EXSC 387 Exam 2

When studied, which drink was most effective in inhibiting atherosclerosis and improving lipids when polyphenol dose was normalized?

Grape juice

Heart Disease has been the leading cause of death among Americans since 1900 (except 1918). What was the leading cause of death in 1918?

Influenza

distant metastasis

M

What is it called when a malignant tumor migrates to a distant site from its origin?

Metastasis

Lymph-node involvement

N

What are four cellular mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise are thought to enhance neural function?

Neutoprotection Neurogenesis Neurotransmitters Neurotrophic factors

Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in men?

Prostate

A diet characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, fish, and poultry is commonly termed a

Prudent diet

What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in bone, muscle, or other connective tissue?

Sarcoma

Which of the following foods has been most correlated with increased depressive prevalence?

Sugars

What is the pressure in the arteries called when the heart is in ventricular contraction?

Systolic

Primary Tumor

T

What could happen to blood pressure if someone who is overweight lost 10 kg?

There blood pressure could drop to a 16-point and 11-point systolic and diastolic pressure.

Antiproliferatives

These are common _____ that interfere with the cell cycle.

According to some research, the more food a person is served the more they tend to eat.

True

CVD and CHD are the same thing.

false

Chronic refers to something that occurs at a specific time for a short duration.

false

Hypertension can always be controlled with lifestyle alone and drugs are only needed when a person has an unhealthy lifestyle.

false

The term "acute" describes something that persists for a long period.

false

While most studies have found that PA either delays loss or, or has no effect on, cognitive function in elderly subjects, a few studies have reported an accelerated loss of cognitive function with PA.

false

Which is the most lethal cancer for men and women?

lung cancer

Which risk factor has the greatest potential for reducing risk of heart disease?

quitting smoking

Modifier number

stage #

CVD death rates are apparently going down even though incidence and prevalence rates are relatively unchanged.

true

Hypertension has been linked to long-term loss of cognitive ability as related to memory, problem solving, concentration, and judgment.

true

In relation to depression and anxiety, exercise is at least as effective as more traditional therapies.

true

Only about 30% of the population in the US is consuming less than 2,400 mg/day of sodium.

true

Studies have shown that risk of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia can be significantly reduced in older women who are most active.

true

For every kilo lost BP decreases

1.6 systalic / 1.1 diastolic

According to the results of the study "Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing," for every 1 MET increase in exercise capacity there was a _____ % increase in survival.

12%

Prehypertension BP

120-139/80-89

Normal blood pressure

120/80

Stage 1 hypertension

140-159/90-99

Stage 2 hypertension

160/100

What percent decrease in risk for heart disease could be expected if a person decreased their total cholesterol 10%? (be specific in your answer)

20-30%

According to the results of the study "Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing," normal subjects who had the lowest exercise capacity had a relative risk for all cause mortality of 4.5. What percent increase in risk would this be?

350% Higher risk

If all forms of major CVD were eliminated, total life expectancy would increase nearly ___ years. If all forms of cancer were eliminated, the increase is just ___ years.

7 years, 3 years

What is the threshold for diagnosed hypertension? _____ / _____ mm Hg

90 mmHG/140 mmHG

In the US, what is the percent lifetime risk for developing hypertension for a person age 55 who is normotensive?

90%

Antioxidant

A substance that slows down oxidation, foods include blueberries and green vegetables.

In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), population attributable risk for coronary disease went from 64% for women who had 4 low-risk factors to 82% for women who had 5 low-risk factors. What additional risk factor was thought to contribute to the increase in population attributable risk?

Alcohol »5 g/day or moderate alcohol consumption.

What term describes a malignant cancer initiating the process of producing its own blood supply?

Angiogenesis

Which is the most common (highest prevalence) cancer in women?

Breast cancer

Cholesteral is the best predictor of

CVD

Which disease contributes to more years of life lost?

Cancer

What is the tumor classification for cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs?

Carcinoma

Which cancer is most affected (in a beneficial way) by physical activity?

Colon cancer

What is the pressure in the arteries called when the heart is resting between beats?

Diastolic

In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) what were at least 3 of the 5 components of a low-risk profile?

Diet smoking and exercise

Age related increase in blood pressure is seen among all individuals regardless of lifestyle.

False

The lifetime risk for developing cancer is greater for women than men.

False

The French have low coronary heart disease mortality with high fat consumption; this epidemiological anomaly is known as the __________________ ____________.

French paradox