FAD ch 14

what could the united states learn from other countries about early childhood education and childcare policies

the united states views childcare as a private matter left up to parents, but many other developed nations view childcare as a public concern. childcare is more available, affordable, and of higher quality in other countries.

trends in child labor

used to be that children were very desired for manufactured jobs, children were easy to negotiate with

living wages

wages that are above federal or state minimum wage levels, usually ranging from 100% to 130% of the poverty line

daycare centers

nonresidential facilities that provide childcare

people feel greater work family conflict when

1. the demands of paid work and family responsibilities are higher 2. the resources that help them manage those demands are fewer 3. the perceptions of demands they believe must fulfill are higher

5 most time consuming household tasks are

1. meal preparation 2. housecleaning 3.shopping for groceries 4.washing dishes and cleaning up after meals 5. laundary

womens labor force participation

1975- only 55% of mothers with children under the age 18 worked

macro level facors that shape the devision of household labor

sex cultural attitudes towards gender cultural expectations for mothers and fathers historical period value attributed to specific resources sex of children

work family conflict

a form of tension under which people feel that the pressures from paid work and family roles are incompatible in some way

time availability perspective

a perspective that suggests the division of labor is largely determined by 1. the need for household labor, such as the number of children in the home and 2. each partners ability to perform household tasks, such as the number of hours spent in paid work

who does what? childcare?

fathers are willing to spend more time with their sons than with their daughters and fathers are even willing to reduce their own private leisure to spend with their sons girls with brothers receive more time with there fathers then girls in all female families

early childhood education and care

an international term for daycare, preschool, and other programs to ensure that all children begin elementary school with basic skills and are ready to learn

spillover

an occurrence caused by the demands involved in one sphere of work carrying over into work in another sphere

renegotiating famly work

fathers time has increased from 2.5 hours a week to 7.3 women experience more stress and burnout then do men

role overload

feelings overwhelmed by many different commitments and not having enough time to meet each commitment effectively

children's labor in the home

children perform household labor bc: parents are attempting to socialize their children to future or adult parental roles some need extra assistance to keep up with housework and childcare demands

self care

children who are unsupervised and taking care of themselves

nannies/babysitters

non relatives that provide childcare in the home

occasional labor

household tasks that are more time flexible and discretionary such as household repairs, yard care, or paying bills

the changing dynamics of the workplace in early america

in colonial america, most families worked closely with the land, their lives revolved around seasonal work by the 19th century the us economy evolved to put emphasis on industrialization -by 1890, 17% of women were in the labor force

household labor

in general, the unpaid work done to maintain family members and/or the home- sometimes excluded childcare and other types of emotional labor and caregiving

the change during this cultural shift of woman working reflects

increasing job and education opportunities, the popularity of feminist ideas of social and economic equality promoted by the women's movement, and a change in economy

nonstandard work schedules

job schedules that are part time, sub contracted, temporary in nature, occur at night, or offer irregular work schedules

mini moms

lower income families and single parent families rely on children to help with numerous household tasks and take care of the children

unemployment personal effects

lower marriage rates, leads to fewer children being born, domestic violence, and harms children's well being

life in recession

many breadwinners lost their jobs, had their incomes reduced, contributing in: rise in home foreclosures, personal bankruptcies, and the number of families who cannot access the health care system, also affects personal relationships

routine household labor

non discretionary routine tasks that can't be postponed, such as cooking, washing dishes, and cleaning

first child labor law

passed in massachutes, if under 15 you have to go to school for at least 3 months out of the year

micro level factors

personal inclination employment status and number of hours worked

womens roles become increasingly intertwined with class and race

poor or minority women had to work, whereas white middle class women could enjoy "true womanhood"

family childcare providers

private homes other than the childs home where childcare is provided

who does what? housework?

studies indicate that women do significantly more housework than men women's work tends to be routine- non discretionary and repetitive in total, women performed about twice as much housework as did men on average woman work an extra 15 hours a week compared to men

"doing gender"

suggests that housework is ingrained as women's work that it functions as an area in which gender is symbolically created and reproduced gendered norms exert a powerful influence on what we see as normative

statistics of childcare

teenage girls do more housework than teenage boys, girls tend to do more routine inside chores where boys do outside chores children in two parent dual earner families and chldren of highly educated families tend to do less housework and childcare

relative resource perspectives

the greater the relative amount of value of resources contributed by a partner, the greater his or hew power within the relationship, which can then be translated into bargaining to avoid tasks such as housework that offer no pay and minimal social prestige

Gender perspective "doing gender"

the perspective of time availability and relative resources are largely gender neutral

disposable workforce

the threat of loosing health insurance- the affordable care act

second shift

women returned to their jobs of housework and childcare, and men returned home to "help"

work family conflict works in both ways

work is made more difficult by participation in family roles and participation in family roles in made more difficult by work