exam number 3 medcial sociology

status education training authority

A major barrier to effective communication lies in the differences between physicians and their patients with respect to:

marriage

According to Davis (1972) what was the deciding factor in whether or not an individual would make a career out of nursing?

a difference of opinion

Mistakes and errors in medical practice, through neglect or ignorance, can sometimes be defended as

true

Research has shown that male physicians regard male nurses as more competent than female nurses and to treat them accordingly.

Szasz and Hollender.

take(s) the position that the seriousness of the patient's symptoms is the determining factor in doctor-patient interaction

abortion rights

As part of the women's health movement, feminist health organizations have evolved that advocate:

false

Midwifery is a new form of care available to women.

true

Nursing represents the largest single group of health workers in the United States

true

One example of male physician misperceptions about female patients is a tendency to misdiagnose heart attacks as anxiety problems

HMOs

Support through planning grants and loan guarantees was provided to encourage the development of _______________; a form of prepaid group practice emphasizing preventive care.

Escalating prices and overcharging to a degree previously unknown. Provider-structured insurance that paid for almost any mistakes. proliferation of unnecessary tests, hospitalizations, prescriptions, and surgical operations. ALL ABOVE

The "golden age" of doctoring was marked by:

Hayes-Bautista

The relevance of the ______________ model for understanding doctor-patient relations is the view of the interaction as a process of negotiation, rather than the physician simply giving orders and the patient following them in an automatic, unquestioning manner

PSROS

were established in 1970 in conjunction with Medicaid and Medicare, to review and evaluate the medical care given to patients eligible to use these services

true

Early on, nursing students were seen as inexpensive and exploitable sources of hospital labor.

biographical medicine

Expanding reliance on new technologies has promoted a shift away from ____________, with its focus on the patient's oral account of his or her medical history

Overlooking each other's mistakes

Millman contended that a "gentlemen's agreement" existed among the hospital physicians. What did this agreement allow for?

Guidance-cooperation

The ___________________ model arises most often when the patient has an acute, often infectious illness, like the flu or measles.

Avoid open disagreement between the players

What is the central rule of the doctor-nurse game?

the rise of Christianity

What major world event influenced the way nursing became a formal occupation?

none of above

Which is NOT a barrier to communication between doctors and patients

Open around 18-24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Attend to their patients with a minimum of waiting time. Treat cuts, broken bones, bruises, and minor ailments. Sometimes these are located in shopping centers or other convenient locations.

Which is NOT a feature of a free-standing emergency center?

Have been abolished in the United States

Which is NOT true of lay midwives?

true

While the general push is for all nurses to be college graduates in the future, A.D. nurses have been called "technical" while baccalaureate degree nurses have been called "professional".

Differences in the socialization experiences of boys and girls.

Women have been historically underrepresented in medical school classes owing to which of the following? (choose the BEST answer)

primary care physician

are forced to spend time as "patient advocates," convincing various bureaucrats that more specialized and expensive care is warranted.

economic

considerations have become a primary motivation among physicians, hospitals, and private health insurance companies.

Process of turning commonly regarded normal human conditions into medical ailments.

what is medicalization

Physicians who look out for the interests of the patient and the interests of a managed care organization.

what is the double agent

Were taught the best qualities of mothers and housekeepers

Florence Nightengale's nursing students:

the medical decision rule

is the notion that, since the work of the physician is for the good of the patient, physicians tend to impute illness to their patients rather than to deny it and risk overlooking or missing it.