Faults, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes

What type of lava cools quickly and forms rock with jagged edges? a. Aa b. Magma c. Pahoehoe d. Pillow Lava

a. Aa

What is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake? a. Aftershock b. Liquefaction c. Seismic Gap d. Tsunami

a. Aftershock

What do you call a large crater formed by the collapse of a volcano? a. Caldera b. Cinder Cone c. Composite Volcano d. Shield Volcano

a. Caldera

What is another term for P Wave? a. Compression Wave b. Principal Wave c. Shear Wave d. Secondary Wave

a. Compression Wave

What are seismic waves? a. Energy released by an earthquake in waves or vibrations b. The point beneath Earth's surface at which rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake c. The point on the surface directly above the point at which an earthquake occurs d. The strength of an earthquake

a. Energy released by an earthquake in waves or vibrations

Where is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake? a. Epicenter b. Fault c. Hypocenter d. Tremor

a. Epicenter

Which type of wave arrives first during an earthquake? a. Primary (p-wave) waves b. Secondary (s-wave) waves c. Rayleigh Waves d. Love Waves

a. Primary (p-wave) waves

How does a reverse fault form? a. The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall. b. Compression thrusts the fault into reverse. c. Blocks slide past each other. d. The hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall.

a. The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall.

How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake? a. They measure the difference between seismic waves on three or more seismographs. The epicenter is where the circles intercept. b. They measure the difference between seismic waves on the first seismograph to receive the wave. c. They measure the largest surface wave to hit the surface. d. They add the total damage of the p wave, s wave and surface wave.

a. They measure the difference between seismic waves on three or more seismographs. The epicenter is where the circles intercept.

Rock layers undergo stress when they are squeezed at convergent boundaries. This stress is called: a. compression b. combining

a. compression

Which of these boundaries/stresses/faults all correctly go together? Choose all that apply. a. normal, divergent, tension b. reverse, convergent, shearing c. strike-slip, transform, compression

a. normal, divergent, tension

What fault has little up or down motion? a. strike-slip b. normal c. reverse

a. strike-slip

Stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle is what kind of stress? a. tension b. compression c. shearing

a. tension

Liquefaction is when... a. the soil behaves like liquid b. the ground becomes liquid c. magma rises to the surface d. buildings are damaged, crumbling like liquid

a. the soil behaves like liquid

What is the extrusive igneous rock structure that forms when the volcano erodes from wind and water and only the hardest part of the volcano remains is called? a. volcanic neck b. lava plateua c. volcano d. tuff

a. volcanic neck

How much bigger is a magnitude 8 earthquake compared to magnitude 7 one on the Richter Scale? a. 1 time bigger b. 10 times bigger c. 100 times bigger d. 1000 times bigger

b. 10 times bigger

Which type of magma has the lowest amount of silica content? a. Andesitic Magma b. Basaltic Magma c. Rhyolitic Magma d. Viscous Lava

b. Basaltic Magma

Where is the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake? a. Epicenter b. Focus c. Fault d. Plate

b. Focus

Which body wave squeezes and stretches rock materials as they pass through the Earth? a. Body Waves b. P Waves c. S Waves d. Surface Waves

b. P Waves

Which scale measures the intensity of the ground movement? a. Mercalli Scale b. Richter Scale c. Seismogram Scale d. Bernoulli Scale

b. Richter Scale

Where are most volcanoes found? a. Southern Hemisphere b. Ring of Fire c. Mid-Atlantic Ridge d. Hot Spots

b. Ring of Fire

A volcano that has steep sides and is formed from lava chunks is called a. a shield volcano b. a cinder cone volcano c. a composite volcano

b. a cinder cone volcano

Squeezing rock until it breaks is what stress? a. tension b. compression c. shearing

b. compression

What type of stress squeezes the rock until it breaks? a. tension b. compression c. shearing

b. compression

The surface along which rock break and slide past each other is called a: a. fracture b. fault c. joint

b. fault

When the hanging wall slips downward below the footwall, what kind of fault is it? a. strike-slip b. normal c. reverse

b. normal

Viscosity of Magma depends on the ____________ , amount of silica, and dissolved gases in the magma. a. Density b. temperature c. element d. compound

b. temperature

Rock layers undergo stress when they are stretched apart at divergent boundaries. This stress is called: a. tightening b. tension

b. tension

The three types of stress that leads to faults include: a. tension, compression, and normal stress b. tension, compression, and shearing stress c. deformation, tension, and shearing stress

b. tension, compression, and shearing stress

What type of volcano has steep slopes made of alternating layers of ash and silica rich lava? a. Caldera b. Cinder Cone c. Composite Volcano d. Shield Volcano

c. Composite Volcano

What is a break in the lithosphere along which movement in an earthquake has first occurred? a. Earthquake b. Epicenter c. Fault d. Focus

c. Fault

What kind of magma produces violent volcanic eruptions? a. Magma low in silica b. Magma that is fluid, and runny c. Magma that is high in gas content d. Magma rich in iron

c. Magma that is high in gas content

What is the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake? a. Earthquake b. Epicenter c. Magnitude d. Seismogram

c. Magnitude

In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph? a. S wave, P wave, Surface wave b. Surface wave, P wave and S wave c. P wave, S wave and Surface wave d. P wave, Surface wave and S wave

c. P wave, S wave and Surface wave

What type of lava cools slowly and forms rock with smooth, ropelike features? a. Aa b. Magma c. Pahoehoe d. Pillow Lava

c. Pahoehoe

Which body waves cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling? a. Body Waves b. P Waves c. S Waves d. Surface Waves

c. S Waves

What is an area along a seismically active fault where no earthquake activity has occurred over a long period of time? a. Aftershock b. Liquefaction c. Seismic Gap d. Tsunami

c. Seismic Gap

What is the principal ingredient to all types of magma? a. Iron b. Magnesium c. Silica d. Water

c. Silica

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. a. Rift Valley b. Deep-ocean trench c. Stress d. Anticline

c. Stress

Which type of seismic wave produces the most severe ground movement? a. P wave b. S wave c. Surface wave d. None of the above

c. Surface wave

What factor(s) determine(s) whether an eruption will be explosive? a. The amount of gases in the magma b. The amount of silica in the magma c. The amount of gas and silica in the magma d. None of these affect the explosiveness of the volcano

c. The amount of gas and silica in the magma

The hanging wall slides up and over the footwall is what kind of fault? a. strike-slip b. normal c. reverse

c. reverse

Which stress causes no land to be gained or lost? a. compression b. tension c. shearing

c. shearing

A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways is called: a. normal fault b. reverse fault c. strike-slip fault

c. strike-slip fault

A reverse fault would be found at what type of boundary? a. Compression b. Divergent c. Normal d. Convergent

d. Convergent

When an explosive eruption forms a mixture of hot rock, ash, and gas, this material is called a...? a. Land slide b. Lava c. Eruption trail d. Pyroclastic flow

d. Pyroclastic flow

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California a. New Madrid b. Denali Fault c. Ramapo Seismic Zone d. San Andreas

d. San Andreas

It can travel through solids only a. Love waves b. Rayleigh waves c. Primary waves d. Secondary waves

d. Secondary waves

What is an instrument that detects and records waves produced by earthquakes? (This piece of equipment can measure the magnitude of an earthquake.) a. Epicenter b. Fault c. Seismos d. Seismometer

d. Seismometer

The epicenter of an earthquake is a. The point below the surface where rock begins to break and the first motion occurs b. The seismic station closest to the earthquake c. The place where the greatest damage occurs d. The point on the surface directly above the focus

d. The point on the surface directly above the focus

What is the resistance of a liquid, such as lava, to flow? a. Elasticity b. Pyroclasticity c. Silica d. Viscosity

d. Viscosity

An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is a a. seismogram b. focus seismic map c. focus d. seismograph

d. seismograph