Exam 5 A&P
coronoid process and condylar process
2 projections of the ramus
tip, blade, dorm, root/base, body
5 parts of the tongue
speaking rate slower, oral cavity increases, tissues thinner, drier//
8 effects of aging
inferior longitudinal
____ _____ inserts near the lower surface of the tongue tip
transverse
____ inserts in the fibrous tissue along the side of the tongue
inferior longitudinal; root
_____ ______ originates from the hyoid bone at the ____ of the tongue
middle; median raphe
_____ constrictor originates from the greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament and inserts into the ___________ of the posterior pharyngeal wall
vertical
_____ originates from just beneath the dorsum of the tongue
styloglossus
_____ originates from the side of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the stylomandibular ligament
oral; oral; alveolar
_____ vestibule is the front part of the _____ cavity and includes the lips, cheeks, front teeth and anterior segments of the ________ process of the maxilla and mandible
internal pteryoid
______ ______ inserts on the surface of the angle and ramus of the mandible
mucous
______ lining covers the inner surface of the pharyngeal-oral apparatus
constrictors; inward; forward
______ pull pharyngeal walls ______ and ________ to constrictor the pharynx
transverse
_______ originates from the median fibrous skeleton of the tongue
inferior; posterior
________ constrictor originates from the sides of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and inserts in the median raphe of the _________ pharyngeal wall
temporalis; parietal
________ originates from the inferior temporal line of the _______ bone and greater wing of the sphenoid bone
stylopharyngeus; temporal; middle
________ originates from the styloid process of the ________ bone and inserts in the lateral pharyngeal wall near the juncture of the superior and _______ constrictor muscles and into the thyroid cartilage
alveolar; downward
________ process extends ______ and houses the upper teeth
temporalis; coronoid
_________ inserts on the inner surface and front border on the ________ process and front surface of the ramus of the mandible
mylohyoid
_________ originates along the inner surface of the body of the mandible
external pteryoid; lateral
_________ originates from the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and from the ________ pteryoid plate
stylopharyngeus
__________ pulls on the pharynx and pulls the lateral walls outward (widens the pharynx)
tongue; pockets; taste buds
a specialized mucosa covers the _________ that contains small ________ that house _________
stratified squamous epithelium
another name for pharyngeal-oral apparatus
mandible
another name for the lower jaw
ramus
branch from the body of each side
hyoglossus
contraction lowers the tongue body and draws it backward
styloglossus
contraction of ____ can draw the tongue body upward and backward, pull the side of the tongue upward, shorten the tongue, and/or pull the tongue tip toward the side
inferior longitudinal
contraction of the ____ ____ shortens the tongue and pulls the tip downward
superior longitudinal; upward
contraction of the _____ ______ can shorten the tongue, pull the tip _____ and pull the lateral margins upward
vertical
contraction of the ______ flattens the tongue
geniohyoid; hyoid
contraction of the ______ pulls down on the mandible (with the ____ bone relatively fixed)
transverse
contraction of the _______ narrows and elongates the tongue
palatoglossus; inward
contraction of the _______ pulls upward, backward and ______ on the root of the tongue
downward; fixed
contraction of the digastric pulls ________ on the mandible (with the hyoid bone relatively _____)
downward; forward
contraction of the external pteryoid pulls the mandible _________ and ________
upward; backward
contraction of the inner layer of the masseter pulls _________ and _________ on the mandible
upward
contraction of the internal pteryoid pulls _______ on the mandible
down; fixed
contraction of the mylohyoid pulls _____ on the mandible (with the hyoid bone relatively ________)
upward
contraction of the outer layer of the masseter pulls _______ on the mandible
upward; backward
contraction of the temporalis pulls ______ and ______ on the mandible
men have larger pharyngeal-oral structures, pharynx relatively longer in men, men are stronger and speak faster
differences between sexes
palatine; horizontally; palatine; 3/4ths
each bone of the maxilla has a _________ process that extends ________ to midline and joins with the _________process form the opposite side to form the front ______ of the hard palate
condyle
external pteryoid inserts into the neck of the ________ of the mandible
styloglossus, palatoglossus, hypoglossus, genioglossus
extrinsic lingual muscles
10
how many baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth
16
how permanent teeth do we have?
palatoglossus
inserts into the side of the root of the tongue
hyoglossus
inserts into the side of the tongue near the back
superior/inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
intrinsic lingual muscles
cranium (braincase) and facial skeleton
name 2 divisions of the skull
thyropharyngeus (upper) and criciopharyngeus (lower)
name the 2 parts of the inferior constrictor
pharyngeal; oral; buccal
name the 3 cavities
pharynx, mandible, tongue, lips
name the 4 muscles
massester, temporalis, integral pterygoid, external pteryoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
name the 7 mandibular muscles
genioglossus
originates from the inner surface of the body of the mandible near the midline
hyoglossus
originates from the upper border of the body and greater cornua of the hyoid bone
vertical
the ____ inserts near the sides of the lower surface of the tongue
superior longitudinal; front; upper
the _____ _____ inserts into the _____ edges of the tongue and the _____ surface of the tongue tip
buccal; gums; teeth
the ______ cavity constitutes the space between the _______ and the _______ (gingival) internally and the lips and cheeks externally
buccal
the _______ cavity lies to the sides of the oral cavity. it constitutes the space between the gum and the teeth and the lips and cheeks externally
oral
the ________ cavity extends from the lips to the anterior facial pillars
internal pterygoid; palatine
the _________ _______ originates from the lateral pterygoid plate and perpendicular plate of the ________ bone
Temporomandibular; capsule
the _________ joints are enclosed by fibrous _______ and are lubricated by synovial fluid
behind; 3; pharynx
the cervical vertebrae lie just ______ the ____ subdivisions of the ________
tendon
the digastric (anterior belly) inserts into a ....
rising and lowering movements of the mandible relative to the skull
the hinge-like movement of the mandible is reflected in:
masseter; ramus; coronoid
the inner layer of the _________ originates from the entire length of the zygomatic arch and inserts into the outer surface of the upper half of the __________ and its ________ process
2; midline
the maxilla is ___ bones that combine at ________
upper; hard
the maxilla is the _____ jaw and most of the _____ palate
condylar process
the movement of the temporomandibular joint occurs at the
epithelium; connective tissue
the mucous lining consists of an outer layer of _________ and inner layer of ____________ (lamina propria)
external pterygoid muscle
the muscle that has the best capabilities ability to slide the mandible forward relative to the skull is the
superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
the muscles that run from the back to front of the tongue included the
ramus
the nearly vertical part of the mandible is called the:
masseter; zygomatic; ramus
the outer layer (bulk of muscle) of the _________ originates along the front part of the _________ arch and inserts on the angle and outer surface of the _______ of the mandible
vertebral column; bones
the skeleton includes portions of the _______ and _____ of the skull
the tooth-bearing process of both the maxilla and mandible
the term "alveolar process" is applied to
all have some attachment to the hyoid bone
the three muscles the can pull down on the mandible
alveolar process
tooth-bearing portion
buccal
what cavity lies to the sides of the oral cavity?
masticatory mucosa (with collagen sub flooring)
what covers the gums and hard palate?
internal pteryoid
what forms a muscular sling with the masseter around the angle of the mandible?
mylohyoid
what inserts into a tendinous midline raphe or the most front surface on hyoid bone?
styloglossus
what inserts into the sides of the root of the tongue and from the fibers run in various directions
mandible
what is another word for the lower jaw
the maxilla
what is formed from two separate bones, both of which join in the midline
the space between the gums and teeth and the cheeks and lips
what is the best definition of the buccal cavity
the bulk of the tongue is made up of the muscles plus non-muscluar connective tissue
what is the best description concerning the anatomical structure of the tongue
pharynx
what is the name of the tube that can be changed in shape and size by pharyngeal muscles and surrounding structure
superior longitudinal; root
what originates from the hyoid bone within the ___ of the tongue
geniohyoid; hyoid
what originates from the inner surface of the front of the mandible to the front of the body of the _______ bone (runs essentially parallel to the anterior belly of the digastric)
digastric (anterior belly)
what originates from the inside of the lower border of the mandible
palatoglossus
what originates from the lower surface of the palatal aponeurosis (broad fibrous tissue
masticatory mucosa
what type of mucosa with collagen subflooring covers the gums and hard palate
the tongue will narrow and lengthen
when the transverse muscle of the tongue contrasts what is likely to happen to the tongue shape (assuming all other muscle contractions are held constant)
temporomandibular
which joints have an ovoid process that fits into an oval shape within the temporal bone. ( can be plated just below ear canals when mandible is raised/lowered)
temporomandibular ligaments
which ligaments stabilize the limit the movements of the temporomandibular joints
styloglossus muscle
which of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue has the best capability to pull the root of the tongue upward and backward
because the tongue behaves like an incompressible bag of water (like a muscular hydrostat)
why does the tongue flatten and get broader (greater side-to-side dimensions) when its vertical muscle fibers contract (assuming all other muscle contractions are held constant)