Exam edge part 7
Which of the following statements would best describe a pixel? A transducer assembly The unit into which the imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument A unit of impedance The force divided by the area in a fluid
The unit into which the imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument
Which of the following statements would not be considered correct regarding ventricular septal defects? There would be a left to right shunt They are more common in males than males These would be considered the most common of the survivable dysmorphologies There would be a right to left shunt
There would be a right to left shunt
If a chemical is being stored in a container other than the original package it came in, which of the following would be considered appropriate? Would require a secondary container label Would require no labeling Would require the name of the chemical to be written on the front of the container with a permanent marker This should absolutely never be done
Would require a secondary container label
Which of the following is a normal left ventricle thickness in a female? .6-.9 cm .1-3 cm 1.6-2.0 cm .9-1.6 cm
.6-.9 cm
Which of the following is a normal left ventricle thickness in a male? .1-.3 cm 1.6-2.0 cm 1.0-1.6 cm .6-1.0 cm
.6-1.0 cm
The best Doppler angle would be considered which of the following? 10 or 150 5 or 200 50 or 200 0 or 180
0 or 180
In an adult, the upper limit of the aortic end diastolic dimensions is which of the following? 1.6 cm/m2 at the annulus / 2.1 cm/m2 sinuses 2.1 cm/m2 at the annulus / 1.6 cm/m2 sinuses 2 cm/m2 at the annulus / 4.5 cm/m2 sinuses 4.3 cm/m2 at the annulus / 7.8 cm/m2 sinuses
1.6 cm/m2 at the annulus / 2.1 cm/m2 sinuses
Infrasound would be considered sound with a frequency of less than many Hz? 40 100 10,000 20
20
The signal processing would include which of the following? Detection Compression of echo data Data imaging Both a and b
Both a and b
When performing an ultrasound on a fetus in the third trimester, which of the following would be considered to be an enlarged bladder? <60 mm's >30 mm's >10 mm's >60 mm's
>60 mm's
Which of the following would not considered correct regarding the right atrial appendage? Broad based Has pectinate muscles Has a guarding crista A finger like structure with a narrow base
A finger like structure with a narrow base
Which of the following would not be common areas for ultrasound guided biopsies? Lungs Liver Gall bladder Brain
Brain
Of the following, which would be considered the muscles of the heart wall? Epicardium Endocardium Myocardium Dermal layer
Myocardium
All but which of the following might be considered part of the typical treatment of pericarditis? Acetaminophen Antibiotics NSAIDS Colchicine
Acetaminophen
The patient that has been diagnosed with pericarditis might be treated with all which of the following medications? Steroids Colchicine NSAIDS Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen
Which of the following would be considered a layer of the aorta wall? Adventitia Myocardium Epithelial Dermal
Adventitia
Of the following, which could have the pitch to mimic a cardiac mass on an ultrasound? Chiari network Pectinate muscles Trabeculations All of the above
All of the above
Of the following, which might a physician order an MRI of the abdomen/pelvis to help diagnose? Blockage Prostate problems Uterine/ovary problems All of the above
All of the above
Pericarditis would be considered common in patients that have which of the following conditions? Polymyositis SLE Mixed connective tissue disease All of the above
All of the above
The presence of which of the following would be considered valuable when needing? To diagnose the patient with chest pain? Right ventricular dysfunction Elevated pulmonary pressures Pericardial effusion All of the above
All of the above
All but which of the following cardiac defects have the potential to cause central cyanosis? Ebstein anomaly Aortic aneurysm Tetralogy of fallot Functionally single ventricle
Aortic aneurysm
Which of the following is the structure that allows blood to travel to the aorta from the left side of the heart? Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Aortic valve Mitral valve
Aortic valve
The echo _____ would be responsible for the "Doppler Effect "? Display Intensity Arrival time Shift
Arrival time
The standardized intravascular ultrasound protocol should include careful uninterrupted imaging of all but which of the following? The entire proximal reference back to the aorta At the least, 10 mm of the distal reference The site of the lesion At the least, 20 mm of the distal reference
At the least, 20 mm of the distal reference
The most common cause of an aortic aneurysm would be considered which of the following? Trauma Aortic dissection Atherosclerosis Congestive heart failure
Atherosclerosis
Where would the sinus of valsalva be located? In front of each cusp of the pulmonic valve Behind each cusp of the aortic valve In front of each cusp of the aortic valve Behind the AV node
Behind each cusp of the aortic valve
Of the following examinations, which would potentially take the most amount of allocated appointment time? Pregnancy dating Referral for gynecologic indications Bedside examinations Biopsies
Bedside examinations
The technician receives a 70 year old male patient that is scheduled for a cardiac ultrasound. Upon arrival the patient is alert and oriented with vital signs within normal range. Approximately 15 minutes into the procedure, the patient starts to complain of crushing chest pain and becomes diaphoretic. Of the following, which would be considered the first thing the technician should do? Start CPR Shock the patient with 360 j Stop the test and let the patient rest for 15 minutes Call for help and place oxygen on the patient
Call for help and place oxygen on the patient
When myocardial ischemia occurs, which of the following might be considered the most common sign/symptom? Chest pain Headaches Cool/dry skin A slow heartbeat
Chest pain
The aortic obstruction can be considered to be divided into all but which of the following? Circular hypoplasia of some part of the aortic arch Aortic arch interruption Tubular hypoplasia of some part of the aortic arch system Localized coartation in close proximity to a ligamentum
Circular hypoplasia of some part of the aortic arch
Which of the following can occur if there is a localized narrowing of the patients descending aorta? Coarctation of the aorta Aortic stenosis Atrial septal defect Pulmonary stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
A curved linear array would be considered which of the following? Bit Convex array Backscatter Density
Convex array
The final report of the ultrasound guided procedure should include all of the following except? Who performed the procedure Cost of the exam Any complications The needle/device gauge/type
Cost of the exam
Which of the following would not be a characteristic of ultrasonic waves? 1540 m/s in most biological tissues Piezoelectric crystals -1.2 to 15 MHz Reflected waves
Reflected waves
In a tube, the volumetric flow rate would depend on all but which of the following? Viscosity of the fluid The thickness of the tube Pressure difference Diameter of the tube
The thickness of the tube
If the patient has cardiac tamponade, there would be an inspiratory _____ in peak velocity across the MV with an inspiratory ______ in peak velocity across the TV? Decrease/increase Increase/increase Decrease/decrease Increase/decrease
Decrease/increase
Which of the following would not be one of the typical findings in heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF)? Dilated dysfunction with reduced compliance Normal ejection fraction > 50% Normal to mildly dilated LV Diastolic dysfunction stage 1-3
Dilated dysfunction with reduced compliance
When an echo finding, the preload would be indicative of which of the following? Contraction Hypertrophy Reversal Dilation
Dilation
Which of the following would be considered a thin, flat, circular object? Bit Cycle Echo Disk
Disk
All but which of the following would not be considered part of the beam former? Display Pulser Echo displays Amplifiers
Display
Which of the following would be considered the capability of doing work? Energy Frequency Focal zone Frame
Energy
When performing a transesophageal echocardiography, when would a bite guard not be used? If the patient is in kidney failure If the patient is over the ge 60 If the patient is edentulous If the patient is a diabetic
If the patient is edentulous
Which of the following is the structure that allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle? Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Aortic valve Mitral valve
Mitral valve
All but which of the following would be considered a primary pericardial tumor? Localized fibrous tumors Fibroelastomas Liposarcomas Malignant spindle cell tumors
Fibroelastomas
Which of the following would not be included in the medical history prior to the procedure? Potential diagnosis Age Financial status Allergies
Financial status
Of the following, which would not be considered a typical storage device for ultrasounds? Photographs Magneto-optical discs Firewalls DVDs
Firewalls
The human heart would be considered the approximate size of which of the following? Golf ball Grapefruit Fist Baseball
Fist
If there is a constant display of one of the frames in the memory, it would be considered which of the following? Focal zone Frequency Freeze frame Fresnel zone
Freeze frame
All but which of the following would be considered terms that are used interchangeably for the region which lies beyond a distance of one near zone length? Fresnel zone Far field Far zone Fraunhofer zone
Fresnel zone
All of the following might damage or weaken the heart muscle of an individual except? Hyperthyroidism Myocarditis Glaucoma Congenital heart defects
Glaucoma
Of the following, which would not be considered a sign of a heart attack in a woman? Headaches Malaise Arrhythmias Heartburn
Headaches
Which of the following would be considered the main sign of heart valve disease? Back pain Low urinary output Flat neck veins Heart murmur
Heart murmur
Which of the following might cause a mixed echogenic splenic mass with multiple anechoic cysts? Gall bladder stones Hemangiomas Cerebral bleed Petechiae
Hemangiomas
The cardiovascular imaging application which utilizes a miniature transducer that is secured at the end of a flexible catheter which is inserted into arteries for in vivo visualization of vascular anatomy would be considered which of the following? TEE ICE IVUS MRI
IVUS
If the patient has LV dilation, which of the following echocardiographic abnormalities might not be associated? Overhydrated Increased systolic function Normal Volume overload
Increased systolic function
In regards to the patient electronic medical record, which would not be considered a factor that would be documented in the name, address section of the their information? Sex Address Insurance coverage Birthdate
Insurance coverage
Which of the following would be considered correct for echocardiography? Is invasive Is extremely costly Insurance typically does not cover an echocardiography Is noninvasive
Is noninvasive
The operation of the convex array would be considered the same as which of the following? Linear sequenced array Linear phased array Focal array Focused phases array
Linear sequenced array
LCD stands for which of the following? Liquid crystal display Liquid community disease Linear compliance disk Lateral coding damping
Liquid crystal display
When determining the regurgitant fraction, which of the following would be considered correct? MV regurg volume + MR stroke volume MV regurg volume x MR stroke volume MR regurg volume - MR stroke volume MV regurg volume / MR stroke volume
MV regurg volume / MR stroke volume
______ would be defined as bad or harmful practice which injures another person? Code of ethics Malpractice Consent Battery
Malpractice
When a tissue Doppler echocardiography is ordered, the provider is looking for all but which of the following? Measure of modalities Measures of myocardial velocity Measures of SR Measures of strain
Measure of modalities
When performing certain examinations, the sonographer might use which of the following agents? Gadolinium Microbubble contrast agents Iodine Alcohol
Microbubble contrast agents
Which of the following contrast agents would be used by sonographer to help aid in the contrast enhanced ultrasound examination? Iodine Barium Gadolinium Microbubble contrast agents
Microbubble contrast agents
Of the following, which would not be considered correct for potential causes of heart valve disease? Autoimmune disorders Infections such as infective endocarditis Osteoporosis Rheumatic fever
Osteoporosis
The first indication of a patient developing metastatic cardiac disease would be which of the following? Pericardial effusion Hypertrophy Decreased dilation Increased contraction
Pericardial effusion
Which of the following is common when an individual has a myocardial infarction? Renal failure Hepatitis Pericarditis Stroke
Pericarditis
The standardized views used to permit adequate imaging of the interatrial septum would be considered? A long axis view visualizing the posterior part of the IAS A transatrial view which will show the IAS from the breast bone to the distal margins A short axis view for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS Perpendicular transatrial short axis for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS and the transition to the aortic valve and the ascending aorta
Perpendicular transatrial short axis for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS and the transition to the aortic valve and the ascending aorta
PAPS stands for which of the following? Physical assessment syndrome Primary antiphospholipid syndrome Professional association of surgeons Professional assessment syndrome
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Of the following, which would not be considered a cause of ultrasounds artifacts? Viewer error Improper instrument operation Indifferent Proper technique
Proper technique
A sonography can be done by using which of the following techniques? Direct echo Pulse echo Novice echo Pulseless echo
Pulse echo
Which of the following would be considered the time from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next? Pulse repetition frequency Pulse repetition wave Pulse repetition period Pulse repetition propagation
Pulse repetition period
At about 6 weeks, the fetal heartbeat can be detected and then at 7 weeks it is visible using which of the following? Computerized topography Pulsed Doppler radar Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram
Pulsed Doppler radar
The "PW" Doppler stands for which of the following? Power waved Pulsed wave Physical weave Propagation wave
Pulsed wave
Which of the following originates from the right coronary aortic sinus? RCA LAD LCX Right circumflex
RCA
The physiologic abnormalities of mitral valve disease would be considered to be in all but which of the following classifications? Regurgitation Combination of regurgitation and stenosis Recovery Stenosis
Recovery
A pie slice shaped format of an anatomical image would be considered which of the following? Linear image Sector image Lateral image Range image
Sector image
The human circulatory system consists of all but which of the following? Arteries Venules Veins Skin
Skin
When performing an ultrasound, if the transducer is moved along the abdomen, which of the following would this be referred to as? Slide technique Progressive technique Rounded technique None of the above
Slide technique
Propagation speeds would be considered highest in which of the following? Gases Liquids Solids None of the above
Solids
Which of the following would be considered correct for the form of acoustic noise in sonographic imaging? Contrast Scattering Refraction Speckle
Speckle
Which of the following types of fluid would it not be necessary the healthcare personnel to observe universal precautions with? Sputum Semen Urine Pleural fluid
Sputum
Which of the following terms best describes the motion paths of fluid particles? Eddies Turbulence Plug Streamlines
Streamlines
A force per unit area applied to a material which stretches it would be considered? Source Stenosis Stress None of the above
Stress
If there is severe mitral regurgitation, it could cause which of the following? Diabetes mellitus Osteoporosis Sudden death Depression
Sudden death
Which of the following would not be considered an advantage of using the 3D echocardiography over 2D echocardiography? The improved visualization of complex shapes The decrease in the assessment of valve dysfunction The improved visualization of the spatial relations between cardiac structures Improved visualization of color Doppler flow fields
The decrease in the assessment of valve dysfunction
How is impedance determined? The density is multiplied by the sound propagation speed The density is divided by the sound propagation speed The density is added to the sound propagation speed The density is subtracted from the sound propagation speed
The density is multiplied by the sound propagation speed
Of the following, which would be considered a component of the regurgitant color Doppler flow pattern? The distal jet The proximal jet The cava contracta The distal flow convergence
The distal jet
Which of the following factors regarding the patient with ischemic heart disease would help to determine their prognosis? The ejection fraction of the patient The patients liver enzymes The age of the patient The financial status of the patient
The ejection fraction of the patient
Which of the following interventions would not be considered correct to be helpful when transporting a patient in a wheelchair? When the patient is getting up from the wheelchair, the big wheels of the chair should be locked The footrest should be moved aside when the patient is getting up to help prevent the patient from tripping The patient should be backed into the elevator The foot rests has to be totally removed prior to the patient getting up
The foot rests has to be totally removed prior to the patient getting up
When completing the general comment section of an echocardiography report, all of the following might be considered correct except? The sonographer should wait at least until the next day to write report The name and status of the sonographer that issues the report should be included The report should be written and issued by the sonographer that is undertaking the examination The sonographer should be aware of their limitations
The sonographer should wait at least until the next day to write report
Safeguards for orders could include all of the following except? The order need not be written before it is implemented If an order is not clear, do not guess, clarify The staff should not blindly implement an order Don't act without authority
The order need not be written before it is implemented
Of the following, which would not typically be found on the written request for an ultrasound? The indication for the ultrasound guided procedure The patients name The patients vital signs The patients medical record number
The patients vital signs
Depth gain compensation and which of the following helps to equalize differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths? Increased voltage amplitude Directs the driving voltage from the pulser and pulse delays to the transducer during transmission Compensates the attenuation Time gain compensation
Time gain compensation
Which of the following might a transesophageal echogradiogram be performed for? To diagnose diabetes mellitus To diagnose liver failure To diagnose blood clots To diagnose renal failure
To diagnose blood clots
Which of the following would be considered responsibilities of the heart valves? To prevent blood clots To prevent deoxygenated blood from flowing from the right ventricle to the left ventricle To prevent the blood from becoming too thin To prevent backward leakage
To prevent backward leakage
The main cause world wide of constructive pericarditis would be considered ______? Myocardial infarction Liver failure Tuberculosis Cancer
Tuberculosis
Levoposition would be best described as which of the following? When the heart is located in the extreme left chest When the heart is located in the extreme right chest When the heart is located in the extreme left upper abdominal area None of the above
When the heart is located in the extreme left chest
when evaluating a chest x ray for a patient with acute pericarditis, which of the following might not be considered correct? Will always have a normal appearing heart May have pulmonary infiltrates Normal heart size May have a "water bottle heart" if the effusion is large
Will always have a normal appearing heart
Which of the following best describes a transverse plane? Would be viewed laterally Would be cut in half parallel to ground and viewed from the top Would be viewed from the bottom Would be viewed from the anterior to the posterior
Would be cut in half parallel to ground and viewed from the top
