FAS370 final

What are the two questions Choice and Lamke said frame woman's decision to stay/leave an abusive relationship?

"Will I be better off?" "Can I do it?"

What is child abuse?

"distinctive acts of violence and nonviolence and acts of omission and commission that place children at risk."

The pornography industry is worth how much?

$13 billion

How big of an industry is video games?

$18 billion

What are the only ways a Covenant Marriage can end in divorce?

1. Couple seperated for 2 years 2. Either spouse cheats 3. A spouse is sent to prison on a felony charge 4. Sexual abuse of spouse or child 5. Spouse abandonment of home for over 1 year

Parents getting divorced creates a very slippery slope for their children's future marriage chances. Explain this process.

1. Parents divorce, kids move in with mom (typically) and standard of living goes down. a. Lower standard of living means that educational attainment will also be lower b. Lower educational attainment means higher chances of premarital pregnancy 2. Kids feel depressed, anxious, and stressed - long term negative effects such as being poorly prepared for marriage in the future. 3. Divorced parents aren't good role models, their children will see divorce as a solution to a difficult marriage, instead of trying to work things out with their spouse 4. Children of divorced parents are more willing to accept divorce as the only way to deal with a troubled marriage 5. Children have a loss in faith with the idea of marital permanence because it was undermined by their parents divorce.

Divorce/remarriage stats

1/3 marriages end within 10 years, 2/5 marriages end in 15 years, 3/4 men and 6/10 women will remarry

What happened after 2009 when the couples who had to wait to divorce finally had the means to?

1/3 were able to setting their differences 3/4 stayed together through the crisis but marital quality continued to decline during the crisis, seriously affecting their children.

By the age of 18, how many simulated murders will the average american child have seen?

16,000

How many states give teachers the right to paddle their students?

19

CPS receives how many reports of child abuse annually?

2 million

By the age of 18, how many simulated acts of violence will the average american child have seen?

200,000

How many guns are owned by American Citizens?

270 Million

What happened to the divorce rate in 1970 when no fault divorces were introduced?

30% jump in divorce rate

How much higher are the murder and rape rates in the US versus other industrialized nations?

4 times higher

How many marriages end within 15 years?

43%

How many reports of child abuse does CPS receive every week?

60,000

What percentage of men are the perpetrators in domestic assaults?

80%

How many violent crimes between families were reported by the DoJ in 2010?

800,000

Stepfather/Stepdaughter, Father/Daughter, & Grandfather/Granddaughter make up for what proportion of incest cases?

90%

What is a no-fault divorce?

A divorce in which neither party must prove that the other is responsible for the breakdown of the relationship, and that the divorce was caused by things like irreconcilable differences

Divorce

A formal and legal dissolution of marriage

What is incest?

A special case of child abuse where the sexual relationship is with a closely-related family member

Elderly women are more likely to be abused than men, but men are more likely to be what?

Abandoned

Same-sex couples have a unique form of control over their partners that heterosexual couples don't have. What is it?

Ability to "out" their partner without their consent.

An upper class, married, heterosexual male becomes unemployed. What does this tell us about the likelihood of abuse?

Abuse becomes more likely due to the unemployment, but the upper class families are less likely to have familial abuse issues.

What is the difference between abuse and neglect?

Abuse is intentional harm, neglect is failure to provide basic needs

In the context of an abused child, what is the relationship between their childhood, and parenthood?

Abused children are more likely to be abusive parents.

Though there is a greater likelihood, there is no evidence that children who suffer from abuse are programmed to grow up and become....

Abusers themselves

Children who suffered from sexual abuse are at greater risk for what kind of pregnancy

Adolescent Pregnancy

commuter family

Adults in the family living and working apart for professional or financial reasons, often leaving the daily care of children to one parent

What ethnicity of children are the most abused?

African American Children

What ethnic group is the most likely to divorce?

African Americans

What is a possible reason that blacks divorced 8% more thqan whites in their first 15 years of marriage?

African Americans have less income, wealth, and education than whites, creating more economic strain on a marriage

Exposure to media violence is likely to what?

Aggressive behaviors, aggressive attitudes, desensitization to violence

In 2011, there were 15% more African Americans living below the poverty line than whites, and white people made, on average, $23,000 more a year than black people. African Americans are also 2x more likely to be unemployed than whites. What does this information tell us?

All of this tells us that blacks are more likely to experience marital disruption due to all of these factors, causing them to be more likely to get a divorce.

What is ageism?

An atmosphere in which the elderly are devalued, negatively stereotyped, and subject to discrimination.

In 2010, 700,000 women were raped and 3 million women women experienced severe physical violence by who?

An intimate partner

What are some possible social and behavioral outcomes of children who suffer from abuse?

Antisocial behavior (physical abuse), physical aggression (physical abuse), heightened fear, heightened anger, less emotional stability, less problem-solving skills, less emotional regulation, less adaptability to new or stressful situations, greater likelihood of adolescent pregnancy (sexual abuse), greater likelihood of substance abuse later in life, more likely to get in trouble with the law, more likely to run away from home

Paddling in schools is only is permitted in only which two developed countries, which ones?

Australia and the United States

Why is it impossible to know the the precise extent of child abuse/neglect?

Because studies of child abuse have not used uniform definitions, and that it is an extremely sensitive issue to those involved.

Why do cohabiting couples decrease the divorce rate?

Because they decrease the marriage rate by separating before marriage

People living longer lives has resulted in less likelihood of what?

Being widowed

Do bisexual women, lesbian women, or heterosexual women experience the most partner abuse?

Bisexual

What sport is the most funded and most participated in in schools?

Boys Football

Exposure to physical abuse in the first 3 years of a child's life is associated with what kind injuries?

Brain Injuries

What are some possible health outcomes of children who suffer from abuse?

Brain injuries (especially those abused before age 3), STDs, Mental retardation, physical defects, speech problems, depression, feelings of hopelessness, low self-esteem

What are some negative outcomes of physical child abuse?

Brain injuries, physical defects

Likelihood of elder abuse goes up if what is true about their caregiver?

Caregiver is depressed, shows hostility, or abuses alcohol

Men are more likely to be the assailants in all forms of family violence except for what kind?

Child Abuse

Greater likelihood of adolescent pregnancy and greater risk of getting STDs is linked to what kind of child abuse?

Child Sexual Abuse

Is child abuse or intimate partner violence more prevalent?

Child abuse

Parents being too demanding, lack of parenting skills, being a victim of abuse as a child, and economic hardship all increase risk of what?

Child abuse

Women are more likely than men to commit what kind of abuse?

Child abuse

What is the relationship between upper class/affluent families and child abuse?

Child abuse is underreported among upper-class families because they are better able to hide it and aren't suspected as much as lower and middle class families are.

Annually, there are 700,000 confirmed victims of what?

Child maltreatment

What is another term for child sexual abuse?

Child molestation

What are some examples of sexual behaviors that are normalized/eroticized by porn?

Child sexual abuse, rape, sexual harassment, battery, prostitution,

In a domestic abuse situation where the man is abusing the woman, what role could a couple's children play and how could they affect the situation?

Children could make the woman feel like she has to stay in the relationship due to financial dependencies for her children. A woman might also fear that if she leaves the relationship, that her children will be in greater danger because of that decision.

Exposure to violence as a child is related to intimate partner violence in adulthood. Why?

Children that experience violence as a child aren't taught skills to deal with conflict in a peaceful manner, and therefore learn to handle problems physically or verbally in irrational ways.

Premarital Cohabitation Rates

Cohabiting couples have a higher divorce rate than non-cohabitating couples

What are some factors associated with divorce?

Cohort, premarital cohabitation, age at first marriage, circumstances of first birth, presence of children, income, race, religion, intergenerational transmission of divorce

Acts of physical violence, or putting a child in danger is what kind of child abuse?

Commissive

Parents who have lived in a community for less than two years, are not active members of their community, and who had little contact with friends and family were more likely to do what?

Commit child abuse

How is it possible that marital satisfaction goes down after having kids, but so does the chances of getting divorced?

Couples considering divorce may put off having kids. Additionally, if children are present, a couple may stay together for the benefit of the kids. Couples with children have also been married for a relatively long time, and longer marriage decreases chances of getting divorce

What is a Covenant Marriage

Couples go to premarital counseling and promise to marry for life. Enacted in order to try to lower the divorce rate.

Why did the housing crisis from 2007-2009 decrease divorce rates during those years?

Couples had less money and therefore couldn't afford to divorce.

Heterogamy

Couples who are different on social variables

Homogamy

Couples who are similar on social variables

A large number of the abused elderly suffer from what?

Dementia

What diseases increase the risk of elder abuse?

Dementia and Alzheimers

What does inadequacy mean? (in terms of partner violence)

Dictionary definition: Lacking in quality or quantity Partner Violence Definition: Men who are less intelligent, successful, and lower in status compared to their wives

The poorest of the poor, and the most neglected of the poor have stronger ties between what?

Disadvantage and violence

Marriages between younger people have a heightened probability of what?

Divorce

What is intergenerational transmission of divorce

Divorce being passed down in a family

What are some things that women face during divorce?

Divorces usually initiated by women, and women also benefit less from divorce than men

Marital satisfaction goes (up/down) after having a child

Down

The murder rate is directly correlated with what?

Easy availability of guns

What combination leads to higher rates of violent crime in the United States?

Economic inequality combined with racial or ethnic discrimination

Why does men's unemployment put their partners at greater risk for abuse?

Economic strain on the family, pressure on men who think they should be the primary provider

Shared living situations and social isolation are both risk factors for what?

Elder Abuse

Dementia or Alzheimers creates an increased risk for what?

Elder abuse

Having a poor social network increases the likelihood of what?

Elder abuse

Why are so many cases of elder abuse unreported?

Elderly victims are dependent on others for financial assistance, physical care, and other kinds of support.

Sibling abuse includes what other kinds of abuse under its umbrella?

Emotional, Physical, and Sexual

What kinds of social customs encourage violence?

Encouraged male masculinity from an early age creates boys normalizing violence from a very young age.

What is the most common trait associated with abusive treatment?

Excessive alcohol use

True or False: Most people who grow up in violent homes become violent adults because of it

False

True or false: The US divorce rate is higher than it has ever been in history

False

True or False: Other family members, such as children, are known to report familial abuse if they observe it happening.

False much abuse goes unreported

True or false: If a woman goes to a doctor and has visible wounds, the doctors are required to ask for details about where the wounds came from.

False, many doctors don't ask enough questions, or don't ask any questions at all

True or false: Abused women usually get out of their situations in a very quick manner.

False, many women stay in the situation for a long time

True or False: The family model (SNAF) has always normalized equal power between the parents and the children below them, and still carries this same distribution of power today.

False. Usually, the male parent has a majority of power in the family model, and it has always been this way.

Who is most likely to commit elder abuse?

Family members

What are some reasons that women decide to stay in abusive relationships?

Fear for herself and/or her children, belief that their husband will change, unwillingness to give up on the relationship, self blame, economic dependency

What are some reasons a woman would stay in an abusive relationship?

Fear, hope and love, self-blame, economic dependency

Victims of incest are usually what gender and what age?

Females age 12 or younger

The poor and near-poor receive (more/fewer) government benefits.

Fewer

1/5 marriages end in divorce/separation within how long?

First 5 years

Compared to 1980, divorce rates due to challenging gender roles have gone down. Why could this be?

Gender roles in current society are not as set in stone as they were in 1980. The male and female gender roles are becoming increasingly blurrier and more crossed over. This would explain how this factor is not becoming as much of a factor of divorce.

What is Intimate Terrorism with power and control?

Gendered violence such that men perpetuate violence to maintain absolute control over their female partners. The violence escalates until the man has completely subdued the female partner.

54% of perpetrators are women. 45% of perpetrators are men. What is this statistic?

Genders most likely to commit child abuse.

Having over 4 children results in a (greater/smaller) chance of divorce

Greater

Name some factors that play into institutionally sanctioned violence?

Gun laws, corporal punishment, aggressive sports in schools, religion

Women of color have higher rates of what, and heightened susceptibility to what?

Higher rates of poverty, and heightened susceptibility to abuse

What kinds of discrimination do lesbians of color deal with?

Homophobia, sexism, racism

What is meant by the phrase "acknowledge their abuse" in terms of homosexual couples?

Homosexuals are less likely to "acknowledge" their abuse. Meaning that if a homosexual person is in an abusive relationship, but is not yet openly homosexual, they will not want to share that they are being abused because they don't want anyone to know that they are homosexual. Saying "my boyfriend is abusive" will out them by default.

About half of all men and about half of all women in the US have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner. How could this look in an intimate relationship?

Humiliation, put-downs, punishing with anger, trying to convince victim that they're crazy and wrong

What is micro suffering?

Institutions such as families that suffer due to social norms of violence embedded in society.

What is corporal punishment?

Intentional use of physical force as a method of changing behavior

A man and a woman in a heterosexual relationship have been together for 5 years. One day, the woman tells her partner that she wants to have a child. The man gets very angry and violently tells the woman that neither of them are ready for a child and that he wouldn't even entertain the idea or hear her out. A few months later, the woman's tells her partner that she is interested in moving. Again, her parner lashes out and tells her that he wouldn't even entertain the idea. He then takes her house key and throws in into a dumpster. He justifies this by saying "you obviously can't be trusted to make logical decisions in our relationship." What kind of Partner Violence is this?

Intimate Terrorism

A man and a woman in a heterosexual relationship have been married for 10 years. At the beginning of their marriage, the man was very kind and friendly to his wife's family. During their first 5 years of marriage, both of them were employed. Recently, the wife lost her job. The husband became very angry at her when this happened and he constantly told her that she was "irresponsible" and that "she couldn't be trusted to do anything the right way". After this, the husband threatened the wife if she tried to get another job. He insisted that she stayed at home unless given permission to leave by him. He also took her cell phone from her, saying that her family would only encourage her to get another job. The husband changed the locks on the doors, sold her car, and installed cameras in the house so he could always keep a close eye on his wife. What kind of abuse is this?

Intimate Terrorism (power / control)

What is the difference between Intimate Terrorism, and Intimate Terrorism (w/ power and control)?

Intimate Terrorism has to do with controlling the RELATIONSHIP, while Power/Control has to do with controlling the female partner.

What are the three types of Partner Violence?

Intimate Terrorism, Situational Couple Violence, Intimate Terrorism (power and control)

What is situational couple violence?

Intimate partner violence that occurs when specific conflict situations escalate to violence.

What is the Power and Control Wheel?

It displays different tactics and patterns of abuse through nonviolent tactics

Premarital pregnancy is a common reason for early marriages. What else is true about premarital pregnancy?

It increases chances of divorce

Were covenant marriages thought to be positive or negative for the divorce rate?

It was probably negative overall for the divorce rate. It made people more hesitant to marry, and declined marital quality for those who did marry.

What do we know about the data on partner, child, and elder abuse, and incest?

It's unreliable because these all take place in private, victims lie about their abuse exposure, and physicians want to respect privacy

Why does lower income result in more likelihood of divorce?

Lack of resources creates stress on the relationship

What are some possible cognitive/educational outcomes of children who suffer from abuse?

Language deficits, reduced cognitive functioning, attention deficit disorders, doing poorly in school, repeating the same grade

Latinos face the same economic disadvantages as blacks, but their divorce rate is much lower. Why?

Latinos have strong family ties, and many are catholic, which prohibits divorce.

Males in what lines of work are more prone towards spousal abuse? Why do you think this is?

Law Enforcement, Military Masculinity is already ingrained very heavily into society, and this type of work creates an even bigger masculinity/male superiority complex, resulting in a greater likelihood of abuse.

What group is least likely to acknowledge their abuse?

Lesbians of color. Due to being already oppressed by sexism, racism, outing themselves as gay will open them up to homophobia in society as well, making them the least likely to open up about their abuse.

Couples with children are (more/less) likely to divorce?

Less

Arab americans have a very high intermarriage rate. 80% of Arab Americans have non-arab spouses. Are these marriages more or less likely to work out?

Less likely because it is an interracial marriage. Although, Arab American couples do have more hurdles than other relationship types.

Many elders being isolated to their homes results in what?

Less reported cases of elder abuse

Premarital pregnancy creates resentment between spouses for what reason?

Limited possibilities for education, income, search for potential spouses

A heterosexual couple with two kids, both boys, live near an area in south Chicago that is in between the gang territories. The mother recently just got a promotion at work, although the father had lost his job about a month prior. During his time of unemployment, he got very depressed and began drinking in heavy amounts every day. The father recently got a new job washing dishes at a local restaurant. One of their children is 18 years old and is trying to get into the police academy, and the other child, 9 years old, tends to hang out with girls more than boys. The younger child also tells his family about "all of his girlfriends" at school very frequently. What can we determine about the likelihood of violence/abuse in this situation?

Living in south Chicago around a bunch of gangs indicates a family living in poverty, so right away the chances of abuse go up. The mother receiving a promotion and the father losing his job / having a stint of heavy drinking also creates greater likelihood of intimate partner abuse, due to a masculinity complex. Even with a new job, the father is still making less than the recently promoted mother, and will likely have feelings of inadequacy. The older child who is training to become a police officer will also be at a greater likelihood of committing abuse, due to that line of work being more about power and assertiveness than other lines of work. Assuming there has been or will be a presence of abuse/violence in the household, the children will both be at greater risk of committing the acts themselves. The younger child especially will have been exposed to violence at a younger age and is already displaying a masculinity complex with his many "girlfriends", making him much more likely to commit abuse/violence.

What are some ways that men are worse off after getting divorced?

Loneliness, don't get to see their children as often because wife usually has custody, dating is difficult for some men

Spousal violence is more likely to occur in (low/high) income families.

Low

What kind of dominance among families has been historically and still apparent in society?

Male dominance / Masculinity

If a male is unemployed, what does this tell us about the likelihood of abuse in the relationship and why?

Male unemployment leads to a greater chance of abuse because it creates more economic strain on the family, and males often see themselves as the head of the household, meaning that there is more pressure along with that economic strain.

Name the variables associated with wife beating`

Male unemployment, illicit drug use at least once a year, spouses have different religious backgrounds, cohabitation instead of marriage, (if employed) male having a blue-collar occupation, male is between 18 and 30 y/o, violence towards children in the home, income below the poverty line, male saw father hit mother

Intimate terrorism is exclusively perpetuated by who?q

Males

Typically, what gender commits incest?

Males

Abused partners in same-sex relationships are less likely to acknowledge their abuse. Why?

Many homosexuals are not ready to, or do not want to come out of the closet. Acknowledgement of their abuse would require them to do that, and if they are not ready to come out, they will have to hide their abuse from their same-sex partner.

How does religion promote violence in society?

Many people refer to biblical verses concerning discipline of their children to justify corporal punishment

Are men or women more likely to be elder abusers?

Men

Why is it more difficult to identify an abusive partner in same sex relationships?

Men are more likely to commit abuse than women. When both partners are the same gender, the observed likelihood of abuse based on gender goes out the window.

What role does inadequacy of a male partner play in intimate partner violence?

Men are societally put into positions of superiority and power. When this is being undermined by a woman, namely a partner, the feelings of inadequacy in men could cause them to lash out, physically or verbally, at their partner.

Perpetrators of child abuse, spousal abuse, and incest do not all suffer from what?

Mental illnesses/psychosis

Macrosocial forces result in .....

Micro suffering

Can women leaving an abusive relationship put them in more or less danger?

More

Interreligious couples are (more/less) likely to divorce

More

What are some ways men are better off than women after getting divorced?

More financial freedom, more personal freedom, children likely living with mother so they are free from constraints of marriage and childcare, more options for future partners/spouses.

Boys are encouraged to not back down when challenged. This social custom has resulted in what?

More normalization of violence among men in society.

Name a reason why a lower class woman being abused may have to stay in that relationship.

More reliant on partner due to low SES, fewer abuse response resources available

Is the united states more tolerant of or ignorant to extreme deprivation

More tolerant

AfNa MLa WAs is an acronym for what

Most commonly abused ethnicities of children African American, Native American, Multiracial, Latino, White, Asian American

In context of child abuse, what is lack of social support?

Most violent parents have lived in a community for less than 2 years, are not active members of their communities, and have little contact with their friends and family.

What ethnic group is at highest risk of being victims of different forms of abuse and stalking?

Multiracial women

What are the four categories of child abuse?

Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse

What is a major issue with getting pregnant or having a baby before marriage?

Newlyweds feel trapped with few choices

What are some reasons that hetero relationship violence against women is hard to determine?

No witnesses besides family members, medical professionals assisting battered women don't ask about wounds, Victims are afraid to tell the truth, institutions are seen as unresponsive (police, courts, etc.)

What kinds of parenting skills do abused children learn?

None

Do police respond effectively to same-sex couple abuse instances?

Not usually

1st generation latinos, and muslims were more likely to divorce than the later generations. Why?

Older generation immigrants tend to be more traditional and that they were in a new place together. Later generation immigrants are more financially dependent and educated, causing them to divorce more

What is meant by "acts of omission and commission that place children at risk"?

Omission refers to not giving the child something they need, such as enough food, water, etc. Commission refers to bringing something around a child that could be potentially harmful to them, such as drugs, alcohol, weapons, etc.

A parent is not feeding their child. What kind of child abuse is this?

Omissive

What is the difference between omissive and commissive child abuse?

Omissive - neglecting the child of a necessity Commissive - putting the child in danger

What are some hurdles that Arab American couples face?

One partner being more religious and traditional than the other, Wives working outside of the home, wives getting educated, when new wives have issues adjusting to the presence of an ex-wife, transnational marriages

Divorce rates move in tandem with the national divorce rate. For example, as the national divorce rate goes up, so will the divorce rates for protestants and catholics. What does this information tell us about divorce rates for different demographics?

Other social factors influence divorce

How many children die from child abuse each year?

Over 1700

What is the most common incestual relationship?

Parent or Stepparent and Child

Why does less social involvement relate to greater likelihood of child abuse?

Parents are less likely to conform to societal norms and continue their violent behavior if they are not active members of their communities.

Is domestic violence usually an isolated incident or a pattern?

Pattern

How is sibling abuse distinguished from common sibling rivalries?

Patterns of repeated hurtful behavior, the roles of victim and perpetrator carry over time, Intent to harm, behavior from abuser reflects a negative attitude from the victim, behavior is inappropriate for the development level of the abuser

Women worry about child care payments doing what if they were to leave their husband?

Payments defaulting

Why has elder abuse become a bigger problem in more recent years?

People are living longer and the number of elderly is increasing

What is intimate terrorism?

Perpetuated exclusively by men, intimate terrorism is an attempt to dominate their partner and exert complete control over their relationship.

Antisocial behavior and physical aggression are possible outcomes for children who suffered from what kind of abuse?

Physical Abuse

What are the 4 main types of Intimate Partner Violence?

Physical Violence, Sexual Violence, Threats of Physical or Sexual Violence, Psychological/Emotional Violence.

What are the 6 types of elder maltreatment according to the CDC?

Physical, Sexual, Emotional, Neglect, Abandonment, Financial

Sibling abuse is most likely to occur in families where parents do what?

Physically abuse their children

In a study, white women were more likely to rely on what than black women?

Police assistance

What is the best predictor of child abuse/neglect?

Poverty

Transnational and interracial marriages are more likely to divorce, but what is an acception?

Race and gender differences made the chances of divorce vary. For example, an Asian male and a White female were more likely to divorce than an Asian Female and a White Male.

What genre of music most promotes violence in society?

Rap / Hip-Hop

What group of women are less likely to acknowledge their abuse and reach out for support?

Recently immigrated women

Why are police and military more likely to commit abuse than those in other occupations?

Recruitment of aggressive and controlling personalities, high stress results in intemperate actions, those recruited are socialized to solve problems using physical aggression

Divorced people tend to do what?

Remarry

Premarital pregnancy and early marriage foster what kinds of feelings as the relationship progresses?

Resentment and dissolution of the relationship

What are some negative outcomes of sexual child abuse?

STD's, mental trauma

What are some differences between patterns of violence is same-sex couples versus those of heterosexual couples?

Same-sex couples don't have a partner more prone to violence by way of gender. Same sex couples can threaten to "out" their partner, a unique form of control that same-sex couples have. Abused partners in same-sex relationships are less likely to acknowledge their abuse.

Is the divorce rate higher for first or second marriages?

Second

A central feature of pornography is the conflation of what?

Sex and violence

Parents who physically abuse their children create a greater likelihood for what other kind of abuse?

Sibling abuse

What is the most common form of family abuse in the US?

Sibling abuse

A heterosexual couple has had many arguments about money. The woman believes that the man needs to find a higher paying job, and the man believes that his current job is adequate because he can move up and eventually make more money. These arguments have been going on for over a year and finally the man lashes out and hits his wife. What kind of partner violence is this?

Situational couple violence

Having 4 children or less creates a (greater/smaller) chance of divorce

Smaller

Do social class or racial patterns have a greater influence on violence?

Social Class

What is a macrosocial force?

Social institutions that support different kinds of violence which then influence micro institutions such as families. The forces include laws, the media, an unequal economy, institutional discrimination, and a dominant patriarchy.

Why does less communication with friends and family lead to a greater chance of committing child abuse?

Social isolation cuts them off from any possible sources of help to deal with stress, economic adversity, etc.

Families reflect the _____________ in which they are embedded.

Society

Families reflect...

Society

In a study of women with abusive partners, they were asked about the most stressful thing that they were dealing with at the time. More than half of the women identified what as their problem?

Something unrelated to their abuse such as medical issues, financial concerns, etc.

Economic hardship, traditional male gender roles, presence of emotional abuse, feelings of inadequacy from the husband, and husbands having a history of abuse all increase the risk of what?

Spousal abuse

What are the relationships for 90% of incest cases?

Stepfather/Stepdaughter Father/Daughter Grandfather/Granddaughter

What are some reasons that the violence (murder/rape) rates in the US are so much higher than our industrialized country counterparts?

Structured Economic Inequality, reduced government services, extreme deprivation, racial discrimination

Why is child abuse underreported?

Subjective reporting by teachers, police, social workers, etc. will always erring on the side of the child, meaning that there is a margin of error. Adding to that error, Those reporting child abuse will likely view children differently based on social class. Middle and lower class children will be more quickly assumed to be victims of child abuse rather than upper class children.

What is a common trait among abusive parents?

Substance abuse

What are the implications of music on violence in society?

The celebration of violence against women and promotion of hatred towards legal authority

An impoverished, unmarried, heterosexual man who is cohabitating with his girlfriend becomes unemployed. His girlfriend has not had a job in 2 years and is newly pregnant. What happens to the chances of abuse?

The chances of abuse are already high due to the impoverished status of the household. Once the man becomes unemployed, the chances of abuse go up due to feelings of failure being unable to provide for his household. The pregnant, unemployed girlfriend is also at greater risk of being abused and having to stay in the abusive relationship. The dependence of the woman on the man in this situation is very high, due to her being pregnant and not working; therefore being financially dependent on the single household income, which is now gone.

What is child neglect?

The failure to provide for the child's basic needs

A heterosexual couple moved to New York City with their 4 year old son. The father goes off to work as a hedge fund manager every day, and the mother stays at home with the son. The lack of the her husband being around for help with basic things began to frustrate the wife. She has not had a lot of time to talk to her family and friends since moving, and taking care of their child virtually 24 hours a day was beginning to take a toll on the her. What can we determine from this situation?

The family is upper class if they are living in NYC and the father is a hedge fund manager. The mother staying at home with the son and caring for him constantly, as well as the absence of the father has taken a toll on her. Recently moving, and no time to communicate with family and friends will be an increased risk factor of child abuse presence. Mothers are more likely than fathers to commit child abuse, so the mother being stressed, and around the child more often than the father puts the child at higher risk for abuse as well. Upper class families are also an underrepresented group in the data for child abuse, so if child abuse were to occur, it will more likely go unreported.

How long has the divorce rate been declining?

The last 30 years

Domestic violence was five times higher in what occupation?

The military

Easy availability of guns is directly correlated with what?

The murder rate

Going from 1st to 2nd generation muslims, the divorce rate rose from 2% to 35%. Why?

The newer generations are less traditional, and have higher income and education levels.

MuNAfLaWAs is an acronym for what

The order of the most likely ethnic groups to be victims of abuse. (women) Multiracial, Native American, African American, Latina, White, Asian American

Why do government agencies (ie. police, courts) often try to avoid intervention when dealing with familial violence cases?

The privacy of the family/marriage is prioritized and is the commonly held assumption

In both heterosexual and homosexual relationships, what are the common patterns of violence?

The rate is the same, and the violence tends to center around power and control

Describe the rates of sexual and physical abuse in same-sex relationships as compared to those of heterosexual relationships.

The rates are similar.

Chances of divorce for engaged cohabitating couples were (same/different) as couples who were divorcing but didn't cohabitate before marriage.

The same

Why is it difficult to separate race/ethnicity from social class when examining child abuse?

The separation between race and social class in terms of child abuse is hard to determine. Poverty is the #1 predictor of child abuse, and poverty also causes more stress on families. In connection to this, black families tend to tend to have a hasher norm of discipline than other ethnic groups. This in combination with the stress of poverty means that the "norm" of discipline for a black family could escalate faster to the point of child abuse. Another reason could be that the high victimization of colored children is because of the high rates of child abuse among poor people combined with the overrepresentation of colored people living in poverty.

Intergenerational marriage can not only be passed down from parent to child, but can also be passed down from grandparents to grandchildren. What does this tell us about a child who has divorced parents and grandparents?

The slippery slope gets much more slippery

Families reflect what?

The societies in which they are embedded

Elders are most likely to be abused by who?

Their children

What are some potential threats of women leaving an abusive relationship?

Their partner stalking, threatening, or abusing them further.

What is the equivalent to the term "battered wife" for gay and lesbian couples?

There isnt one

When a child is playing a first person shooter video game, not only are they witnessing acts of violence/murder, but...

They BECOME the perpetrator of the violence

What often happens with restraining orders filed by an abused partner?

They are not honored

How much more likely are minorities to be violent than non minorities?

They're not more likely

Why do abused women tend to not tell the truth about their abuse?

To protect their partner, fear of being retaliated against, shame

Why is child abuse more hidden among affluent/wealthy families?

Trained personnel are more likely to label a victim of child abuse as a poor child with a black eye rather than a rich child with a black eye. Authorities don't often see events of abuse among any social class, making all of the data on child abuse underreported.

True or False: Video games are used by the military to teach soldiers how to kill

True

True or false: Children's nursery rhymes are symbolic of violence

True

True or false: Even in the face of abuse, many women love their partner and imagine if the abuse stopped, that the relationship would be ok.

True

True or false: Retention of media violence is correlated with depression?

True

True or false: Retention of media violence is correlated with sleep issues such as nightmares?

True

White male/non-white female couples have lower divorce rates

True

True or false: Real world violence cannot be directly blamed on the media.

True, but media violence is definitely significant

What is the relationship between unemployment and child abuse?

Unemployment leads to poverty, which is already the best predictor of child abuse. This could then lead to depression, and low self-esteem. Also, being unemployed means that you're home and interacting with the child more often.

5/6 cases of elder abuse are...?

Unreported

How has the united states glorified and manifested in violence?

Video games, movies, pop culture, media, etc.

What is the primary theme for many video games?

Violence

What is institutionally sanctioned violence?

Violence being promotes in multiple facets of society as a whole

A violent society results in what?

Violence in families

Many lesbians experiencing intimate partner violence aren't even aware or believe that they are in an abusive relationship. Why?

With notions such as "girls don't hit girls" or "women aren't violent" results in lesbians not being able to identify partner abuse at all.

Child abuse is more commonly committed by who?

Women

Do men or women suffer more from divorce?

Women

Elderly women are more likely to be _____________ and elderly men are more likely to be _______________.

Women more likely to be abused Men more likely to be abandoned

Women who have higher income, and/or a higher level of education are more likely to divorce than men in the same position. Why?

Women who are more financially dependent are more able to leave an unhappy marriage because they're not relying on a man for their income

How can you tell the extent of child abuse from a research standpoint?

You can't due to there not being a uniformly used definition of child abuse

Future divorce rates are expected to continue declining or level out. What are some reasons for this?

Young adults are marrying 5 years later than the same age demographic in 1980. Marrying older means a greater chance of not getting divorced.

dwelling house

a house in which the occupier and family usually reside, including all outbuildings within the curtilage

Pedophilia

abnormal sexual desire in adults for children

In how many states is corporal punishment legal in?

all 50

Though there is a greater likelihood, adults who grew up in a violent home (do/do not) become violent adults

do not

4/10 police families experience what?

domestic violence

There is an increased chance of impoverished people to commit abuse. Why?

fewer responses available compared to a higher SES, inadequate resources due to lack of money result in the victim having to stay with the abusive partner

What factors make sibling abuse more likely?

inadequate supervision, parental marital problems, familial financial problems, parental substance abuse, parental mental disorder, negative self image of the abuser

Families with children under 3y/o are (more/less) likely to divorce

less

Families with children over 13y/o are (more/less) likely to divorce

more

Society is (more/less) accepting of divorce now than in the past

more

downward social mobility

movement down the social class ladder

What are cohort?

people born in the same time frame and are thus subject to similar social factors as they move through life

What is intimate partner violence?

physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner/spouse

Family violence has only been studied since when?

the 1970s

Family organization in US society encourages conflict. Why?

unequal distribution of power, patterns of male dominance, intensity of interaction, privacy

Pronatalism

widespread belief that a woman's primary means of fulfillment is motherhood