exam review
Which method(s) is(are) effective in communicating with a patient? 1. Touch 2. Pantomime techniques 3. Professional appearance 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The electric timer must be set to what back-up time in case the automatic exposure control (AEC) fails to terminate 0.5 times the exposure time 1.5 times the exposure time 2.5 times the exposure time 3.5 times the exposure time
1.5 times the exposure time
Which is the minimum kVp typically found on high-kVp technique charts? 100 kVp 110 kVp 120 kVp 130 kVp
100 kVp
What can be understood from the statement, "The threshold dose of gonads is 100 mGy"? 100 mGy is the maximum dose after which t the tissue atrophies. 100 mGy t is the maximum dose to produce a stochastic effect in the gonads. 100 mGy is the minimum dose to produce a deterministic effect in the gonads. 100 mGy is the minimum dose after which the dose-response relationship is linear.
100 mGy is the minimum dose to produce a deterministic effect in the gonads.
Which is the narrowest rib or range of ribs? 1st rib 12th rib 1st to 7th rib 8th to 12th rib
12th rib
What is the non-occupational equivalent dose for the lens of the eye?1 mSv 15 mSv 50 mSv 100 mSv
15 MSV
Which central ray angle and direction is recommended for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the sacrum? 10 degrees caudal 15 degrees caudal 10 degrees cephalic 15 degrees cephalic
15 degrees cephalic
Which chemical agent is most effective in cleaning deep wounds? Bleach Betadine 3% hydrogen peroxide 2% chlorhexidinegluconate
3% hydrogen peroxide
What is the central ray (CR) angulation for the anteroposterior axial projections of a barium enema? 30 to 40 degrees caudad 30 to 40 degrees cephalad Perpendicular to the image receptor Horizontal and perpendicular to the image receptor
30 to 40 degrees cephalad
Which of the following is an acceptable source-to-skin distance (SSD)when operating a stationary fluoroscope? 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm 40 cm
40 cm
what is an acceptable source-to-skin distance while working on stationary fluoroscopy 17cm 30cm 43cm 28cm
43cm
What is the fetal dose limit during pregnancy? 5 mSv 50 mSv 0.5 mSv 150 mSv
5 mSv
What is the whole body occupational dose limit for radiologic personnel 5 rem/year 15 rem/year 50 rem/year 0.5 rem/year
5 rem/year
Where is the central ray located on a chest exam for a hypersthenicpatient? 7 inches down from the vertebra prominens 8 inches down from the vertebra prominens 9 inches down from the vertebra prominens 10 inches down from the vertebra prominens
7 inches down from the vertebra prominens
What is the most likely blood pressure of a patient with hypotension? 150/100 mm Hg 90/50 mm Hg 120/80 mm Hg 135/90 mm Hg
90/50 mm Hg
Which protective apron should be used when a radiologic technologistis performing a fluoroscopy procedure 0.1 mm-thick lead apron A 0.5 mm-thick lead apron A 1.5 mm-thick lead apron A 2.0 mm-thick lead apron
A 0.5 mm-thick lead apron
Which best describes hypoxia Necessary for cellular repair Necessary for cellular function A state describing oxygen-deficient tissue A state describing difficulty breathing
A state describing oxygen-deficient tissue
The scout image serves to check the preparation of the gastrointestinal tract and to enable the radiologic technologist to make any necessary alterations to exposure factors. In what position is the scout view taken AP upright AP recumbent Dorsal decubitus Lateral decubitus
AP recumbent
What is the function of indirect capture digital radiography (DR)? Changing image brightness Permitting primary radiation to pass Absorbing x-rays and converting them into light Converting incident x-ray energy into an electrical signal
Absorbing x-rays and converting them into light
Which term refers to the mathematical formula used to reconstruct thedigital image? Pixel Matrix Algorithm Imaging formula
Algorithm
If a patient is unable to assume the erect lordotic position due to physical factors, what can be done to visualize the apices Place patient in prone position. Angle the CR 15 to 20 degrees caudad. Angle the CR 15 to 20 degrees cephalad Perpendicular CR centered at the xiphoid process
Angle the CR 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
What compensation can be made when obtaining a submentovertex(SMV) projection of the skull in the erect position if the patient is unable to extend the neck sufficiently Place the patient in the posteroanterior (PA) position. Extend the head over the end of the table. Angle the central ray (CR) 25 degrees to the image receptor. Angle the central ray (CR) to remain perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line.
Angle the central ray (CR) to remain perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line.
A patient with a fractured diaphysis of the humerus is positioned for at rans thoracic projection and is not able to lift up his or her other arm. What can the radiologic technologist do in this case? Angle the central ray 10 degrees cephalad. Angle the injured hand 30 degrees from the base. Position the patient for an alternate anteroposterior (AP) projection. Position the patient for an alternate posteroanterior (PA) projection.
Angle the central ray 10 degrees cephalad.
What are the primary components of the x-ray tube? Diode and triode Anode and cathode Anode bearings and rotor The high-voltage cables and tube support mechanism
Anode and cathode
In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and second metatarsals are best seen? Lateral Tangential Anteroposterior (AP) medial oblique Anteroposterior (AP) lateral oblique
Anteroposterior (AP) lateral oblique
Which projection best demonstrates the rectosigmoid area of the colon? Anteroposterior projection Anteroposterior axial projection Left lateral decubitus projection Anteroposterior oblique projection
Anteroposterior axial projection
Which is undesirable for conducting a clinical history interview? Clarifying terminology Repeating information Asking vague questions Asking open-ended questions
Asking vague questions
Where is the duodenal bulb located in an asthenic patient? At the level of L2 At the level of L4 At the level of T11 At the level of T12
At the level of L4
Where does the central ray (CR) enter for a submentovertex (SMV)projection? 2 ½ inches above the glabella Through the foramen magnum At the midsagittal plane of the throat Halfway between the glabella and the inion
At the midsagittal plane of the throat
What is the proper evaluation criterion pertaining to the anteroposterior(AP) oblique projection of the ribs? Trachea should be seen in the midline of the thorax. Heart and mediastinum should be seen in the center of the image. Axillary portion of the ribs of interest should be free of superimposition. Sternal ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral column
Axillary portion of the ribs of interest should be free of superimposition.
Why does the anode crack Because of its short exposure time Because of the space charge effect Because of the vaporization of the filament Because of the single excessive exposure of the x-ray tube
Because of the single excessive exposure of the x-ray tube
Modern x-ray generators have anatomic programmers that can store a wide range of radiographic techniques. To use this type of equipment with the technique automatically set, what factor does the radiographer select? Age Mobility Gender Body part
Body part
Which causes a blockage of bowel lumen? Ileus Ascites Bowel obstruction Pneumoperitoneum
Bowel obstruction
How should radiologic technologists initiate communication with patients while performing an interview about the patient's medicalhistory? By verifying the patient's name using Mr. or Ms By greeting the patient with his or her last name By explaining the importance of medical history in clinical practice By asking open-ended questions about the patient's medical history
By verifying the patient's name using Mr. or Ms
Which is not a synovial joint? Medial atlantoaxial C2-T12 (intervertebral) T1-T10 (costotransverse) C1-C2 (right and left lateral atlantoaxial)
C2-T12 (intervertebral)
Which are the urine-draining branches of the kidney? Calyces Ureters Urethra Trigones
Calyces
Which is the largest carpal bone? Hamate Capitate Scaphoid Trapezium
Capitate
In which projection should the central ray be angled at 25 to 30 degrees to the long axis of the hand? Anteroposterior (AP) axial thumb projection Carpal canal-tangential wrist projection Carpal bridge-tangential wrist projection Posteroanterior axial wrist with ulnar deviation projection
Carpal canal-tangential wrist projection
What type of x-rays result when the target atom is ionized through total removal of an inner-shell electron? Positrons Scatter radiation Characteristic x-rays Bremsstrahlung x-rays
Characteristic x-rays
Which x-ray examination does not expose the patients to unnecessary radiation Chest examination of workers in contact with beryllium Chest examination of patients during hospital admission Abdominal examination of patients with suspected pregnancy X-ray examination of patients during periodic health checkups
Chest examination of workers in contact with beryllium
What pathological condition is characterized by inflammation of thegallbladder? Neoplasm Cholecystitis Biliary stenosis Choledocholithiasis
Cholecystitis
Why is a 72-inch source-to-image-receptor-distance (SID) preferred for a lateral cervical spine projection Increase magnification Demonstrate the C7/T1 junction Decrease the patient's overall absorbed dose Compensate for increased object-to-image-receptor-distance (OID)
Compensate for increased object-to-image-receptor-distance (OID)
radiologic technologist finds that a patient has stage III colon cancer, but he or she lies to the patient and tells the patient that he or she has asevere gastrointestinal infection, thinking this may benefit the patient. Which principle does the radiologic technologist follow? Principle of veracity Social contract theory Principle of autonomy Consequentiality system
Consequentiality system
Dynamic range is associated with which digital imaging term? Contrast Brightness Annotation Spatial resolution
Contrast
What is the function of window width? Decreasing fog Controlling contrast Decreasing penumbra Controlling image brightness
Controlling contrast
What is the function of a photodiode? Converts light into electrical energy Converts the x-rays into light Determines the highest energy level Changes alternating current to direct current
Converts light into electrical energy
Which measures the percentage of x-rays absorbed when they hit the detector? DQE MTF Noise Latitude
DQE
Which is the result of high detective quantum efficiency (DQE)? Increased brightness Decreased contrast Increased patient dose Decreased patient dose
Decreased patient dose
How does a smaller field size affect patient dose? Decreases Increases Remains the same Has no effect on patient dose
Decreases
When is penumbra increased? Selecting a smaller pixel size Enhancing radiographic contrast Increasing source-to-image distance Decreasing the distance between the beam and the object
Decreasing the distance between the beam and the object
radiologic technologist who has completed a procedure on a patientleaves the area grumbling, "I hate to do AIDS patients because I amafraid of catching the disease." A member of the housekeeping staffhears the radiologic technologist and asks who has AIDS. The radiologictechnologist responds by giving the patient's name and room number.After this incident, housekeeping personnel refuse to clean the room One person from housekeeping tells the story to members of thehousekeeper's church, where the patient is also a member. Afterlearning of the patient's condition, the church asks the patient not toreturn. What type of complaint might be brought against the radiologictechnologist? Assault Negligence Defamation False imprisonment
Defamation
How does improper part-central ray alignment affect the image? Detail Contrast Distortion Optical density
Distortion
Which condition is characterized by difficulty swallowing Achalasia Dysphagia Esophageal varices Zenker diverticulum
Dysphagia
What is the purpose of image compression in digital radiography? Easy detection Easy processing Easy file transfer Easy identification of finer details
Easy file transfer
What is the preferred body position when imaging the ribs above the diaphragm? Erect Prone Supine Lateral
Erect
Which body position depicted in the image will help in identifying the air or gas and barium distribution in the stomach? Erect Prone Supine Ventral recumbent
Erect
What medical condition was perhaps the first observed biologic response to radiation exposure Erythema Epilation Leukemia Desquamation
Erythema
What is the reason for damage to the rotor assembly bearings? Effect of space charge Activation of the micro switch Vaporization of the filament Excessive heating of the anode
Excessive heating of the anode
Which artifact occurs when a patient breathes involuntarily during aradiographic examination Storage Handling Exposure Processing
Exposure
Which term is used to describe a numeric value that is representative of the exposure that the image receptor has received? Noise Distortion Exposure Latitude Exposure indicator
Exposure indicator
Which term describes the same exposure to the image receptor (IR) if the same milliampere-seconds (mAs) is used, even if different milliampere (mA) and timer settings are used? Exposure linearity Exposure uniformity Exposure reproducibility Exposure timer accuracy
Exposure reproducibility
Which is correct regarding grid selection? High-ratio grids are used when low-kVp is used. Focused grids are inferior in terms of quality compared to parallel grids. Focused grids require the distance indicators on the x-ray apparatus to be properly calibrated. Choice of grids are unrelated to the size or shape of the anatomical area to be radiographed.
Focused grids require the distance indicators on the x-ray apparatus to be properly calibrated.
Which describes the radiographic appearance of spondylolisthesis Defect in the pars interarticularis Narrowing of intervertebral disk spaces Forward slipping of one vertebra in relation to another Open posterior vertebra and exposure of spinal cord parts
Forward slipping of one vertebra in relation to another
Before attempting a submentovertex (SMV) projection of the skull on atrauma patient, what must be ruled out Fracture of the pelvis. Dislocation of the shoulder joint. Fracture or subluxation of the lumbar spine. Fracture or subluxation of the cervical spine
Fracture or subluxation of the cervical spine
Which is the most superior portion of the stomach? Body Pylorus Fundus Pyloric valve
Fundus
which organ is bile stored for future use? Liver Spleen Pancreas Gallbladder
Gallbladder
What is the consequence of a small amount of gas present inside an x-ray tube? Generates more heat Produces more x-rays Extends x-ray tube life Increases electron flow
Generates more heat
Which voltage waveform has the greatest x-ray quantity and quality Half wave High frequency Three phase, six pulse Three phase, twelve pulse
High frequency
Which term refers to the organized arrangement of a digital image intocolumns and rows for display on a cathode ray tube? Hybrid mode Signal plate Noise pattern Image matrix
Image matrix
Which is the best example of a cardinal principle of radiation protection Minimize the exposure time Decrease the distance from the source Increase the intensity of the radiographic image Maximize the effective dose during radiographic imaging
Increase the intensity of the radiographic image
An anteroposterior (AP) abdomen radiograph is taken on a patient measuring 28 centimeters. If all exposure factors are maintained, what changes occur if another image was taken on a patient measuring 22centimeters? Longer scale of contrast Shorter scale of contrast Increased exposure to the image receptor (IR) Decreased exposure to the image receptor (IR)
Increased exposure to the image receptor (IR)
What is the result of incorporating additional lead strips in a grid? Increased patient dose Increased magnification Increased penumbra formation Increased image receptor exposure
Increased patient dose
Which component of the radiographic system absorbs x-rays and converts them into light Grid Image receptor Direct capture detector Indirect capture detector
Indirect capture detector
In an oblique projection of the lumbar vertebrae, which structure forms the front legs of the "Scottie dog"? Pedicle Transverse process Inferior articular process Superior articular process
Inferior articular process
The most protection should be taken to prevent excessive exposure to what? Energy Radio waves Ionizing radiation Electromagnetic energy
Ionizing radiation
Which is true regarding positive contrast medium? It absorbs x-ray photons. It decreases attenuation. It involves transmission of x-ray photons. It is composed of elements with low atomic numbers.
It absorbs x-ray photons.
Which statement is true regarding the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)? It calls for the standardization of electronic data interchange. It sets the practice standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy. It states that medical imaging standards should be reviewed continually. It states that a radiologic technologist should continuously improve his or her knowledge.
It calls for the standardization of electronic data interchange.
Which is true regarding the placement of the x-ray tube under the table and the image receptor over the table during fluoroscopy? It increases the effect of leakage radiation. It increases the collimation of the radiation. It is done solely for the comfort of the patient. It enhances protection of the radiologic technologist
It enhances protection of the radiologic technologist
What is a histogram? It is a plot between the number of blank rows and the number of blank columns. It is a plot between frequencies of occurrence versus the digital value of each pixel. It is a plot between the digital values of each pixel versus the number of blank pixels. It is a plot between the digital values of each pixel versus the number of blank columns.
It is a plot between frequencies of occurrence versus the digital value of each pixel.
What is the subtraction technique? It is a technique that produces higher quality computer-enhanced images It is the ability of the system to magnify an image for better visualization of the structures. It is a method of image display in which a specific fluoro image is held on the screen in combination with continuous fluoroscopy. It is a technique in which an initial image recorded during continuous fluoroscopy is subtracted from all the other images produced.
It is a technique in which an initial image recorded during continuous fluoroscopy is subtracted from all the other images produced.
What is true regarding contrast? It is an undesirable exposure to the image receptor. It is the amount of light emitted from a flat-screen monitor. It is the measurement of the recorded detail on a radiograph. It is the difference between adjacent densities on a radiographic image
It is the difference between adjacent densities on a radiographic image
Which statement regarding a rotating anode is true It is used in podiatric imaging systems. It is used in a general purpose x-ray tube. It is used in dental x-ray imaging systems. It is used when low tube current is required
It is used in a general purpose x-ray tube
What is the benefit of pulse mode? It magnifies images for the reference. It is used for the placement of catheters. It reduces the patient's dose of radiation. It is used to record the initial image during continuous fluoroscopy
It reduces the patient's dose of radiation.
How does high kilovolt peak affect the x-ray beam? It minimizes motion blur. It results in higher energy. It increases exposure time. It increases spatial resolution
It results in higher energy.
What is the ideal characteristic of a radiographic table? It should reflect the x-ray beam. It should absorb all the x-ray beams. It should absorb low energy x-ray beams. It should allow the x-ray beam to pass through.
It should allow the x-ray beam to pass through.
What is the significance of res ipsa loquitur? It switches the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant. It requires the health care unit to be responsible for the quality of care. It asserts that the physician is responsible for the negligent action of an employee. It extends liability not only to actual employees, but also to independent contractors.
It switches the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant.
What will happen if the source-to-image-receptor-distance (SID) is increased It will increase image sharpness. It will increase the patient's dose. It will enhance the radiographic contrast. It will increase the penumbra around the true shadow
It will increase image sharpness.
What will happen if the source-to-image-receptor-distance (SID) is increased? It will increase image sharpness. It will increase the patient's dose. It will enhance the radiographic contrast. It will increase the penumbra around the true shadow.
It will increase image sharpness.
A KUB is the general name given for a routine abdomen radiograph. Listing the terms in order, what does this acronym stand for? Kidneys, uterus, barium Kidneys, uterus, bladder Kidneys, ureters, bladder Kawasaki umbilical disease
Kidneys, ureters, bladder
Which factor controls the penetrating ability of the beam? Attenuation Kilovolt peak Milliampere-seconds Source-to-image distance
Kilovolt peak
What projection of the skull requires the sagittal plane to be parallel tothe image receptor (IR) and the interpupillary line to be perpendicular to the IR? Posteroanterior (PA) Lateral Waters. Anteroposterior (AP) axial
Lateral
Which projection of the lumbar spine will best demonstrate spondylolisthesis Lateral Anteroposterior (AP) Left posterior oblique (LPO) Right posterior oblique (RPO)
Lateral
What are the routine projections for the sternum? Posteroanterior (PA) and right anterior oblique (RAO) Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral Lateral and right anterior oblique (RAO) Lateral and left anterior oblique (LAO)
Lateral and right anterior oblique (RAO)
Which projection is the best for visualizing intracranial air fluid levels in a trauma patient Lateral projection Acanthioparietal projection Axiolateral oblique projection Modified acanthioparietal projection
Lateral projection
How should a patient be first positioned during a radiographic examination to examine a lumbar vertebral dislocation caused by a car accident? AP projection and dorsal decubitus position AP projection and left lateral decubitus position Lateral projection and dorsal decubitus position Lateral projection and left lateral decubitus position
Lateral projection and dorsal decubitus position
Which statement is true regarding the contact shielding used during radiographic imaging procedures? Contact shielding has less potential for cross infection. Contact shielding requires low levels of ambient lighting. Lead is placed directly on the gonads during the procedur Lead is hung in the beam casting a shadow in the collimator light.
Lead is placed directly on the gonads during the procedure
For which part of the body is a contact shield the only shielding option for protection against radiation breasts tests ovaries Lens of the eye
Lens of the eye
Which component measures the voltage provided to the x-ray imaging system? Autotransformer Line compensator Carbon fiber couches Guard timer
Line compensator
Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia, and genetic effects follow what type of dose-response relationship Linear, threshold Linear, nonthreshold Nonlinear, threshold Nonlinear, nonthreshold
Linear, nonthreshold
Which projection is preferable for examining the fibular head of afractured lower limb? Lateral knee Medial oblique knee Posteroanterior (PA) knee Anteroposterior (AP) knee
Medial oblique knee
Which term is used to indicate a cancerous lesion transferred from one area to another Metastases Leukemia Lymphoma Chondrosarcoma
Metastases
Regarding the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the skull, which statement is NOT correct? Central ray (CR) exits at the glabella. Petrous ridges fill the orbits. Midsagittal plane is parallel to the image receptor (IR). Orbitomeatal line is perpendicular to the image receptor
Midsagittal plane is parallel to the image receptor (IR).
What should occur when a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)is performed for facial bones? Midsagittal plane is parallel to the IR, the head rests on the chin, and the orbitomeatal line forms a 37-degree angle to the IR. Midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR, the head rests on the chin, and the orbitomeatal line forms a 37-degree angle to the IR. Midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR, the head rests on the chin, and the orbitomeatal line forms a 53-degree angle to the IR. Midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR, the head rests on the nose, and the orbitomeatal line forms a 37-degree angle to the IR.
Midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR, the head rests on the chin, and the orbitomeatal line forms a 37-degree angle to the IR
Which is the best example of a cardinal principle of radiation protection? Minimize the exposure time Decrease the distance from the source Increase the intensity of the radiographic image Maximize the effective dose during radiographic imaging
Minimize the exposure time
A patient with a fractured hip and proximal femur has to undergo a radiographic examination. What position should the radiologic technologist opt for in this condition, if the patient is unable to move the lower limbs due to pain? Unilateral frog-leg projection Modified axiolateral projection Axiolateral inferosuperior projection Anteroposterior bilateral frog-leg projection
Modified axiolateral projection
What is the most common cause of radiographic unsharpness? Motion Increased OID Decreased SID Large focal spot size
Motion
Which factor may lead to the motion on a radiologic image? Increased total filtration Increased focal spot size Large source-to-image receptor distance Movement of the x-ray tube during exposure
Movement of the x-ray tube during exposure
What is the outcome when the tissue atomic number is increased during differential absorption Higher x-ray transmission Fewer photoelectric interactions Change in Compton interactions No change in Compton interactions
No change in Compton interactions
What is true regarding the given image? Object B will produce a more distorted radiograph because thinner objects have variable magnification across their surface. Object A will produce a more distorted radiograph because thinner objects have variable magnification across their surface. Object B will produce a more distorted radiograph because thicker objects have variable magnification across their surface. Object A will produce a more distorted radiograph because thinner objects have variable magnification across their surface.
Object B will produce a more distorted radiograph because thicker objects have variable magnification across their surface.
What is one problem that can occur if proper centering is notperformed during an exam of the phalanx Anatomy will be blurred. Overexposure will occur. Underexposure will occur. Obscuring of the joint spaces can occur.
Obscuring of the joint spaces can occur.
Which component of the x-ray imaging system would one use to control the exposure time and milliamperes (mA) during a radiographic examination? Autotransformer Operating console Carbon fiber couches High voltage generator
Operating console
Dog picture Which of the two given images represents a high-contrast radiograph? Option 2, because no film graininess is seen in the radiograph Option 1, because no mottled appearance is observed in the radiograph Option 2, because the radiograph has marked differences in the optical density Option 1, because the radiograph has minute differences in optical density
Option 2, because the radiograph has marked differences in the optical density
What is the frequently used cranial positioning line that is located between the outer canthus and external acoustic meatus Lips-meatal line Orbitomeatal line Glabelloalveolar line Infraorbitomeatal line
Orbitomeatal line
Which pathological condition is known as rickets in pediatric patients and literally means "bone softening Osteomalacia Osteoclastomas Osteoid osteomas Osteogenic sarcomas
Osteomalacia
Which pathological condition occurs due to increased density of a typically soft bone? Osteoporosis Osteoarthritis Osteopetrosis Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteopetrosis
Where should the radiologic technologist place the cathode while examining a patient's thoracic spine using mobile radiography To the patient's left To the patient's right Over the lower thoracic vertebrae Over the upper thoracic vertebrae
Over the lower thoracic vertebrae
What is the main reason that unobstructed radiographic images of thefacial bones and paranasal sinuses may be difficult to obtain? Improper patient prep Uncomfortable patient positions Inability to immobilize the patient Overall shape and structures of the skull
Overall shape and structures of the skull
What projection demonstrates tripod and Le Fort fractures SMV projection of the skull PA axial projection of the skull Lateral projection of the facial bones Parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the facial bones
Parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the facial bones
What do calipers determine? Part thickness Patient's weight Type of contrast media to use Location of ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine
Part thickness
Which condition is characterized by a depressed sternum Flail chest Osteomyelitis Pectus carinatum Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum
Which artifact is produced due to the backscatter radiation on thedigital radiographic image receptor White spots Radiation fog Ghost images Phantom images
Phantom images
Which interaction results in the nucleus being raised to an excited state and instantly emitting a nucleon or another nuclear fragment Pair Production Compton scattering Photoelectric effect Photodisintegration
Photodisintegration
Which refers to a picture element of a digital image? TFT DEL Pixel Voxel
Pixel
Which artifact is unique to digital radiography Pi lines Pixel failure Chemical fog Pressure marks
Pixel failure
Spatial resolution in digital radiography is primarily determined by which factor? Pixel size Patient size Focal-spot size Kilovoltage (kV)
Pixel size
What can the radiologic technologist do to help the patient maintain atrue lateral position of the skull while recumbent Place a radiolucent support under the chin. Place a radiolucent sponge under the entire head. Place the patient's fist under the chin for support. Place a radiolucent support under the upper thorax
Place a radiolucent support under the chin
What can a radiologic technologist do to reduce a patient's thyroid doseduring cervical and thoracic spine radiography? Increase the lead in a grid Reduce the source-to-image receptor distance Position the patient in the anterior oblique position Position the patient in the posterior oblique position
Position the patient in the anterior oblique position
Because pair production involves only x-rays with energies greater than1.02 MeV, it is unimportant in x-ray imaging but it is very important for what other imaging modality? Computed tomography (CT) Ultrasonography Positron emission tomography (PET) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
What is another name for the Judet method Posterior axial acetabulum projection Posterior oblique acetabulum projection Anteroposterior (AP) axial outlet projection Anteroposterior (AP) bilateral frog-leg projection
Posterior oblique acetabulum projection
In which projection of the ribs are the anterior ribs best seen above the diaphragm? Lateral Posteroanterior (PA) Anteroposterior (AP) Posteroanterior (PA) oblique
Posteroanterior (PA)
What projection of the skull requires the central ray (CR) to be centered to exit at the glabella Anteroposterior (AP) Posteroanterior (PA) Posteroanterior (PA) axial Anteroposterior (AP) axial
Posteroanterior (PA)
Which projection of the shoulder will best show bursitis? Tangential Anteroposterior (AP) Inferosuperior axial Posteroanterior (PA) transaxillary
Posteroanterior (PA) transaxillary
Which projection of the stomach and duodenum best demonstrates the greater and lesser curvatures, the antral portion of the stomach, the pyloric canal, and the duodenal bulb? Anteroposterior Posteroanterior Posteroanterior axial Posteroanterior oblique
Posteroanterior axial
What does automatic exposure control (AEC) measure? Time of exposure mAs of exposure Predetermined electrical charge Type of radiation reaching device
Predetermined electrical charge
Which component of the x-ray tube reduces the intensity of leakage radiation? Metal enclosure Protective housing X-ray tube filament Electromagnetic induction motor
Protective housing
Which condition is most common in older adult patients who have osteoporosis or avascular necrosis? Chondrosarcoma Proximal femur fracture Legg-Clave-Perthes disease Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Proximal femur fracture
Which condition caused by pyogenic bacteria is characterized byinflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis Nephroptosis Pyelonephritis Hydronephrosis Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Why must a student's unsatisfactory radiographs be repeated in the presence of a qualified practitioner? Patient preference mandates it. Students are not instructed in how to repeat images. The qualified practitioner is responsible for all unsatisfactory radiographs. Quality patient care and protection from radiation must be ensured and provided.
Quality patient care and protection from radiation must be ensured and provided
What is the term used to describe energy transmitted through matter? Therapy Radiation Ionization Physiology
Radiation
What is the unit used to measure the amount of energy absorbed in any medium? Sievert Roentgen Radiation absorbed dose (rad) Radiation equivalent man (rem)
Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
What is scatter radiation? Radiation emitted through tube housing Radiation emitted through the collimators Radiation resulting from interaction with patient Radiation resulting from interaction with the primary protective barrier
Radiation resulting from interaction with patient
Which component of the intestine is responsible for performing thefunction of elimination Ileum Rectum Jejunum Duodenum
Rectum
What is photoemission? Release of electrons by luminescence Release of electrons by ionization of atoms Release of electrons through light stimulus Release of electrons through current stimulus
Release of electrons through light stimulus
How is the patient positioned in order to visualize barium in the rightsplenic flexure, but not in the left colic flexure Prone Supine Left anterior oblique Right anterior oblique
Right anterior oblique
Which position best demonstrates the pathological processes of the retrogastric space Right lateral position Left anterior oblique position Left posterior oblique position Right anterior oblique position
Right lateral position
Why is an upper gastrointestinal series examination contraindicated in a sedated patient Risk of infection Risk of aspiration Risk of hypertension Risk of hyperventilation
Risk of aspiration
What is indicated if the right and left halves of the skull do not appear symmetric on a posteroanterior (PA) or (AP) projection of the skull? Neck is flexed too much. Neck is extended too much. CR is not centered to the IR. Sagittal plane is not perpendicular to the IR.
Sagittal plane is not perpendicular to the IR.
What is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs Belonging Physiologic Self-esteem Self-actualization
Self-actualization
Which type of shielding is preferred during a surgery for which a sterileprocedure is required Shadow shielding Square-shaped shielding Triangle-shaped shielding Diamond-shaped shielding
Shadow shielding
Linear energy transfer (LET) is a measure of the rate at which energy istransferred from ionizing radiation to which? Bone Blood Water Soft tissue
Soft tissue
Which characteristic of a radiographic image refers to the ability toimage small objects that have high contrast? Latitude Spatial distortion Spatial resolution Contrast resolution
Spatial resolution
With the patient positioned for a parietoacanthial transoral projection (open-mouth Waters method) of the sinuses, the central ray (CR) is directed through the patient's open mouth. Which sinuses are visualized through the open mouth Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary Sphenoid
Sphenoid
What type of biological radiation response usually follows low radiationexposure and appears as a late radiation response years later Diagnostic effects Stochastic effects Therapeutic effects Deterministic effects
Stochastic effects
What projection of the skull best demonstrates the foramina ovale andspinosum? Submentovertex (SMV) Lateral Posteroanterior (PA) axial (Haas method) Anteroposterior (AP) axial (Towne method)
Submentovertex (SMV)
How is chest rotation detected on a lateral chest image? The trachea should be visible in the midline. 10 posterior ribs should be visible above the diaphragm. Superimposition is seen of the ribs posterior to the vertebral column. Equal distance is seen between the vertebral column and the sternoclavicular (SC) joints.
Superimposition is seen of the ribs posterior to the vertebral column
For fractures of the nasal bones with medial-lateral displacement, what special projection is used? Anteroposterior (AP) axial Superoinferior axial Parieto-orbital oblique Oblique inferosuperior
Superoinferior axial
What is the function of the autotransformer Displaying the radiation waveform Supplying a precise voltage to the filament circuit Terminating the exposure after a prescribed time Determining the number of electrons emitted by the filament
Supplying a precise voltage to the filament circuit
At which vertebral level does the central ray enter for an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the thoracic spine T4 T6 T7 T9
T 7
Where is the stomach located in a sthenic patient? T9 to T12 T11 or T12 T11 down to L5 T11 down to L2
T11 down to L2
Beyond the routine foot projections, which projection can be performed to confirm suspected infection of the sesamoid bones of the foot? Lateral Tangential Posteroanterior (PA) Anteroposterior (AP) oblique
Tangential
Where should the image receptor (IR) be placed for the anteroposterior(AP) projection of the lower ribs? c The top of the IR should be at the level of the iliac crest. The bottom of the IR should be at the level of the iliac crest. The top of the IR should be approximately 1 ½ inches above the shoulders. The bottom of the IR should be approximately 1 ½ inches above the iliac crest
The bottom of the IR should be at the level of the iliac crest.
Which statement regarding the line-focus principle is true? It creates one projected focal spot. It provides decreased heat dispersion at the anode. The effective focal spot is larger than the actual focal spot. The effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot.
The effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot.
Which statement describes the legal theory of respondeat superior? Each person is responsible for his or her superior. The employer is responsible for the employee's actions. The employee is responsible for the employer's actions. The employee is responsible for the actions of the employee.
The employer is responsible for the employee's actions.
What correctly describes the termination of exposure when electronictimers are used in x-ray tube circuits? The exposure is terminated when the capacitor reaches a preprogrammed charge. The current is monitored and the exposure is terminated when the intended mAs is achieved. A shaft turns reduction gears and the exposure is terminated as the selecteddisk moves from the "on" to "off" switch. The exposure is terminated when 1.5 times the set exposure time has beenreached.
The exposure is terminated when the capacitor reaches a preprogrammed charge.
What happens when there is a misalignment of the x-ray field and light field of the collimator The intended anatomical area is not imaged. The optical density of the radiograph increases. The anatomical area is imaged with lower spatial resolution. The anatomical area is imaged with higher contrast resolution
The intended anatomical area is not imaged.
What happens when there is a misalignment of the x-ray field and light field of the collimator the intended anatomical area is not imaged. The optical density of the radiograph increases. The anatomical area is imaged with lower spatial resolution. The anatomical area is imaged with higher contrast resolution
The intended anatomical area is not imaged.
What happens when there is a misalignment of the x-ray field and light field of the collimator? The intended anatomical area is not imaged. The optical density of the radiograph increases. The anatomical area is imaged with lower spatial resolution. The anatomical area is imaged with higher contrast resolution.
The intended anatomical area is not imaged.
What is true regarding the kVp used in radiographic imaging? The lower the kVp, the lower the mA The lower the kVp, the lower the scatter radiation The lower the kVp, the lower the image resolution The lower the kVp, the lower the background radiation
The lower the kVp, the lower the scatter radiation
What is indicated by the term "kVp" in imaging systems? The penetration power of an x-ray beam The amount of current supplied to the x-ray tube The quality of the image obtained after exposure The amount of x-ray exposure of the image receptor
The penetration power of an x-ray beam
What happens when the central ray is angled at 60 degrees to theorbitomeatal line (OML) of a trauma patient with a cranial fracture,positioned for a Towne projection? The radiograph appears distorted. The radiograph appears highly magnified. The dorsum sella appears superior to the foramen magnum. The posterior clinoids appear superior to the foramen magnum
The radiograph appears distorted.
Why is a left posterior oblique (LPO) projection often performed during intravenous urography The patient will be more comfortable this way. The left ureter will be superimposed with the spine. The right kidney and the left ureter will be visualized. Both ureters will be superimposed, and the neck of bladder is seen.
The right kidney and the left ureter will be visualized.
Which is true regarding an x-ray photon? An x-ray photon has an electric field, but not a magnetic field. The frequency of an x-ray photon is calculated independently of the wave equation. The wavelength of an x-ray photon is measured similar to that of any other electromagnetic energy. The wavelength of an x-ray photon is measured differently from that of any other electromagnetic energy.
The wavelength of an x-ray photon is measured similar to that of any other electromagnetic energy.
Which is true when using photostimulable phosphor technology (PSP)? The image-receptor material is amorphous silicon. The PSP plate is removed by the radiographer for chemical processing. The x-ray exposure is contained in "electron traps" in the phosphor layer. Lengthy postexposure delays in plate processing will have little or no effect upon final image quality.
The x-ray exposure is contained in "electron traps" in the phosphor layer
What radiograph is needed to rule out a Bennett fracture? Foot Ankle Femur Thumb
Thumb
What is the primary purpose of performing oblique projections of the ribs? To demonstrate the axillary portion of the ribs To demonstrate the ribs above the diaphragm To demonstrate the ribs below the diaphragm To demonstrate the articulation of the ribs and sternum
To demonstrate the axillary portion of the ribs
What is the role of positive beam limitation (PBL)? To produce x-rays during radiography To permit primary radiation to pass by reducing scatter radiation To ensure the x-ray exposure field is no larger than the receptor size To permit the acquisition of static images in a fluoroscopic examination
To ensure the x-ray exposure field is no larger than the receptor size
While performing the pelvic examination of a patient, a radiologic technologist uses a higher voltage of 85 kV. What could be the reason behind it? To avoid penumbra To avoid noisy image To prevent loss of contrast To lower the patient's dose
To lower the patient's dose
What is the purpose of depressing the shoulders for a posteroanterior(PA) projection of the chest? To move the scapulae laterally To move the clavicles below the apices To place the diaphragm at the lowest point To place the midsagittal plane in a vertical position
To move the clavicles below the apices
Why is the exposure made at the end of the second full inspiration when performing routine chest radiography To identify a pneumothorax To reduce magnification of the heart To move the diaphragm up and prevent distortion To move the diaphragm down and prevent distortion
To move the diaphragm down and prevent distortion
When should informed consent be obtained from the patient before proceeding with a radiographic examination To introduce the health care team To perform an invasive procedure To perform the initial patient assessment To acquire information about the patient's medical status
To perform an invasive procedure
Why is specific area shielding performed? To reduce radiation exposure To magnify the posterior-anterior (PA) projection To protect a particularly sensitive tissue or organ To eliminate partial-body nature of the x-ray examination
To protect a particularly sensitive tissue or organ
Why are scaphoid series ordered? To view the olecranon process in profile. To rule out fractures of the first metatarsal. To identify compression of the median nerve. To rule out wrist fractures not seen on wrist exam.
To rule out wrist fractures not seen on wrist exam.
Which part of the digestive system prevents swallowed substances from reentering the mouth Tongue Epiglottis Soft palate Hard palate
Tongue
Which carpal articulates with the first metacarpal Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
Trapezium
Why might upright posteroanterior (PA) and lateral projections of the chest be added to a rib series? Ribs are visualized well in a chest x-ray Trauma to the ribs always requires additional images. PA and lateral chest are standard projections for rib trauma. Trauma to the ribs may result in injury to the respiratory system.
Trauma to the ribs may result in injury to the respiratory system.
Which organ is located in the left lower quadrant in the abdomen? Left adrenal gland Right adrenal gland Two-thirds of the ileum Two-thirds of the jejunum
Two-thirds of the jejunum
Which exam has the highest occupational exposure? Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) study Chest radiograph CT scan of abdomen Skeletal survey
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) study
How can magnification be minimized in a radiographic procedure? Use a small source-to-object distance (SOD). Use a large object-to-image receptor distance (OID). Use a small source-to-image receptor distance (SID). Use a large source-to-image receptor distance (SID).
Use a large source-to-image receptor distance (SID).
What can a radiologic technologist do to reduce focal spot blur Increase the grid ratio. Use a large focal spot. Use a small focal spot. Use short exposure time.
Use a small focal spot.
Which is the term used to refer to the distance between two crests or two troughs in a sine wave Velocity Frequency Amplitude Wavelength
Wavelength
If the exposure reproducibility is being evaluated, what should be theaccuracy of radiation output? Within 5% of the subsequent radiation output Within 8% of the subsequent radiation output Within 10% of the subsequent radiation output Within 12% of the subsequent radiation output
Within 5% of the subsequent radiation output
what is the most likely radiological appearance of intussusception dilated loop of colon general abdominal haziness air filled coiled spring appearance distended loop of air filled small intestines
air filled coiled spring appearance
Which of the following is a listing of individuals holding certification credentials in a particular profession? a. accreditation b. certification c. licensure d. registry
d. registry
Which is not a component of an optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dosimeter metal filters exposure meter plastic blister pack aluminum oxide strip
exposure meter
w should a radiologic technologist position a patient who isexperiencing vertigo? In sitting position In Fowler's position In standing position In recumbent position
in recumbent position
In an oblique projection of the lumbar vertebrae, which structure forms the front legs of the "Scottie dog"? Pedicle Transverse process Inferior articular process Superior articular process
inferior articular process
A 15% increase in which factor doubles exposure to the image receptor(IR)? grids kilovoltage peak (kVp) milliampere seconds (mAs) source-to-image distance (SID)
kilovoltage peak (kVp)
Which position gives the best image of the pyloric canal and duodenalbulb in a hypersthenic patient?
posteroanterior axial
why must a students unsatisfactory radiographers be repeated in the presence of a qualified practitioner ? patient preference mandates it student are not instructed in how to repeat images the qualified practitioner is responsible for all unsatisfactory radiographs quality patient care and protection from radiation must be ensured and provided
quality patient care and protection from radiation must be ensured and provided
which option best demonstrated the pathological processes of the retrogastric space right lateral position left anterior oblique position left posterior oblique position
right lateral position