EXAM 6 AND FINAL EXAM

Looking over the following food choices, which one of the selections would DECREASE one's food footprint the most?

Cooking a vegetable pasta with local ingredients instead fish sticks from a processing center

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2, and cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO2.

consumes; produces

Thinking about the evidence of climate change presented in this chapter, select from the following those factors that have decreased as a result of climate change.

sea ice and tempeture of the land

Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere

How do greenhouse gases cause climate warming?

Greenhouse gases prevent radiation of infrared energy back into space, trapping the heat near the earth's surface and causing the climate to warm.

Select all of the following that lower an individual's carbon footprint.

Heating through passive solar and geothermal energyCarpooling or taking public transportation

Scientists are hopeful that there are solutions to climate change. What are the three things that are required to reduce the long-term impacts of climate change?

New forms of alternative energyNew forms of alternative energy A positive change in personal choices

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of nuclear energy, especially compared to other alternative energy sources?

Nuclear energy is not always safe because of the radioactivity involved.

A(An) ______ represents the interactions of biological communities and the abiotic factors within the inhabited location.

ecosystem

Which of the following acts as a source of carbon dioxide within the carbon cycle?

Respiration from humans and animals

Which of the following would fall under the definition of an alternative energy?

solar

Which of the following produces the greatest amount of carbon emissions and has the greatest impact on the human carbon footprint?

Driving cars powered by gasoline

From the list provided, select all sources of methane production.

decomposition of organic material the burning of fossil fuels

According to this figure, Arctic Sea ice is _____ on average.

decreasing in volume

Climate can best be described as

the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.

One of the biggest human-caused contributors to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations from 300 ppm to over 400 ppm is __________.

the burning of fossil fuels and the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.

global warming

Photosynthesis takes carbon in from the atmosphere and uses it to form ______, the energy source for all plants and animals to use in cellular respiration.

glucose

Select all of the following examples of extreme weather that are strongly attributed to global climate change.

an increase in extreme flooding events an increase in volcanic explosions an increase in the severity of hurricanes

As a group, the __________ gases allow solar energy to pass through Earth's atmosphere but absorb heat energy as energy passes back through the atmosphere into outer space.

greenhouse

The greenhouse effect

is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

Evolution is a natural process that occurs over time. Evolution has been disrupted by climate change because the changes are occuring at such a rapid rate,

species are not able to adapt to the changes fast enough.

When fossil fuels are burned, they will __________.

produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will increase the effects of climate change.

If a scientist was studying methods to reduce the heating of earth by reducing the amount of solar heat from being trapped in greenhouse gases, this scientist would be studying

solar radiation management.

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____.

CO2

Burning fossil fuels releases O2 into the atmosphere.

TRUE

As climate change continues, the prevalence of vector-borne disease has increased. Why is this?

As climates have warmed and winters have become less severe, the range of mosquitos and ticks has increased, bringing with them the diseases they carry.

Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned.

CARBON

Which of the following statements correctly describes a greenhouse gas? (Select all that apply)

CO2 is generated by the combustion of fossil fuels.The main atmospheric form of carbon is CO2.

Agricultural crops are being genetically engineered to be more tolerant of climate change. Which of the following describes a change that would help crops be more tolerant of climate change?

Engineer crops to withstand extremely hot temperatures.

Which of the following extreme weather events are strongly linked to human-caused climate change?

Extreme precipitation events Heat waves

Which of the following technologies seeks to manipulate components of the environment to bring about positive change?

Geoengineering

Which of the following is an example of an alternative energy that uses renewable resources?

Geothermal energy

In what way is new technologies beneficial as we work to mitigate climate change?

Many technologies have the potential to reduce the impacts of the greenhouse effect and prevent climate change from getting any worse.

What is the main difference in the formation of coal vs. the formation of natural gas and oil?

Natural gas and oil formed mainly from deposits of plants and animals living in oceans and coal formed mainly from the remains of plants and animals in swampy anoxic environments.

Which of the following sources of alternative energy involves using uranium or other materials to split the nucleus of an atom?

Nuclear energy

How does climate change affect earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

Which of the following have scientists shown to be the link between climate change and the survival rate of invasive species?

The ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions

When reading the forecast, which of the following would be the best description of climate of a region? Select all that apply.

The average temperature of a region The average rainfall of a region

Which of the following processes contributes the greatest amount of CO2 to the atmosphere?

The burning of fossil fuels

Which of the following does NOT represent evidence for climate change affecting organisms at the individual/species level?

The depletion of the ozone layer, due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the higher atmosphere, has caused an increase of skin cancers seen in animals

Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming?

The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?

The visible spectrum of light

Scientists have been recording increased levels of carbon dioxide. The increased levels are due to

humans burning fossils fuels. Carbon that was formerly sequestered in reservoirs is now being released into the atmosphere at an alarming rate.

What two products of the light reaction are used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

Fossil fuels play a role in the carbon cycle

All of the answer choices are correct

How do invasive species impact ecosystems?

All of the answer choices are correct

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?

All of the answer choices are correct.

Climate change influences individuals and species by

All of the answer choices are correct.

In relation to the carbon cycle, why is photosynthesis an important metabolic process to organisms on the planet?

Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. The sugar products of photosynthesis are used as energy by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants

Which of the following descriptions correctly explains the difference between climate and weather?

Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation. Weather describes the short-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.

Climate change can influence the ecosystem levels. However, these influences do not impact the animals. Group starts

FALSE

Hurricanes and other severe precipitation events have started becoming weaker and less intense as a result of climate change. Group starts

FALSE

The last 18 years have been cooler than previously because human activity has decreased. Group starts

FALSE

While scientists have seen an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, to date there has been no evidence to support the relationship between the increase of carbon dioxide and global warming

FALSE

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease

Which of the following statements concerning fossil fuels is NOT accurate?

Increasing carbon dioxide increases the radiation that can escape the biosphere and increases global temperatures.

Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?

It decreases the amount of carbonate in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.

Why is solar energy considered to be a better option in mitigating climate change?

It releases far less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere compared to burning fossil fuels.

What is the role of light during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Light energy is absorbed and used to excite electrons in the pigment molecules.

Select all of the following statements that correctly describe photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which allows other organisms to conduct cellular respiration Photosynthesis produces sugars, which are used as an energy source by plants and other organisms.

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

The __________ is defined as all the living organisms on Earth along with the physical environment in which they live.

biosphere

The measure of the impact on climate change by a person or a company is known as their

carbon footprint.

Hemlock trees support life of other organisms. Climate change has increased the rate of infection of Hemlocks with woolly adelgid. These kill the trees which decrease the habitat of animals and other insects. This is an example of how climate change impacts the

community level.

Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an)

photon.

From the list, select all that influence the average temperature of the planet.

precipitation volcanic eruptions and cycling of the sun

Of the following, which two characteristics define climate?

temperature amount of precipitation

Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet?

Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation

______ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon-based molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms.

Glucose

The decrease in the ocean's pH is called ocean acidification. What impact has this had on shellfish?

Their shells are weak due to the lack of calcification

Methane

All of the answer choices are correct.

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

If the downward slope of the line continues, what would be the expected sea ice volume in 2020?

A little over 13.5 millions of square kilometers

The carbon cycle includes

All of the answer choices are correct.

Which of the following is evidence that weather patterns have changed because of climate change?

All of the answer choices are correct.

Which of the following characteristics would likely determine if a species is able to successfully adapt to a changing climate?

An organism that has a broad tolerance for temperature

Which of the following choices explains how anthropogenic climate change differs from naturally occurring changes to the climate?

Anthropogenic climate change occurs at such a rapid pace it is leaving organisms less time to adapt to their changing environment.

When it comes to the carbon footprint, because of its required usage of land, ______ is the most costly food source.

beef

Which of the following is an indicator of climate change?

Decrease in snow cover and glaciers

Which of the following diets would contribute to the lowest carbon footprint?

Vegan (only eating vegetable-based foods)

One consequence of climate change is change in temperature and precipitation patterns, which results in

an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves.

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall ______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall ______ in ice formations.

increase; decrease

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric CO2 as a result of

increased human activity.

Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been

increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming