Exam 6-In defense of food documentary
In the 1970s, did Americans actually reduce their intake of fat? If not, which nutrient did they increase instead?
No ; Carbohydrates
Why are certain communities impacted by type 2 diabetes more than others?
Body type, diet and lifestyle, cultural differences, and genetics
In the 1970s, epidemiological evidence revealed that excess saturated fat is associated with higher rates of heart disease. In response, Americans were urged to reduce fat in their diets. However the food industry used this as an opportunity to market "low-fat" foods and the result was not a reduction in fat, but an increase in total calories in the form of what nutrient?
Carbohydrates
An imbalance of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids is associated with an increased risk of what diseases?
Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
At the end of the 19th century, the invention of roller milling, a process that quickly removes the bran and germ from whole grain flour, allowed for the mass production of refined white bread. What were some of the health consequences of removing the nutritious bran and germ from whole grains?
Essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals are lost. The loss of the bran and germ increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers, and other health problems
Dietary sources of Omega-6 fatty acids?
Omega-6 fatty acids can be found in sunflower, safflower, soy, sesame, and corn oils
The average American now consumes about 1000% more ______ than 200 years ago.
Sugar per day
What does Pollin mean when he says "eat food"?
To eat real food
Previously an adult-onset disease, young children are now being diagnosed with ________ as a result of the obesity epidemic.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular diseases
What is Michael Pollin's basic advice for choosing a healthful diet? Does this align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Eat food, not too much, mostly plants ; Yes
What does the latest evidence suggest about a plant-based diet?
Evidence suggests that a plant-based diet can help patients with type 2 diabetes achieve weight loss and improve glycemic control
In the 1970s, Americans were advised to reduce their ________ intakes to help prevent heart disease.
Fat
What are the primary sources of Omega-3 fatty acids?
Foods high in Omega-3 include fish, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts(, flax seeds, flaxseed oil, and leafy vegetables
When considering factors associated with the risk of obesity and diabetes, consumption of ______ has been shown to be one of the most important factors.
Glucose (sugar)
Higher intake of red meat is associated with a higher risk of ________ , _________ , and _________ .
Heart disease, Pneumonia, and Diabetes
What is unique about the Seventh-day adventists diet/lifestyle?
It's typically a plant-based diet that discourages eating most animal products, as well as foods, beverages, and substances deemed to be "unclean" in the bible
What communities are impacted by type 2 diabetes the most?
Latinos/Hispanics, African Americans, American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, Arab Americans, and Asian Americans
Why are Omega-6 fatty acids more commonly used in processed foods than Omega-3 fatty acids?
Many fried and processed foods contain corn, cottonseed, or soybean oil. If a person eats a lot of these foods, their Omega-6 intake may be much higher than their Omega-3 intake
What is the difference between nutritionism and nutrition science?
Nutrition studies the relationship between foods and its effect on an individuals health. Nutritionism considers topics such as obesity, malnutrition, food insecurity, and nutritional deficiencies. In comparison, nutrition science considers a chemical, biological, and physical properties of food in relation to manufacturing, processing, and storage of food products
What may contribute to the French's lower rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease compared to American's?
Physical activity ; The average French adult achieves 30-60 minutes a day of moderate activity. Relatively few Americans exercise for this length of time
What population in Loma Linda, California has a longer life expectancy than any other group in the U.S.?
Seventh-day adventists
What are the metabolic implications of excess fructose consumption?
Steatosis, increased glucose production, hypertriglyceridemia, increased adiposity, and hypertension
What is unique about the way the French eat compared to Americans?
The French's approach to food is to eat all types of food, slowly, conversing while eating, drinking wine with dinner and never without food
What is "nutritionism" as defined by Michael Pollin?
The notion that food is an amalgam of nutrients, whose effects can be mixed and matched, the good magnified or the evil mitigated, food by food, meal by meal, diet plan by diet plan, for the desired impact on the body or even if we don't alter our foods, we can eat them confidently
What are the primary functions of Omega-3 fatty acids?
They provide the starting point for making hormones that regulate blood clotting, contraction and relaxation of artery walls, and inflammation
What type of food is Pollin referring to when he says to "eat food"?
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and meat
