exam3

Which of the following is an example of an antecedent condition? a.Mood b.Crowding c.Smart agent software d.Near-field communication

a.Mood

Outshopping is a term used to refer to consumers who _____. a.are shopping in a city or town they traveled to rather than in their own hometown b.are motivated by a need to satisfy their shopping impulses by window shopping c.indulge in spontaneous shopping, which involves at least short-term feelings of liberation d.want to increase an ever-growing body of knowledge about some product category of interest

a.are shopping in a city or town they traveled to rather than in their own hometown

Utilitarian shopping value represents the worth obtained _____. a.because some shopping task or job is completed successfully b.from the acts that are usually spontaneous and involve at least short-term feelings of liberation c.because the time spent doing some activity itself is personally gratifying d.from the acts that show diminished regard for consequences

a.because some shopping task or job is completed successfully

Jake has always bought a certain brand of activewear because he greatly admires the athletes who appear in the brand's ads. But recently one of the athletes endorsing the product was charged with disorderly conduct. Jake is one of many consumers who have opted to not support the brand any longer due to this negative publicity. The company witnesses the decline in sales and subsequently drops that athlete from its marketing campaign. Which of the following approaches has the company likely taken to make such a decision? a. Attribute monitoring b. Attitude tracking c. Behavioral intentions modeling d. Value-expressive function

b. Attitude tracking

Ryan was born in 1977. He is a successful businessman. He believes strongly in family values because he came from a divorced household and had to spend a great deal of time alone. To which generational microcultures is Ryan most likely to belong? a. Millennials b. Generation X c. The baby boomers d. Generation Z

b. Generation X

Pavani and her friends like to frequent the nearby outlet mall to browse a particular high-end accessory shop. Pavani purchases a purse from the store she knows is well beyond her budget and not a good deal. But she is eager to portray herself in front of her friends as having style and money to spare. This scenario exemplifies which function of attitudes? a. Ego-defensive b. Knowledge c. Utilitarian d. Value-expressive

a. Ego-defensive

Goods Galore, a retail store, carries a wide selection of goods. It prices its low and offers guarantees on all its products. This type of positioning emphasizes what quality on the part of Goods Galore? a. Functional b. Impulsive c. Affective d. Hedonic

a. Functional

Adahy is a descendant of the Cherokee tribe. His great-grandfather was one of the chiefs of the tribe, and his family is proud of their lineage. Adahy is also proud of his Cherokee roots and believes in living with his family instead of settling down in a city away from them. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following is most likely true of Adahy? a. He is a collectivist. b. He is an individualist. c. He is a theocrat. d. He is a capitalist.

a. He is a collectivist.

Simona decides to order a pizza for dinner. Without much deliberation, she orders one from a pizzeria that is quite popular in the neighborhood. Which of the following types of purchases would this be considered? a. Behavioral influence b. Low-involvement c. High-involvement d. Experiential

b. Low-involvement

Russell was born during the Great Depression. He tends to be very responsible and always thinks about civic duty. He is frugal when he makes purchases and does not indulge in impulsive buying. To which generational microculture does Russell most likely belong? a. Generation Z b. The silent generation c. Millennials d. Generation Y

b. The silent generation

With reference to the core society value scoreboard, the acronym BRIC refers to the collective economies Brazil, Russia, India, and _____. a.Canada b.China c.Costa Rica d.Cambodia

b.China

In the context of generational microcultures, which of the following statements is true? a.Generation X is the first "always connected" generation because they are constantly in touch with other consumers. b.Consumers who are in the same generation belong to the same cohort. c.A cohort remains unaffected by the life experiences of people. d.The silent generation consumers were young adults during World War I.

b.Consumers who are in the same generation belong to the same cohort.

_____ refer to observable, statistical aspects of populations such as age, gender, or income. a.Microcultures b.Demographics c.Status symbols d.Social classes

b.Demographics

_____ cause differences in culture by changing the relative value of objects. a.Demographic factors b.Ecological factors c.Geodemographic factors d.Technological factors

b.Ecological factors

The _____ comprises those consumers who need to look after not only their own children, but their aging parents as well. a.silent generation b.sandwich generation c.two-adult household d.one-adult household

b.sandwich generation

Chloe is on an international trip with her college senior class to Paris. She is fascinated by the trend of the French local teens to wear bell bottoms, or pants with exaggerated flares. What are the French teens basically representing? a. Status symbol b. Social class c. A street microculture d. Social stratification

c. A street microculture

Austin enjoys taking his family out every Friday night to a restaurant for dinner. He also quickly agrees to buy his two daughters the latest model of smartphone every time an update comes out. What concept is Austin and his family exhibiting? a. Cultural diversity b. Consumer segmentation c. Consumer affluence d. Consumer life expectancy

c. Consumer affluence

Aidan wants to cook his partner dinner. They love buffalo wings, so Aidan searches online for recipes using buffalo sauce. He has to wade through and click out of many prompts to get to the actual recipe. What is Aidan encountering here? a. Spyware b. Analytics c. Pop-ups d. Cookies

c. Pop-ups

Milo, an American, is planning a trip to Asia. While selecting hotels to stay in, he rejected various options because he thought they would be too crowded and close to the city. Which of the following elements of nonverbal communication did Milo value the most in this case? a. Agreement b. Time c. Space d. Relationships

c. Space

Sweet-Tooth Inc., manufacturers of candy bars, wants to sell its latest variety of melt-in-your-mouth chocolate candies in India. Having researched the market, the company briefs its advertising agency stating that its advertisement must promote group belonging and cohesion. In the given scenario, Sweet-Tooth Inc. is ignoring prospective consumers who have a(n) _____. a. informational influence b. connected self-schema c. separated self-schema d. utilitarian influence

c. separated self-schema

_____ is the process by which consumers come to learn a culture other than their natural, native culture. a.Cultural sanction b.Enculturation c.Acculturation d.Consumer ethnocentrism

c.Acculturation

According to the ABC approach to attitudes, which of the following is a component of attitude? a.Ideals b.Conations c.Affect d.Values

c.Affect

_____ is a term used to describe immigrants as they face decisions and form preferences based on their old or new cultures. a.Multicultural b.Baby boomers c.Bicultural d.Millennials

c.Bicultural

_____ is a term that refers to the reliance on schema-based heuristics in making decisions. a.Cognitive stigmatization b.Cognitive dissonance c.Cognitive structuring d.Cognitive rehearsal

c.Cognitive structuring

_____ is a naturally occurring mental personal comparison of the self with a target individual within the environment. a.Olfactory b.Source attractiveness c.Social comparison d.Emotional ability

c.Social comparison

_____ is a guerrilla marketing technique in which consumers do not realize that they are being targeted for a marketing message. a.Ambush marketing b.Buzz marketing c.Stealth marketing d.Viral marketing

c.Stealth marketing

_____ exists when two phrases share the same precise meaning in two different cultures. a.Metric equivalence b.Logical equivalence c.Translational equivalence d.Grammatical equivalence

c.Translational equivalence

The term Chindia refers to the _____. a.demographics of Chinese residents who have Indian nationality b.geodemographics of second generation Chinese living in India c.combined market and business potential of China and India d.population whose culture shares commonalities with cultures of China as well as India

c.combined market and business potential of China and India

The _____ states that a feature possessed by a source, such as a spokesperson, is most effective when it is paired with relevant products. a.balance theory b.serial position hypothesis c.matchup hypothesis d.social judgment theory

c.matchup hypothesis

A _____ is a group of people who share similar values and tastes that are subsumed within a larger culture. a.co-culture b.counterculture c.microculture d.monoculture

c.microculture

The _____ proposes that consumers compare incoming information to their existing attitudes about a particular object or issue. a.balance theory b.attitude-toward-the-object theory c.social judgment theory d.psychoanalytic theory

c.social judgment theory

In a small town, a new restaurant has become quite popular for giving customers "more than just a meal." The restaurant promotes a different theme every week. The food, decorations, and even the staff's costumes are decided in accordance with the theme. The customers thoroughly enjoy the food and the ambience. The culture that consists of customers who prioritize such hedonic values is called a(n) _____. a. normative culture b. restrained culture c. pragmatic culture d. indulgent culture

d. indulgent culture

_____ refer to the societal expectations for individuals among members of a cultural group. a.Generational roles b.Ethnic roles c.Cohort roles d.Sex roles

d.Sex roles

Consumers with a high capacity to self-regulate their behavior are referred to as _____. a.atmospheric-oriented b.state-oriented c.affect-oriented d.action-oriented

d.action-oriented

In the high-involvement hierarchy, _____. a.consumers evaluate products before forming beliefs about them b.consumer purchases are not very risky c.consumers indulge in impulse purchases d.consumer beliefs about products are formed first

d.consumer beliefs about products are formed first

The _____ occurs when consumers conform to group expectations to receive a reward or avoid punishment. a.peer pressure influence b.informational influence c.value-expressive influence d.utilitarian influence

d.utilitarian influence

Tahir is part of an online group. The group was formed on the basis of the members' shared interest in an online multiplayer video game. They play the game together and spend time exchanging game hacks and shortcuts to play the game. In this scenario, Tahir is part of a _____. a. social network b. secondary group c. collective network d. formal group

a. social network

Hector is going to Australia on a business trip. He consults his travel agent to help him find the best places to visit and the best hotels to stay. In the given scenario, Hector's travel agent is playing the role of a _____. a. surrogate consumer b. market maven c. social media marketer d. viral marketer

a. surrogate consumer

_____ refer specifically to information found in a message pertaining to a particular product, its attributes, its advantages, or the consequences of its use. a.Central cues b.Primacy effects c.Peripheral cues d.Source effects

a.Central cues

_____ refers to self-conceptualization of the extent to which consumers perceive themselves as being an integral part of a group. a.Connected self-schema b.Ideal social self c.Separated self-schema d.Self-concept

a.Connected self-schema

In the context of the peripheral route to persuasion, which of the following statements is true? a.Consumers are unlikely to develop cognitive responses to a message. b.Consumers are less likely to pay attention to the attractiveness of the person delivering a message. c.Consumers develop a number of thoughts regarding an incoming message that may contradict the information. d.Consumers find that an incoming message is particularly relevant to their situation.

a.Consumers are unlikely to develop cognitive responses to a message.

Which of the following is true of antecedent conditions? a.Credit cards are easy to use and lead to higher spending. b.Most consumers prepare a formal budget and do not rely on mental budgeting. c.Mood does not affect shopping behavior. d.When gift shopping, consumers who are highly task-oriented are less distracted when shopping in a pleasant environment.

a.Credit cards are easy to use and lead to higher spending.

Which of the following roles in the household purchase process involves controlling information flow into the household? a.Gatekeeper b.User c.Influencer d.Purchaser

a.Gatekeeper

_____ are enduring characteristics of neither a particular consumer nor a product or brand. a.Situational influences b.Shaping c.Satisficing d.Atmospherics

a.Situational influences

_____ are systems of consumers that are formed based on common interests, associations, or goals. a.Dissociative groups b.Social networks c.Social media d.Secondary groups

b.Social networks

_____ involves learning through observation and the active processing of information about everyday lived experience. a.Tradition b.Socialization c.Uncertainty avoidance d.Role expectation

b.Socialization

Which of the following is an example of a cultural norm? a.Smoking in a designated smoking area outside a building b.Using stereotypes to categorize people c.Booking a flight online d.Learning one's native culture through enculturation

a.Smoking in a designated smoking area outside a building

Which of the following is related to the consumer belief that products that come from their native land are superior to other products? a.Cultural sanction b.Consumer ethnocentrism c.Role expectations d.Cultural dynamics

b.Consumer ethnocentrism

_____ represents the idea that the marketing strategy may be global, but the tactical implementation of that strategy should be local. a.Omiyage b.Glocalization c.Translational equivalence d.Metric equivalence

b.Glocalization

Which of the following factors makes the BRIC nations impossible to ignore as potential consumer markets? a.Growing industries b.Large population c.The level of education d.Technological advancement

b.Large population

Garrett has always wanted a pickup truck. He realizes they don't get near the gas mileage his current compact car does and that gas prices have been on the rise recently. His job pays minimum wage, but his work is just a five-minute drive from his apartment. He has been wanting to set up a side job of mowing lawns and could really use the truck to haul his lawn equipment around. Garrett's weighing all these factors while pondering whether to purchase a truck represents which of the following? a. Consistency principle b. Compensatory models c. Elaboration likelihood models d. Changing schema-based affect

b. Compensatory models

Kyle was recently hired by a home inspection firm. Amanda, his supervisor, asks him to gather some statistics on age, household income, and family size from surrounding zip codes to help target potential homebuyers who would likely need home inspections performed. What type of analysis is Amanda asking Kyle to do? a. Microculture b. Demographic c. Status symbol d. Segment

b. Demographic

Clinton is in the market for a new car. He has done his research, test driven various cars, and read some good reviews online. Yet, having just switched jobs, he is very concerned about spending the money and committing to a 6-year loan. Which of the following identifies an example (in this situation) of an antecedent condition? a. One dealer offers a free remote start with any car purchased that month b. Fear in a customer c. Utilitarian value of a product d. Ambience of a dealer site

b. Fear in a customer

Uniqlo Apparel Company is a global brand, with many variations of style, color, and fabric for each unique region and country. It aims to create demand with potential users by developing a strong cultural connection. What technique is Uniqlo employing? a. Omiyage b. Glocalization c. Translational equivalence d. Metric equivalence

b. Glocalization

Zachary is a local volunteer working with businesses to help sponsor bringing electricity to a small village in Nepal. He wants to harness solar energy to provide this electricity. To set up a solar plant, he requires the assistance of a private firm based in a neighboring city. The firm agrees to help Zachary in the hope that the success of the plant may lead to more such opportunities in the future and help the firm grow. Which of the following dimensions of core societal values (CSVs) is the firm exhibiting in its decision? a. Uncertainty avoidance b. Long-term orientation c. Indulgence-restraint d. Pragmatic orientation

b. Long-term orientation

Alex, a marketer, asks an advertising agency to place an important piece of information toward the end of an advertisement in order to increase consumers' recall of the advertisement. In the given scenario, Alex wants to create what type of effect in the advertisement? a. Primacy b. Recency c. Message d. Source

b. Recency

Regata is a company that sells televisions in a country with a collectivist culture. The company advertises its product with the tagline: "A means to spend quality time with those who matter the most." The product is associated with feelings of unity. Which of the following elements of nonverbal communication is the company appealing to in the given scenario? a. Manners b. Relationship c. Time d. Symbol

b. Relationship

Eden watches how excited her friend Hailey is using a new map app on her smartphone. Eden asks Hailey if she can try it out, and she finds the new app easier to navigate, more informative, and providing greater detail regarding route information than her current map app. What process is Eden taking part in? a. Uncertainty avoidance b. Socialization c. Tradition d. Role expectations

b. Socialization

Holiday Tree Decorators wants to reach out to prospective customers a month before Christmas. They advertise that everyone who buys from its stores will be invited to a community Christmas party with free food and drinks. The news spreads, and every day a large number of people queue up at its stores to buy Christmas decorations. In the given scenario, Holiday Tree Decorators is using _____. a. viral marketing b. buzz marketing c. ambush marketing d. stealth marketing

b. buzz marketing

Market researchers of NewGen Production House at Boston conducted a survey that showed a growing trend among teens that are passionate about martial arts. Based on these results, it planned to release a movie on this eastern art of fighting. In this context, researchers were successful in noticing the influence of _____ on consumer behavior. a. life expectancy b. cultural diversity c. consumer affluence d. biculturalism

b. cultural diversity

Atohi, a Native American, belongs to a cultural group that practices traditional tribal music. However, she left this cultural group and chose to be a member of a group practicing hip hop music to stand out from the crowd. Atohi is exhibiting the phenomenon of _____. a. role reversal b. divergence c. convergence d. role conflict

b. divergence

Neena is an American teenager of Indian origin. Her parents moved to New York shortly after she was born, but they still remained tied to their roots. Neena likes spicy Indian food because she grew up eating it. Neena's affinity for spicy food is an example of _____. a. ethnocentrism b. enculturation c. cultural sanction d. acculturation

b. enculturation

Chao is an impulsive shopper. Despite resolving to stick to his shopping list, he ends up picking clothes he does not need. Chao can be categorized as a(n) _____. a. action-oriented shopper b. state-oriented shopper c. epistemic shopper d. functional shopper

b. state-oriented shopper

When _____ are made, consumers often have some basic beliefs about products without necessarily having strong feelings toward them. a.impulse purchases b.experiential purchases c.high-involvement purchases d.low-involvement purchases

d.low-involvement purchases

Dogs 'n Slaw is known locally for its numerous and unique hot dog toppings, the most popular being its special formula spicy coleslaw. Dogs 'n Slaw currently operates in just one state but wants to expand to bordering states. How can the company go about collecting demographic data of nearby states to see if expansion is a wise idea? a. It can consult the United States Census Bureau data. b. The company can send some employees to eat at various hot dog restaurants in the neighboring states to survey the competition and report back. c. It would need a special permit to be able to access such data. d. It can't collect such data, as the only data available to businesses is for the state in which they are located.

a. It can consult the United States Census Bureau data.

Samantha buys phones of a particular brand because she is familiar with their features. Although there are several other brands that offer phones with better features at more competitive prices, she does not want to purchase a phone of another brand and go through the trouble of exploring its features. Samantha's reasoning best illustrates which function of attitudes? a. Knowledge b. Utilitarian c. Value-expressive d. Ego-defensive

a. Knowledge

Russell worked as a contractual writer for a small company. The company has no defined dress code, so he has been free to wear his most preferred attire—jeans and a t-shirt. He has always bought a particular brand of t-shirts and has been a loyal customer for years. However, recently he was hired on full-time and is now required to dress more formally. This dress code has caused Russell to switch brands, one that specializes in business wear and suits. Which of the following made Russell change his consumer preference? a. Role expectations b. Peer pressure c. Cultural sanctions d. Ecological factors

a. Role expectations

Evander is looking for a new pair of athletic shoes. He looks online at a variety of brands and types of shoes and goes to a few retail stores to try them on. Evander is doing what? a. Shopping b. Crowding c. Congruity d. Marketing

a. Shopping

Danuta realizes that the price of food at the county fair is higher than she'd normally pay in a grocery store or local restaurant. But she cannot imagine leaving the fair without buying a funnel cake and fresh-squeezed lemonade, which she considers to be tradition and part of the full fair experience. What concept characterizes Danuta's thinking? a. Situational influences b. Satisficing c. Shaping d. Hedonic values

a. Situational influences

Cody often opts to stay at the quite budget-friendly No-Frills Hotel chain when he travels. He feels strongly that all those extra amenities such as continental breakfast, complementary coffee in the room, and a morning newspaper outside the door are not necessary and would drive the price point up beyond what he is willing to pay. But No-Frills recently remodeled, and its signage touts a new fitness room, 24/7 complementary coffee and tea, and prepackaged breakfast pastries, yet no increase in rates. Cody continues to book rooms there since the price is unchanged though he still finds the additional amenities unnecessary. Cody's reception to this change represents what type of theory? a. Social judgment b. Attitude-toward-the-object c. Balance d. Psychoanalytic

a. Social judgment

Rafael sees a commercial for a soft drink and recognizes an expression used by a celebrity endorser as similar to one used in his native country. After mentioning it to friends, he learns that the phrase actually shares the same meaning in both cultures. This is an example of what type of equivalence? a. Translational b. Grammatical c. Metric d. Logical

a. Translational

Emily and Bob are planning to go on vacation. They have developed a budget that includes meals, hotel stay, and some sightseeing. In order to stay within their allotted spending, they do not plan to take additional money. Emily and Bob would be considered _____. a. action-oriented b. state-oriented c. affect-oriented d. atmospheric-oriented

a. action-oriented

Sabrina, a grocery store owner, sells locally produced organic vegetable and fruits. She decides to improve the shopping experience at her store when she discovers that a retail chain is planning to open a store in the neighborhood. She trains her staff on better customer-handling techniques, gives the store interiors a fresher and trendier look, and introduces a loyalty discount card for regular customers. In the given scenario, Sabrina is focusing on improving the store's_____. a. affective quality b. utilitarian shopping value c. functional quality d. epistemic value

a. affective quality

Rosa was asked to fill in a questionnaire as part of a job interview. There were several scenario-based questions that asked for her opinions, likes, and dislikes about people in the scenario. This questionnaire was used to assess her _____. a. attitude b. communication skills c. motivation d. creativity

a. attitude

When Shana decides to go to a specific retail store to look for makeup, she prefers a store that has posters and music that is relatable. In addition, the salesperson's physical appearance matches her expectations for beauty and elicits a favorable or desirable response. This is considered source _____. a. attractiveness b. reliability c. meaningfulness d. credibility

a. attractiveness

Riccardo is a 27-year-old who recently graduated with a master's degree. After living independently during his master's program, he decides to move back home with his parents to save money while he pays on his student loans. In the given scenario, Riccardo belongs to the category of _____. a. boomerang kids b. sandwich generation c. one-adult household d. two-adult household

a. boomerang kids

Michael is the founder of a search engine optimization company. He is eager to improve the quality of work in his company, and he decides to do this by incentivizing high performers. He promotes Elizabeth, a high achieving marketing executive, to the position of an assistant marketing manager. In the given scenario, Michael is using his _____. a. legitimate power b. coercive power c. expert power d. referent power

a. legitimate power

Kayla visits a jewelry store to buy jewelry for an upcoming party. She likes a bracelet and a ring. However, Kayla decides to buy only the bracelet as she had recently spent a lot of money on a dress. In the given scenario, Kayla's decision is guided by _____. a. mental budgeting b. source attractiveness c. emotional ability d. the circadian cycle

a. mental budgeting

Halima recently moved from a small town to a big city to go to college. She faces some uncertainty as to what to wear when going to class. What she thinks is inappropriate college wear is what others find to be appropriate. Halima is experiencing _____. a. role conflict b. structuring c. divergence d. stigmatization

a. role conflict

Mandy's fiancé plans to take her to a jungle-themed restaurant to celebrate her birthday. The restaurant is lush with greenery inside, and the diners feel as if they are in a rainforest. In the context of atmospherics, the décor of the restaurant is an example of _____. a. servicescape b. utilitarian value c. a nonlinear effect d. merchandising

a. servicescape

Which of the following is a characteristic of impulsive consumption? a.A need for immediate self-fulfillment b.Excessive self-regulation and mental budgeting c.Utilitarian shopping value d.Feelings of chronic depression

a.A need for immediate self-fulfillment

Which of the following is true of a nuclear family? a.It is viewed as consisting of a mother, a father, and siblings. b.It is viewed as consisting of three or more generations of family members. c.It is viewed as consisting of previously married spouses and their children. d.It is viewed as consisting of two people who are related by blood and who occupy a housing unit.

a.It is viewed as consisting of a mother, a father, and siblings.

Which of the following statements is true of microcultures? a.Microcultures are no less significant than cultures in terms of the potential influence on consumer behavior. b.Group members of microcultures are distinct in their values and tastes. c.A culture is a subset of a microculture, which is much larger. d.Microculture membership does not alter the value of things.

a.Microcultures are no less significant than cultures in terms of the potential influence on consumer behavior.

_____ explains how environmental elements can lead to near 180-degree changes in shopping orientation. a.Reversal theory b.Antecedent theory c.Preferential theory d.Rational behavior theory

a.Reversal theory

_____ can be defined as the set of potentially value-producing consumer activities that directly increase the likelihood that something will be purchased. a.Shopping b.Crowding c.Marketing d.Congruity

a.Shopping

Which of the following statements is true in the context of antecedent conditions? a.Some consumers give fear of terrorism as one reason why they prefer to do their holiday shopping online rather than in crowded shopping venues. b.Among all methods of payment, credit card payments have a way of emphasizing the sacrifice required for purchase. c.Surveys suggest that the popularity of gift cards has been declining steadily over the last two decades in the United States. d.A consumer who has recently splurged on spending in one category will tend to spend more in other categories as well.

a.Some consumers give fear of terrorism as one reason why they prefer to do their holiday shopping online rather than in crowded shopping venues.

In the context of consumer behavior, identify a true statement about situational influences. a.They are temporary conditions. b.They do not affect consumer decision making. c.They represent the enduring characteristics of consumers. d.They do not capture contextual effects.

a.They are temporary conditions.

The ATO approach is known as a(n) _____, wherein attitudes are formed holistically across a number of attributes, with poor ratings on one attribute being offset by higher ratings on another attribute. a.compensatory model b.changing schema-based affect c.elaboration likelihood model d.consistency principle

a.compensatory model

The _____ suggests that affect, behavior, and cognitions form in a sequential order. a.hierarchy of effects approach b.social cognitive theory c.hierarchy of needs approach d.functional theory of attitudes

a.hierarchy of effects approach

One notable demographic trend that is relevant to consumer researchers is _____. a.increasing consumer affluence b.decreasing cultural diversity c.decreasing life expectancy d.rising birthrates

a.increasing consumer affluence

As a core societal value (CSV), individualism refers to the extent to which _____. a.people expect each other to take responsibility for themselves and their immediate family b.people's lives are intertwined with a large cohesive group c.people respond to a good deed by doing a good deed in return d.people accept as fact the principle of the division of authority among different groups within society

a.people expect each other to take responsibility for themselves and their immediate family

A situation in which consumers are marked in some way that indicates their place in society is known as _____. a.stigmatization b.divergence c.habitus d.bicultural

a.stigmatization

In the context of the ABC approach to attitudes, cognition refers to _____. a.the beliefs that a consumer has about an object b.a consumer's feelings about an object c.a consumer's core beliefs and self-concept d.the overt behavior exhibited by a consumer

a.the beliefs that a consumer has about an object

The influence of reference groups is _____. a.weak for product selection in the necessity category b.weak for brand selection in the public necessity category c.weak for product selection in the luxury items category d.high for product selection on private necessities but weak on public necessities

a.weak for product selection in the necessity category

Marianna is a baker and runs her own baking classes. Her husband is a marketing agent for Fresh Flour. While demonstrating how to bake a cake, Marianna uses Fresh flour and states repeatedly, "While you can use other flours, cakes baked with Fresh brand flour taste better." The result is that her baking students also purchase bags of Fresh flour from her. In the given scenario, Marianna is using _____ marketing to increase her husband's sales. a. viral b. stealth c. ambush d. buzz

b. stealth

Maria's sister wants to buy a fur coat. Maria is insistent that her sister buy a fur coat made from fake fur and not real animal fur. Maria's suggestion is influenced by the fact that she is a member of the Animal Lovers Society. This scenario shows that reference group influence is _____. a. greater on private products than on public products. b. strong for product selection where luxuries are concerned c. strong for product selection where necessities are concerned d. unaffected by the type of product or brand being selected.

b. strong for product selection where luxuries are concerned

Which of the following statements is true of attitudes? a.Attitudes motivate people to behave in inconsistent ways. b.Attitudes and value are closely related. c.Attitudes do not affect the choice of products. d.Negative attitudes do not have a profound effect on consumers.

b.Attitudes and value are closely related.

Which of the following statements is true about microcultures around the world? a.Microcultures consist of a group of people who have diverse values and tastes. b.Street microcultures, including music, sports, and fashion, exist around the world. c.Unlike in the United States, microculture membership does not affect the value of things in China. d.Microcultures are confined to a particular region or country.

b.Street microcultures, including music, sports, and fashion, exist around the world

How has interactive communications, such as websites and blogs, changed the communication model? a.The source encodes a message, which flows to a medium, and then to a receiver. b.The flow of information uses a many-to-many approach. c.There is no flow from consumers to marketers. d.The flow of information is considered a one-way street.

b.The flow of information uses a many-to-many approach.

In the context of the attitude-toward-the-object (ATO) model, which of the following statements is true? a.Salient beliefs about an attribute can be disregarded. b.The strength of the belief that a certain object has an attribute can help predict a consumer's attitude. c.The ATO model is academic in nature and does not have any practical application. d.The weights that are associated with various attributes always remain constant.

b.The strength of the belief that a certain object has an attribute can help predict a consumer's attitude.

Which of the following is a characteristic of consumers from high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures? a.They find routine activities boring and look for change. b.They avoid taking risks. c.They like to try innovative products. d.They tend to be less superstitious.

b.They avoid taking risks.

Which of the following statements is true of the microcultures around the world? a.Microcultures are confined to one region or country. b.With immigration on the rise, many countries are developing more microcultures. c.Street microcultures exist only in western countries. d.Social media hinders the spread of microcultures.

b.With immigration on the rise, many countries are developing more microcultures.

Acquisitional shopping refers to activities oriented toward _____. a.a desire for immediate self-fulfillment b.a specific, intended purchase or purchases c.acquiring knowledge about products d.recreation, excitement, and relaxation

b.a specific, intended purchase or purchases

The _____ represents the emotional meaning of an environment, which results from the sum effect of all ambient attributes that affect the way one feels in that place. a.functional quality b.affective quality c.antecedent condition d.temporal factor

b.affective quality

The theory of planned action includes a perceived control component that _____. a.shows there is no significant relationship between the consumers' attitude toward an advertisement and their attitude toward the product being advertised b.assesses the difficulty faced by consumers in performing a behavior and the extent to which consumers perceive that they are in control of the product selection c.shows that the consumers' attitude about a company does not affect their decision to buy the company's products d.uses three elements to predict consumers' attitude—salient beliefs, strength of the belief, and evaluation of the attribute

b.assesses the difficulty faced by consumers in performing a behavior and the extent to which consumers perceive that they are in control of the product selection

A distinguishing characteristic of compulsive consumer behavior is that it is _____. a.driven by logic and rationality b.driven by chronic depression c.beneficial to a consumer d.exhibited through excessive self-regulation

b.driven by chronic depression

In the context of reference group influence, the _____ of groups refers to the ways in which consumers use the behaviors and attitudes of reference groups as data for making their own decisions. a.peer pressure influence b.informational influence c.utilitarian influence d.value-expressive influence

b.informational influence

One way in which cultures become _____ is through immigration and the growth of microcultures. a.less poverty-stricken b.more diverse c.more segmented d.more affluent

b.more diverse

Davida recently joined her high school debate team. The team has a tradition of loading up on double-shot espresso drinks the morning of a debate. As they carpool to the debate site, her friend pulls right up to the local Java Jam drive-through and orders tall drinks for all in the group without even asking what drinks everyone would prefer. Davida doesn't really like the taste of coffee but says nothing. She is experiencing what concept? a. Authority b. Expert power c. Conformity d. Social coercion

c. Conformity

Miya lives in a state known for its harsh winters. During the winter months, she likes to shop at the local mall. The food court there has a café she frequents called Island Vibe Café. Its menu features Caribbean type food and is decorated in an island motif. What factors are likely to explain why Miya is drawn to this café? a. Demographic b. Technological c. Ecological d. Geodemographic

c. Ecological

Finn was born in Bavaria, which is in southeast Germany, and though he moved to the United States when he was young, he can still speak German, his native-born language. His dorm mate Andrew excitedly tells Finn that Lukas, who lives in their same dorm, is also from Germany and that they should get together and converse in their native language. Andrew overhears their conversation and is surprised at how they each pronounce certain words differently. Andrew learns, though, that Lukas is from Berlin, yet Bavaria has its own dialect. What concept does this scenario represent? a. Social classes exist throughout the world. b. Street microcultures do not exist in Germany. c. Microcultures exist around the world, not just in the United States. d. Germans all speak the same language no matter the region of Germany they are from.

c. Microcultures exist around the world, not just in the United States.

Leah, a university student, likes to stay connected with her friends through various social media platforms. Leah wants to work and live in an urban setting and has also decided to take up an unpaid internship to gain experience. To which generational microculture is Leah most likely to belong? a. Baby boomers b. Generation X c. Millennials d. The silent generation

c. Millennials

Laila wants to go see the latest Hollywood blockbuster. On a tight budget, she would prefer to attend the 4:15 movie time, which is considered matinee pricing and thus cheaper. Laila is eager to see the movie, but she works until 4:30 most days. Laila ponders whether to ask her supervisor if she came in a half hour early to work if she could leave a half hour early. Which value category of the customer journal is Laila emphasizing? a. Place b. Touchpoints c. Time d. Seasonality

c. Time

Sabina is a college student who has recently moved to Japan. She has never eaten sushi, a Japanese dish of raw fish and rice. She watches her new friends enjoy sushi every other day and decides to try it. She now enjoys sushi so much that she has learned to prepare it at home. Sabina's behavior is an example of _____. a. ethnic identification b. consumer ethnocentrism c. acculturation d. enculturation

c. acculturation

Bye-Bye Bugs is a company that manufactures bug sprays. It airs a commercial on summer evenings after sunset when mosquitos and other insects tend to be more prolific. In the given scenario, Bye-Bye Bugs is using _____. a. discretionary timing b. time pressure c. advertiming d. circadian rhythm

c. advertiming

Elijah is still part of a group of friends that has known each other since high school. The members still meet every weekend even though they all have families and jobs. They feel very involved and connected with the group. All the members of his group are very conscious about their health and the quality of food they eat. Their buying and eating habits have slowly influenced each other over the years, and the members now follow the same diet and exercise plans. In the given scenario, Elijah is a member of a(n) _____. a. formal group b. secondary group c. ingroup d. outgroup

c. ingroup

_____ occurs when an individual yields to the attitudes and behaviors of other consumers. a.Social coercion b.Authority c.Conformity d.Expert power

c.Conformity

_____ refers to how consistent the elements of an environment are with each other. a.Atmospherics b.Servicescape c.Congruity d.Geodemographics

c.Congruity

Which of the following statements is true in the context of temporal factors? a.Discretionary time is a result of excessive time pressure. b.Consumers facing time pressure are more likely to make better judgments about prices. c.Consumers experiencing time pressure are more likely to rely on simple choice heuristics than are those in less-tense situations. d.Personalized services increase utilitarian value when consumers feel like they lack spare time.

c.Consumers experiencing time pressure are more likely to rely on simple choice heuristics than are those in less-tense situations.

_____ occurs in a situation in which consumers choose membership in microcultures in an effort to stand out or define themselves from the crowd. a.Stratification b.Stigmatization c.Divergence d.Role reversal

c.Divergence

Which of the following models illustrates how attitudes are changed based on differing levels of consumer involvement? a.Compensatory model b.Attitude-toward-the-object model c.Elaboration likelihood model d.Multiattribute attitude model

c.Elaboration likelihood model

Which of the following statements is true of reference groups and their influence on product selection? a.For necessities, reference group influence is strong for product selection. b.Their influence on decisions, like how much groceries to buy, is high. c.For luxuries, reference group influence is strong for product selection. d.Their influence is unaffected by the type of product being selected.

c.For luxuries, reference group influence is strong for product selection.

Which of the following statements is true of the U.S. census data? a.The only way to obtain census data is by acquiring a permit from the government. b.It contains details about people and households around the world. c.It contains details about people and households in the United States. d.It provides an estimate of future U.S. households.

c.It contains details about people and households in the United States.

Which of the following is a true statement about nonverbal communication? a.It is emphasized by low-context cultures. b.It is usually intentional. c.It is culturally laden. d.It transcends cross-cultural barriers.

c.It is culturally laden.

Which of the following is true of Globish? a.It has increased the English vocabulary by about 1,500 words. b.It is the international language of marketing. c.It is free of contractions and silent letters. d.It is grammatically correct English.

c.It is free of contractions and silent letters.

_____ were born between 1981 and 1995 and are also known as Generation Y. These consumers tend to be technologically savvy. a.The greatest generation consumers b.The Baby Boomers c.Millennials d.The silent generation consumers

c.Millennials

Which of the following statements is true in the context of impulsive shopping and consumption? a.Simple unplanned purchases usually have real emotional involvement and involve significant amounts of self-gratification. b.Retailers with a high proportion of action-oriented consumers in their target market are more likely to thrive on consumers' impulse purchases. c.Online retailers can facilitate the impulse buying process by making the transaction a simple one-step process. d.Something in the environment, such as a point-of-purchase display, usually triggers the knowledge in memory that something is needed.

c.Online retailers can facilitate the impulse buying process by making the transaction a simple one-step process.

In the context of consumer culture, what a person consumes helps determine _____. a.the role expectations in a culture b.the social etiquette of a culture c.acceptance by other consumers in society d.the nature of cultural sanctions in society

c.acceptance by other consumers in society

Groups have the power to sanction group members for breaking rules or failing to follow expectations. This is known as _____. a.expert power b.referent power c.coercive power d.reward power

c.coercive power

Calypso Coffees and Teas wants to know consumer attitudes about its latest product. It has rolled out an herbal tea infused with hibiscus leaves. Calypso touts the benefits of antioxidants the tea offers and its claim of lowering blood pressure, on top of it being a new item. Which of the following statements is true about attitudes and would be applicable here? a. Attitudes motivate people to behave in inconsistent ways. b. Attitudes do not affect the choice of products. c. Negative attitudes do not have a profound effect on consumers. d. Attitudes and value are closely related

d. Attitudes and value are closely related

Sandhya is a recent college graduate living in India. She likes to splurge on a particular face cream from a high-end cosmetics company. Its ingredients are exotic yet natural. She could not have afforded this cream while in college, but now that she is working full-time she can justify the higher cost for a product she believes warrants the price. What market is Sandhya likely part of? a. BRIS b. CANZUS c. Glocalization d. Chindia

d. Chindia

Leo works full-time, takes his children to their activities, and makes plans to have a weekly date night with his partner. Leo has a very busy lifestyle and is looking to save time. Which of the following statements is true in relation to Leo's temporal (time related) considerations? a. Discretionary time is a result of excessive time pressure. b. Personalized services increase utilitarian value when consumers feel they lack spare time. c. Consumers facing time pressure are more likely to make better judgments about price. d. Consumers who are hedonically motivated will more likely trade time for money.

d. Consumers who are hedonically motivated will more likely trade time for money.

Hailey has just finished her exams. She goes to the mall to meet her friends and indulges in a shopping spree, purchasing many products impulsively. This is an example of what type of purchase? a. Low-involvement b. High-involvement c. Utilitarian d. Experiential

d. Experiential

Anna was born in 1963. She has saved a substantial sum of money for her retirement years. With her nearing retirement age, she has already started planning to visit exotic countries in the years to come. To which generational microculture is Anna most likely to belong? a. The greatest generation b. Generation Z c. The silent generation d. The baby boomers

d. The baby boomers

Tyler and his college buddies are watching the basketball finals and really don't pay much attention to the commercial advertising retirement plans as they feel they are too young to even think about that. But this particular commercial is playing music from one of their favorite bands, so they actually find themselves singing to the commercial and remembering the financial services company being promoted. What are Tyler and friends exhibiting? a. They develop a number of thoughts regarding an incoming message that may contradict the information. b. They find that an incoming message is particularly relevant to their situation. c. They are less likely to pay attention to the attractiveness of the person delivering a message. d. They are unlikely to develop cognitive responses to the message.

d. They are unlikely to develop cognitive responses to the message.

Gabriel recently joined a metal rock band that some kids from his neighborhood formed. They all chipped in to purchase matching T-shirts emblazoned with the band name. But Gabriel personally hates the color of the shirt and is less than thrilled about the name the band decided on. But he shows up to the band's first practice session wearing the shirt, as much as it pains him, to convey his unity with the band even though he wasn't sure he had to wear it for practice sessions. Gabriel is exhibiting what type of influence? a. Value-expressive b. Peer group c. Informational d. Utilitarian

d. Utilitarian

Monique works as an editor in a leading fashion magazine. She buys trendy clothing to fit in with the others in her company. This is an example of which function of attitudes? a. Value-expressive b. Ego-defensive c. Knowledge d. Utilitarian

d. Utilitarian

An aspirational group is a group _____. a.with which a consumer interacts frequently b.that has no membership or application requirements c.to which a consumer does not want to belong d.in which a consumer desires to become a member

d.in which a consumer desires to become a member

Abigail is from Sweden and is visiting the city of Jaipur in India for the first time. She was invited for lunch by one of the local families. She observes that the women of the household eat after everyone in the family. When Abigail expressed her desire to eat with the women, she was told that it would be inappropriate as guests were always served first. In the given scenario, Abigail has come across an example of _____. a. cultural sanctions b. enculturation c. ethnocentrism d. cultural norms

d. cultural norms

Sanjay lives in a subdivision where roughly one out of three homeowners has a hot tub. He has been eagerly anticipating buying a hot tub himself for several years. He saved money, did his research, and sought the opinions of his friends, neighbors, and family members. Finally, when the time was right, he decided to make the purchase. Sanjay's actions can be attributed to consumer _____. a. involvement b. value c. affect d. culture

d. culture

Kalisha is the head of the IT department at a multinational corporation. Her friend Moira wants to buy a new laptop for work and has shortlisted two laptops. She gives Kalisha the specification for each laptop, who then shares her opinion on which one would be better for Moira. In the given scenario, Kalisha is exercising her _____. a. coercive power b. reward power c. legitimate power d. expert power

d. expert power

Heather, a search engine optimization executive for a soft-drink manufacturer, is participating in an online discussion forum. The discussion is about the best brand of soft drink in the country. Under a fake identity, Heather writes a positive review of the soft drink that her company manufactures. In the given scenario, Heather is _____ to promote her products. a. shilling b. tracking c. hacking d. infiltrating

d. infiltrating

Abi is a fifteen-year-old student who lives with her parents and her younger sister, Kendra. Both her parents work, and Abi and Kendra share chores that they do around the house to help their parents. In the context of family structures, Abi's family is a _____. a. extended family b. foster family c. blended family d. nuclear family

d. nuclear family

Mia is known for her sense of style in college. For the graduation ceremony, Mia decides to wear a new watch. At the watch store, she chooses "Saturn," a very expensive watch. Mia's choice of a watch that is not just highly expensive but is sure to catch everyone's eye, exhibits the concept of _____. a. attention to environmental bias b. separated self-schema c. household decision making d. susceptibility to interpersonal influence

d. susceptibility to interpersonal influence

_____ refers to the extent to which a company actively monitors its customers' evaluations of objects, products, services, issues, or people over time. a.Attribute monitoring b.Behavioral intentions modeling c.Attitude—behavior consistency d.Attitude tracking

d.Attitude tracking

_____ represents the commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying within a specific society. a.Consumer value b.Consumer affect c.Consumer involvement d.Consumer culture

d.Consumer culture

_____ refers to the ability of a group or individual to influence a consumer due to the group's or individual's knowledge of, or experience with, a specific subject matter. a.Referent power b.Coercive power c.Legitimate power d.Expert power

d.Expert power

_____ generally have a set of stated rules, accepted values, and codes of conduct that members are expected to adhere to. a.Outgroups b.Aspirational groups c.Dissociative groups d.Formal groups

d.Formal groups

Which of the following is true of buzz marketing? a.It is not very popular due to mass media fragmentation and advertising clutter. b.It markets products without letting consumers know that they are being marketed to. c.It is the process by which new products are adopted and spread through the marketplace. d.It can be facilitated through online technologies.

d.It can be facilitated through online technologies.

_____ is associated with authority that comes from holding an important position in a group. a.Coercive power b.Referent power c.Expert power d.Legitimate power

d.Legitimate power

_____ alert marketers when someone, or at least someone's smartphone or tablet, has entered an area. a.Flag semaphore signals b.Field Service Management Software c.Smart agent software d.Near-field communication technologies

d.Near-field communication technologies

Which of the following statements is true of age-based microcultures? a.Teens receive less attention than any other age-based group. b.Similarity in behavior among teens prevents them from filling the role expectations for a teenager in U.S. society. c.Most teens do not share behavior patterns and are quite varied in the behavior. d.People of the same age end up sharing many of the same values and develop similar consumer preferences.

d.People of the same age end up sharing many of the same values and develop similar consumer preferences.

In which of the following types of social powers does a consumer imitate the behaviors and attitudes of groups as a means of identifying with the group? a.Coercive power b.Expert power c.Legitimate power d.Referent power

d.Referent power

The _____ refers to the way in which new products are adopted and spread throughout a marketplace. a.product life cycle b.social couponing practice c.consumer socialization process d.diffusion process

d.diffusion process

In the context of the qualities of an environment, the number of employees and the breadth and depth of merchandise can be categorized as _____. a.affective qualities b.temporal factors c.antecedent conditions d.functional qualities

d.functional qualities

The term _____ refers to mental and cognitive structures through which individuals perceive the world based largely on their standing in a social class. a.etiquette b.touchpoint c.cohort d.habitus

d.habitus

Source effects _____. a.occur when the information placed early in a message has the most effect b.occur when the placement of information in a message impacts the recall of the information c.refer to how the appeal of a message and its construction affect persuasiveness d.refer to the characteristics of the person delivering a message that influence persuasion

d.refer to the characteristics of the person delivering a message that influence persuasion

Brand community is a special type of _____. a.aspirational group b.dissociative group c.informal group d.secondary group

d.secondary group

The knowledge function of attitudes enables consumers to _____. a.use attitudes as ways to minimize punishment b.develop positive attitudes toward image-enhancing products c.express their core values, self-concept, and beliefs d.simplify decision-making processes

d.simplify decision-making processes

The division of society into classes that have unequal access to scarce and valuable resources is known as _____. a.divergence b.stigmatization c.cognitive structuring d.social stratification

d.social stratification

The _____ of attitudes is based on the concept of reward and punishment. a.hedonic function b.value-expressive function c.ego-defensive function d.utilitarian function

d.utilitarian function