Exam: Chapter 20

Venous valves channel blood away from the heart (T or F)

False

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

hepatic portal vein

All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except

increased bp

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT:

increased hematocrit

Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the

medulla oblongata

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

muscular

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure EXCEPT:

release of Renin

The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

sinusoids

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the duodenum, and most of the large intestine is the

superior mesenteric artery

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

____________ hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

Vasculogenesis refers to

the formation of the first vessels

________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system.

total peripheral resistance

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

vasoconstriction

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

vasodilation

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the _________.

venules

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit rapid blood-tissue exchange

capillaries

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

RBCs move single file through this structure.

capillary

________ are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network.

collaterals

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries.

common iliac

____________ capillaries have a complete basement membrane

continuous

Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?

decreasing the diameter of the blood vessel

The fetal dorsal aorta later forms the adult

descending aorta

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery

internal carotid

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.

internal jugular

Edema is not favored when

interstitial fluid movement increases

Which of the following does not affect blood flow through the body?

kidney disease

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium

Sinusoids can be found in the ______________.

liver

An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the ________ circuit.

oxygenated/systemic

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the _________.

precapillary sphincters

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure

pulse

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply.

renal artery

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the

basilar artery

What is the order in which fetal blood would pass through the following structures after leaving the heart? 1. pulmonary trunk 2. foramen ovale 3. umbilical arteries 4. umbilical vein 5. ductus venosus 6. right atrium

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit. venules arterioles capillaries elastic arteries medium veins large veins muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for

A serious hemorrhage

You are likely to find red blood cells moving single file through this structure.

capillary

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to both a decrease in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure (T/F)

T

A person is likely to experience venoconstriction during exercise to increase the amount of blood that is returned to the heart (T/F)

True

Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space into the capillary. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure (T or F)

True

Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to carbon dioxide, oxygen and pH. (T/F)

True

Materials can move across capillary walls by diffusion, filtration, and reabsorption

True

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body accelerates reabsorption of water in the kidneys. (T/F)

True

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate?

a trained athlete

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

atrioventricular septal defect

The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is _________.

epinephrine

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

external elastic membrane

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Materials can move across capillary walls by

filtration, diffusion, reabsorption

The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the

foramen ovale

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs