

C) all parts of it are practically the same distance from the Moon.

The process of deformation that changes Earth's surface is called A) Continental drift. B) Plate tectonics. C) Diastrophism. D) Volcanism.

C) diastorphism

The main volcanic mountains are those associated with A) geosynclines. B) granitic intrusions. C) diverging plate boundaries. D) plates sliding past one another.

C) diverging plate boundaries

Mountains that rise sharply from surrounding land along a steeply inclined fault plane are A) weathered mountains. B) domed mountains. C) fault block mountains. D) folded mountains.

C) fault block mountains

Ozone in the Earth's upper atmosphere A) filters incoming infrared light reaching Earth's surface. B) filters incoming visible light reaching Earth's surface. C) filters incoming ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth's surface. D) acts as a blanket to keep Earth's surface warm.

C) filters incoming ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth's surface

Earth's outer core is A) rock. B) plastic. C) liquid. D) the source for volcanoes.

C) liquid

Motion in a P-wave is A) side to side. B) transverse. C) longitudinal. D) up and down.

C) longitudinal

The asthenosphere is part of the A) crust. B) lithosphere. C) mantle. D) outer core.

C) mantle

Which of the following is not a classification of mountain origin? A) Folding B) Faulting C) Parallel D) Volcanic

C) parallel

Most of Earth's seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain building occur along A) convergent boundaries. B) divergent boundaries. C) plate boundaries. D) transform fault boundaries.

C) plate boundaries

Going from continental land toward the deep ocean basin, the continental margin consists of the A) slope, the shelf, and the rise. B) rise, the slope, and the shelf. C) shelf, the slope, and the rise. D) shelf, abyssal plain, and the mid-ocean ridge.

C) shelf, the slope, and the rise.

Almost all of Earth's supply of energy comes from A) the oceans. B) Earth's interior. C) the Sun. D) carbon dioxide.

C) the sun

The way a given rock responds to a stress depends on A) its temperature. B) how slowly or quickly the stress is applied. C) the confining pressure on the rock. D) all of these are true.

D) all of these are true

Lithospheric plates move in response to A) convection in Earth's interior. B) upper mantle convection cells. C) gravity and heat flow in the mantle. D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle.

D) convection cells generated by gravity and heat flow in the mantle

The tilt of Earth's axis greatly affects the A) change of Earth's seasons. B) hours of daylight. C) intensity of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface. D) distribution of heat energy, hours of daylight, and the change in seasons.

D) distribution of heat energy, hours of daylight, and the change in seasons.

The wind blows in response to A) pressure differences. B) Earth's rotation. C) temperature differences. D) pressure and temperature differences. E) none of these

D) pressure and temperature differences

Plate tectonics states that A) the continents move through Earth's crust like an icebreaker through ice. B) earthquakes occur because tectonic plates break like a dropped dinner plate. C) tectonic plates have not moved since Pangaea broke up. D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion.

D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion

Plate tectonics states that A) the continents move through Earth's crust like an icebreaker through ice. B) earthquakes occur because tectonic plates break like a dropped dinner plate. C) tectonic plates have not moved since Pangaea broke up. D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion.

D) tectonic plates are in slow, but constant motion.

Wind is generated in response to A) temperature differences only. B) pressure differences only. C) the unequal heating of Earth's surface only. D) temperature and pressure differences, and the unequal heating of Earth's surface.

D) temperature and pressure differences, and the unequal heating of Earth's surface