Exam 7 Lab

Kidney stones are also known as renal ________. Epithelial cells Calculi Casts Crystals

Calculi

________ always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas ________ may be present normally in small amounts. Casts; crystals Epithelial cells; calcium oxalate crystals Trace amounts of RBCs; calcium carbonate crystals Epithelial cells; calcium carbonate crystals

Casts; crystals

Many nephrons empty into a ________. Collecting duct Columnar duct Renal tubule Microcalyx

Collecting duct

The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal ________. Cortex Pelvis Column Medulla

Cortex

The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area. Renal pelvis Trigone Hilum Renal medulla

Hilum

Which of the following directly enclose the papilla of the renal pyramid? Minor calyx Renal column Renal pelvis Major calys

Major calyx

Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to ________. a transfusion reaction obesity and gross overeating diets very low in carbohydrates hepatitis or other liver pathologies

diets very low in carbohydrates

Normal constituents of urine do not include ________. K Urea Na Glucose

Glucose

Which of the following may cause hemoglobin to appear in the urine? Hemolytic anemias Bleeding in the urinary tract Mosquito bites Sun burns

Hemolytic anemia

Since urine contains dissolved solutes, it has ________ specific gravity than (as) water. a higher a lower the same

Higher

Hyaline casts are formed when ________. filtrate pH is low salt concentration in filtrate is low filtrate flow is rapid

filtrate pH is low

The urine sample that you are testing has an abnormally low pH. Its pH was ________. 6.5 4.5 3.5 5.5

3.5

The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is called the ________. Arcuate artery Cortical radiate artery Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole

Micturition is a synonym for ________. Incontinence Urinary frequency Emptying the bladder Full bladder

Emptying the bladder

What is true about the renal processes for making urine? Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule. Reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule. Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule, reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule, and secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule. Secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule.

A fenestrated squamous epithelium can be observed in this structure within the kidney. Distal convoluted tubule Nephron loop Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule

Glomulerus

Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine. Collecting ducts Afferent and efferent arterioles Major and minor calyces Nephrons

Nephrons

These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus. Columnar cells podocytes Squamous cells Cuboidal cells

Podocytes

Pathological conditions that cause albuminuria include ________. Hemolytic anemia Poisoning Tumors of the urinary tract Eating too much protein

Poisoning

In which segment of the nephron would you find cuboidal cells with many microvilli and mitochondria? Glomerulus Distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Nephron Loop (Thin segment)

Proximal convoluted tubule

________ indicates the presence of white blood cells or other pus constituents in the urine. Albuminuria Ketonuria Hematuria Pyuria

Pyuria

What is true about the urethral sphincters? Both sphincters are under voluntary control. The external urethral sphincter is under involuntary control. The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle. The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control

The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle.

Which of the following is present in normal urine? Bilirubin Albumin Nitrites Urobilinogen

Urobillinogen

This type of epithelium is found lining the inside of the urinary bladder. Simple cuboidal Transitional Simple squamous Stratified squamous

Transitional

Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood? Filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Tubular reabsorption

Glycosuria is characteristic of ________. Starvation Infection of urinary tract Uncontrolled DM Excessive exertion

Uncontrolled DM

The functions of the urinary system include ________. maintaining acid-base and fluid balance excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance excreting nitrogenous wastes maintaining electrolyte balance

excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance

During filtration in the nephron, substances move ________. from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus from the glomerulus into the nephron from the nephron into the peritubular capillary from the peritubular capillary into the nephron

from the glomerulus into the nephron

Tubular secretion in the nephron is a process by which substances move ________. from the nephron into the peritubular capillary from the glomerulus into the nephron from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus from the peritubular capillary into the nephron

from the peritubular capillary into the nephron

This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron. glomerular capsule glomerulus renal corpuscle peritubular capillary

glomerulus

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: ________. proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, glomerulus nephron loop, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop glomerulus, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop

The juxtamedullary nephrons ________. are located almost entirely within the renal cortex play an important role in concentrating urine are most numerous have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla

have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine

Blood flows from the peritubular capillary to the renal vein through this sequence of vessels. cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein, arcuate vein arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein interlobar vein, arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein

interlobar vein, arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein

The juxtaglomerular apparatus ________. contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole

is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop

Of the following urinary system organs, major homeostatic functions are performed by the ________. urinary bladder ureters urethra kidneys

kidneys

As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures. minor calyces, renal pelvis, major calyces, ureter major calyces, minor calyces, ureter, renal pelvis renal pelvis, minor calyces, major calyces, ureter minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

The pathway taken by blood from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole is, in correct sequence, ________. interlobar artery, segmental artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery cortical radiate artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery arcuate artery, interlobar artery, segmental artery, cortical radiate artery

segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery

The veins that drain the kidney include all of those below except ________. arcuate veins cortical radiate veins segmental veins interlobar veins

segmental veins

Freshly voided urine ________. smells slightly aromatic has an ammonia-like odor smells fruity (like acetone) has a strong, pungent smell

smells slightly aromatic

The nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a looping, ladder-like blood vessel called the ________. peritubular capillary perinephron capillary medullary loop vasa recta

vasa recta