Psych

Santiago is a typical child in the United States. How many commercials for fast food and soft drinks will he see in an average year?

10,000

Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?

A teenager keeps his room clean because his parents appreciate it.

Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

Babbling is prelinguistic.

Which of these was the first attempt to measure intelligence?

Binet-Simon

Osku and Monika are discussing how emotions emerge. Osku insists that emotions are only felt after the patterns of body arousal begin. Monika maintains that the brain processes an event, with arousal and emotions happening simultaneously. For which theory of emotion is Monika advocating?

Cannon-Bard

According to the theories of intelligence, who can most likely solve problems to which there are no preexisting solutions and no proven formulas?

Creative People

Which of the following is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli?

Echoic Memory

Ibn is trying to memorize the color spectrum for science class. He finds it helpful to use the acronym ROYGBIV. What type of rehearsal is using an acronym an example of?

Elaborative Rehearsal

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _________.

Elaborative rehearsal

What is the first stage of information processing?

Encoding

After a long, hard-fought race, Mitchell has lost the election. They begin to look back at decisions made along the campaign trail to see where they went wrong. Which problem solving step has Mitchell taken?

Evaluating results

According to the linguistic-relativity hypothesis, language does not affect the way we perceive the world.

False

Because psychologists have engaged in thousands of studies on intelligence, they unequivocally agree on the definition of intelligence.

False

Masters and Johnson use the term sexual arousal cycle to describe the changes that occur in the body as men and women become sexually aroused.

False

The levels-of-processing model of memory holds that memories tend to wane when information is processed deeply.

False

The mathematical formula the Pythagorean theorem is an example of a systematic random search algorithm.

False

Unlike babbling, crying and cooing are inborn and prelinguistic.

False

Your memory of the alphabet or the multiplication tables is the result of a great deal of repetition that makes associations automatic, a phenomenon that psychologists refer to as retrospective memory.

False

Which of the following is true of metabolism?

Fatty tissue in the body metabolizes food more slowly than muscle tissue does.

It is September 11, 2021 and Javier is reflecting on that day. He remembers that 20 years ago he was sitting in his freshman biology class watching the footage of the World Trade Center attacks on a television set. To this day, he can vividly remember exactly where he was sitting, where the television was located, and how he felt. Javier's memory of September 11th, 2001 is an example of a(n) ___________.

Flashbulb memory

Regina was shopping for ground beef and her daughter asked why the label said the meat was 80% lean, rather than 20% fat. Regina answered that this is the result of the ________.

Framing Effect

Who was the first researcher to use nonsense syllables to study memory?

Hermann Ebbinghaus

David loves shark time on television. He knows a great deal about these predators. When his biology teacher gave a pop quiz on sharks, what gave David an advantage over his classmates?

His expertise from watching shark time.

Which of the following, along with receptors in our liver, helps regulate our hunger?

Hypothalamus

Which type of memory can hold visual stimuli for up to a second and allows for the flow of visual information to see smooth and continuous?

Iconic

How to perform different skills and actions is a component of _________.

Implicit Memory

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he completes his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) ________.

Incentive

Which of these is an object, a person, or a situation that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake?

Incentive

Polina always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Polina's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as _________.

Infantile Amnesia

Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis.

Infants display considerable intelligence before they have learned to speak.

Eric is a scam-artist who tries to make money through dishonest means. He tried to sell a fake antique Roman sculpture, but was caught when the antiques dealer noticed it was dated "246 BC." What is the dealer's sudden realization about the improper date called?

Insight

Which of these is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience?

Intelligence

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test?

It contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations.

Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech?

It is brief but grammatically correct.

Which of the following is true of Maslow's theory?

It suggests that human behavior is not just mechanical and aimed toward survival and the reduction of tension.

"Stranger Anxiety" is a concept connected to attachment that was theorized by whom?

John Bowlby

Rats tend to eat excessively when a specific part of the brain is surgically destroyed. Which part is it?

Lateral Hypothalamus

Which one of the following is essentially the same as the saying, "If it isn't broken, don't fix it?"

Mental Set

A measure of retention in which the difference between the number of repetitions originally required to learn a list and the number of repetitions required to relearn the list after a certain amount of time has elapsed is calculated is called ______________________.

Method of Savings

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

Mina witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.

Which of these might explain how conspiracy theories seem to spread so easily?

Motivated reasoning

Susan, an astronomer, studies the nature of stars and has contributed significantly to the understanding of the laws that govern their behavior. In this scenario, Susan is exhibiting ________.

Naturalist Intelligence

Stacey, a kindergarten teacher, is teaching her students about mammals. She tells the students that fishes and birds are not mammals. In this scenario, what aspect of the mammal concept is Stacey using?

Negative instances

According to Sarwer and Grilo, concerning obesity, which of the following statements is accurate?

Obesity increases the risk of high cholesterol levels, stroke, heart disease and some cancers.

Which of the following statements is true of proactive interference?

Older learning interferes with new learning only if the new material shares similarity with the old material.

Diego is 75-years-old and his grandchildren have noticed that he uses a lot of salt and pepper on his dinners lately. What is a likely explanation for this?

Our sense of smell declines in late adulthood.

Deion is in high school and he is in the orchestra. He practices playing his violin daily. As he spends all those hours practicing, his brain is physically changing. What is happening to it?

Parts of his cerebral cortex are thickening.

Nathan is teaching his son about dogs. He points to a dog in the neighborhood while saying the word "dog." In this scenario, which aspect of the dog concept is Nathan using?

Positive Instances

Consciousness and awareness are said to come from which region of the brain?

Prefrontal Cortex

Monte just realized it is nearing the end of the month. He reminds himself to pay the rent tomorrow before noon. What type of memory is Monte utilizing?

Prospective memory

Which of the following is true of psychological needs?

Psychological needs differ markedly from one person to another.

Darby was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as _________.

Savings

Channing walked into a Moroccan restaurant and was surprised that he did not see any utensils (i.e., fork, knife, & spoon). Their surprise stems from the fact that he had never eaten without utensils before. This is an example of a(n) __________.

Schema

Caleb is learning potty training. He now knows the word potty can refer to the bathroom, the toilet itself, and the act of using the toilet. Caleb has learned what aspect of language?

Semanticity

In the context of long-term memory, which of the following statements is true of flashbulb memory?

Stimuli that stand out are preserved in detail in a person's long-term memory.

Identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence.

Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to academic achievement.

If a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories, it is likely that which part of their brain has been damaged?

Thalamus

Which of the following tests is an example of an objective personality test?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

In the context of hunger, which of the following statements is true of the blood sugar level?

The drop in blood sugar is communicated to the hypothalamus.

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality.

In the context of the theories of intelligence, which of the following statements is true of creative people?

They appreciate art and music

In the context of perceptual development, which of the following is true of newborns?

They are nearsighted when they are born.

Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?

They can hear well when they are born.

Which of the following statements is true of concepts?

They can represent visions of things that never were measured.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?

They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.

Which one of the following refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world?

Thinking

Men produce seven to ten times the testosterone produced by women.

True

Money, food, a sexually attractive person, social approval, and attention are all examples of incentives.

True

Physical exercise, like jogging, can improve memory.

True

Physical needs give rise to drives like hunger and thirst.

True

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves, such as in response to a fight-or-flight response, is known as the sympathetic nervous system.

True

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, repression is when memories are pushed into the _______________.

Unconscious

Identify a true statement about heuristics.

Unlike algorithms, they permit rapid decisions.

Which of the following is true about the storage of information in long-term memory?

We tend to organize information according to a hierarchical structure.

Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?

We work to bring about the events we believe in.

The Electra complex involves __________.

a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother

Which of the following is the effect of high testosterone in adults?

activating effects

Which of these is a mechanism that would help preserve life in times of famine?

adaptive thermogenesis

According to psychodynamic theory, people who are careless and messy might be considered to be (or have an) ________.

anal expulsive

Olisa is obsessed with the cleanliness of her room. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, she is fixated at the __________.

anal stage

Alejandro is playing the sequel to his favorite fast blue hedgehog game when he encounters a familiar villain. If Alejandro uses a similar solution to finish the level, which problem-solving method has he used?

analogy

A preschool teacher accidentally steps on a pencil that is laying on the classroom floor and it breaks in half. A student gasps and says, "That poor pencil! I bet that hurt him." The student is displaying which of Piaget's concepts?

animism

Asta was in a severe car accident. As a result of her injuries, she can no longer encode the memories of events that have occurred since the accident. This is an example of _________.

anterograde amnesia

If every door in the store swings both ways, a young child might believe all doors work this way. When the child encounters a door that does not work this way, she assumes that it must not be a door. This method of explaining doors according to the child's existing schema is called __________.

assimilation

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of accommodation and _____________.

assimilation

According to the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers, he defines this as the center of experience:

the self

Jordan does not identify with the sex they were assigned at birth. Which term would be used for Jordan in this case?

transgender

It's normal for adolescents to see themselves as the center of attention and assume that other people are also preoccupied with their appearance and behavior. This is termed an imaginary audience.

true

People are at the height of their cognitive powers during early adulthood.

true

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of an objective test present respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire.

true

The beginning of menstruation, or menarche, usually occurs between 11 and 14.

true

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers focused on the self-concept and self-esteem, or self-regard.

true

The term Rogers used to describe when someone accepts something based on their intrinsic merit regardless of what they have done is ________________.

unconditional positive regard

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, which part of the mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression?

unconscious

People are always telling Shannon that she has a mean-streak in her, yet she has never noticed it. According to the psychodynamic perspective, her aggression most likely lies in her___________.

unconscious

Which type of parent generally leaves their children to themselves?

uninvolved parents

Which term refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure?

validity

Dr. Bammo was experimenting with gamma rays and accidentally damaged his brain and rendered one part of it non-functional. He now finds himself eating constantly, even though he's not actually hungry. What part of his brain is most likely damaged?

ventromedial nucleus (VMN)

What reflex in newborns help them to avoid painful stimuli?

withdrawal reflex

The situation in which a child carries out tasks with the help of someone who is more skilled, frequently an adult who represents the culture in which the child develops, is called __________________.

zone of proximal development

Acquiring knowledge by observing others refers to which type of learning?

cognitive learning

Masha, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Masha's math teacher, shares with Masha a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using what concept to help the child?

cognitive scaffolding

When asked "I am . . .," which group of people are more likely to respond in terms of their families, gender, or nation ("I am a father," "I am a Buddhist," "I am Japanese") (Triandis, 2001)?

collectivists

Ebony had just graduated college and started her career as an accountant. She realized after a couple of months that she really did not enjoy her career choice but felt conflicted because that is all that her parents, who were both accountants, ever wanted for her to become. Which of the following terms does this apply to?

conditional positive regard

Misu attains high grades in her college courses and is always very organized with her materials and time. Using the Big Five Model of personality, on which trait would Misu likely score high?

conscientiousness

When Aafreen was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) __________.

context-dependent memory

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's against the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning?

conventional

Kyrone works at a daycare center in the toddler room. It is snack time and he decides to have some graham crackers with the kids. He gives them each one piece and takes two for himself. One of the children states it isn't fair he has more. He goes around and breaks their one piece into two. The child is appeased because "now everyone has two" even though they still don't have as much food as Kyrone. This exemplifies the lack of understanding of ________.

conversation

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _________.

crystallized intelligence

Ramona has sex with her husband because she feels it is part of her role as his wife, even though she is not particularly interested in such activities. Which motive for having sex is Ramona using?

duty

Jordan and Quinn have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Quinn is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do her free time. This scenario best illustrates the ______________.

empty-nest syndrome

Maxim and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Maxim her telephone number at a party, but Maxim is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Freya. Maxim and Rose remember the event differently due to having differing _______________.

episodic memories

Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in women?

estrogen

Freud was one of the first to suggest psychological disorders stem from psychological problems during a time when most people associated psychological disorders with ________________.

evil spirits

Which of the following is the sequence of phases for the sexual response cycle?

excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution

Sam is-15-years old. He does not have any clue about what he wants to pursue as a career. Moreover, in the past two years, he has taken up more than five hobbies. According to Erik Erikson, Sam is __________.

experiencing role diffusion

Which of these is the correct sequence according to the James-Lange theory of emotion?

external stimulus - arousal and action - appraisal - emotion

What mathematical technique, developed my Charles Spearman, is used to determine which traits are basic to others?

factor analysis

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified three major types of attachment: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambiguous/resistant attachment.

false

Environmental factors play little to no role in the development of a child. Everyone is preprogrammed with a genetic code for how their development will occur throughout childhood.

false

Karen Horney believed Freud placed too much emphasis on sex; spoke of psychosocial development, not psychosexual development; labeled stages of development according to traits, not erogenous zones; and argued that ego identity, not genital sexuality, was the key goal of adolescence.

false

Most parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome when their youngest child leaves home.

false

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.

false

The behaviorists Watson and Skinner emphasized the notions of personal freedom, choice, and self-direction.

false

Trait theory focuses on reasons that people develop traits while psychoanalytic theory focuses on describing and categorizing the traits.

false

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's ___________.

fixation time

Kho noticed a small nail sticking up from the floorboards in the kitchen. They used a small pliers to gently tap the nail down because no hammer was nearby. What did Kho overcome to use the pliers in this manner?

functional fixedness

Leila's young son has accidentally locked himself in his room. Leila is trying to figure out how to unlock the door. Unfortunately, she doesn't realize that her butter knife could be used to unlock the door. This illustrates ________.

functional fixedness

Lena is a mother of two. She has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives from the time her first child was born. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as the society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is demonstrating ________.

generativity

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage

Alex and Sean had been dating for a while before they had sex with each other for the first time. They agreed that it was time to take their relationship to the next level. Which type of motivation is displayed in this scenario?

goal attainment

Research on acculturation shows that people who do not fully surrender their traditional backgrounds:

have higher self-esteem than those who do.

A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) ________.

heuristic

What kind of visual stimuli do two-month-olds have the largest preference for?

human faces

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is NOT something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

humanistic theorists

In a sudden accident, Stan's hypothalamus is damaged, causing him to eat excessively, a condition known as ________.

hyperphagia

According to Freud, which part of the psyche represents biological drives and is entirely unconscious?

id

Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called __________.

imprinting

Which group of people tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals?

individualists

Jamaal is taking a coding class at his grade school. He is really excited about his ability to make small little applications for his computer. Jamaal is most likely in Erikson's stage of __________.

industry vs. inferiority

Motives are ________.

inferred from behavior

Bill thinks his wife is losing interest in him because he has put on a few pounds. He asks her for sex more often in order to feel more attractive. What type of factor is Bill's motivation for sex based on?

insecurity

Pavel loves to play the violin. He feels best when he has played to the best of his ability. What kind of incentive makes Pavel practice so he can do his best?

intrinsic

Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) ________.

intrinsic goal

What is the name of the concept that infants are born with the innate ability to learn language?

language acquisition device

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, what must be developed immediately prior to esteem needs?

love and belongingness

During the phallic stage of development, Freud claimed that parent-child conflict develops over_______________.

masturbation.

Vinvac Inc. was established three years ago. Kevin and Raj, co-owners of Vinvac Inc., had set a five-year goal for the company when they established it. Presently, they are assessing the difference between the company's current situation and the goals they had set so that they can work toward minimizing the difference. In this scenario, Kevin and Raj are using a technique called ________.

means-end analysis

Brown and McNeill's experiment on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon revealed that:

memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues.

The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study found that which one of the following were more similar than fraternal twins in spatial memory, ability to categorize things, and word comprehension?

monozygotic twins

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that over generations, gender differences were fashioned by the need to adapt and are a result of the process of ________________.

natural selection

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli

Meaningless sets of two consonants with a vowel sandwiched in between that are used to study memory are known as _____________.

nonsense syllables

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body?

parasympathetic nervous system

Mariana, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this and forbid her from meeting the boy. Mariana fights with her parents because she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the ___________.

personal fable

Which of the following is the second phase of the sexual response cycle?

plateau phase

There is a positive correlation between:

positive self-efficacy & high self-esteem.

Andre realized right away that something was different about the store he walked into so many times before. He heard the cashier trying to get out of the cooler, and let him out. What type of intelligence did Andre use in this scenario?

practical

Hazel helps feed the dogs in the morning because she knows her mom will give her a little treat. If the reward is the motivation for her action, what level of morality is she exhibiting?

preconventional

Hedwig learned how to play racquetball prior to learning how to play tennis. Because of this, her tennis game has never been that good. The difficulty stems from __________.

proactive interference

When Nehir studies for her college classes, she actively thinks about the new information, thinks about its applications, and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Nehir is:

processing the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory.

In his clinical practice, Dr. Lee believes that the draw-a-person test (DAP) is an excellent way to discover some of his patients' mental health issues. The DAP requires you to draw a person, for instance, your mother or significant other. This type of test would be considered a(n) __________.

projective test

The theories of Sigmund Freud formed the basis of the _________.

psychodynamic theories of personality

When Wilson came out to his family, he asked them to use which term that used to be derogatory, but is now an umbrella term for members of the LGBTQ+ community?

queer

According to Freud, the ego is guided by the ___________.

reality principle

The Oedipus and Electra complexes create a lot of pressure for children and a lot of conflict regarding their sexual feelings. During the latency stage, children often bury all sexual feelings, which is an example of which defense mechanism?

repression

After telling the police officer everything he could recall about when they went into the bank, Desi got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information. At that point, Desi was most likely experiencing ____________.

retrieval cue failure

on Maslow's hierarchy, which of the following needs must Roger meet before he can seek intimacy?

safety needs

Lani is a young female who has noticed that her hips and buttocks have started to become slightly heavier. Lani is undergoing a change in ___________.

secondary sex characteristics

According to the research done my Ainsworth, which type of attachment is the healthiest?

secure

In the case of stimulus motives, organisms ________.

seek to increase stimulation

At the staff meeting, Adriana heard pitches from each of the teams working on the advertising campaign. Adriana's choice is an example of which step of the problem-solving process?

selecting a promising solution

The reshaping of one's life to concentrate on what one finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment is known as ___________________.

selective optimization with compensation

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called __________.

self-actualization

Simone has been unbeaten in her sport for years. What motivates her to continue innovating with new moves?

self-actualization

Alan works in a research laboratory. He owns a house, and he earns enough to sustain himself. He has a large social circle and makes time to meet his friends at least once a week. However, Alan feels that he is capable of much more and can achieve a lot more in life. He is striving to bring out the best within himself. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alan is trying to fulfill his ________.

self-actualization needs

Carl Rogers thinks it is important to reduce the difference between a person's __________________.

self-concepts & self-ideals

The series of eye fixations that we perceive as visual sensations seem continuous, or stream like, because of __________.

sensory memory

When we look at a visual stimulus, our impressions of it may seem fluid enough. This is because:

sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected.

In the context of prenatal development, the male embryo starts producing androgens, male sex hormones, by about the:

seventh week.

Which of these is best described as the direction of one's romantic interests and erotic attractions—toward members of one's own anatomic sex, the other anatomic sex, or both?

sexual orientation

According to Melissa Hines and her colleagues (2015), human female embryos and fetuses who have been exposed prenatally to higher-than-typical concentrations of male sex hormones ________.

show increased male-stereotyped play during childhood

Isam was excited about taking a course in psychology but was late for the first day of class because he had a flat tire. The teacher noticed the disruption in the class when he walked in and thought he was arrogant to do so. Because of this event, the teacher started treating Isam poorly. After a couple of weeks, Isam was telling his friends how much he disliked the course and the instructor. This sequence of events is best explained by:

social cognitive theory

Observational learning is one of the foundations of __________.

social cognitive theory

As a counselor, Elvira was struggling to work with one of her new clients. She could not understand where some of the problems were originating. However, after talking to her client some more, she discovered that her client's parents were both from overseas. This new understanding is best explained by the ________.

sociocultural perspective

Amaan is 21-years-old. He finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months, he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year, he switched apartments more than once, with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in the scenario?

the age of instability

In the context of hunger, adaptive thermogenesis causes which of the following effects when someone goes on a diet?

the body to burn fewer calories

Fila is jealous of the new cell phone one of her classmates just got. Because she wants it so much, she steals it from her friend's bag. According to the psychoanalytic perspective, which part of Fila's psyche was fueling this action?

the id

Which theory holds that innate factors, which make up children's nature, cause children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways?

the nativist theory of language development

Which of the following theorists believed that humans are primarily motivated by an inferiority complex?

Alfred Adler

Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference?

An actor who has been practicing the lines for act 2 of the play. When the time comes, they struggle to remember the lines from act 1.

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning.

Maddie is out playing in the park when she sees a shih tzu and an English bulldog being walked together. She knows they are both dogs because they fit her ________.

Concept

The ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems is also known as ________.

Creativity

Ryan is telling his grandchildren stories about growing up in another country. He describes his school and memories about his childhood friends. In this scenario, Ryan's ability to communicate his experiences about different times and places illustrates the quality of language known as ________.

Displacement

After a long day of holiday shopping Ms. Jeyaraj was exhausted. The stores were absolutely packed with people and traffic was horrific. All she wanted to do now was sit in a quiet room in her house and read a book. This is best explained by which of the following theories?

Drive-reduction Theory

A composite of studies of the relationship between IQ scores and heredity suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to IQ scores.

True

According to Freud, we are motivated to forget painful memories and unacceptable ideas because they produce anxiety, guilt, and shame.

True

According to Robert Sternberg, there are three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

True

Echoic memories last longer than iconic memories.

True

In N.R.F. Maier's experiment, Bismarck, seemed to have had what Gestalt psychologists have termed an Aha! experience, perhaps suddenly perceiving the relationships between the elements of the problem so that the solution occurred by insight.

True

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is defined as the ordering of needs from most basic (physiological needs such as hunger and thirst) to most elaborate and sophisticated (self-actualization).

True

Which one of these assessments groups test questions into a number of separate subtests where each subtest measures a different intellectual task?

Wechsler scale

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed)

Chelsea sells used cars and she has noticed over the years that when you initially quote a high price for a car people tend to not have a drastically different counteroffer. This is an example of ________.

an anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

bulimia nervosa

Which psychologist developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology?

carl jung

After a single presentation, Lalitha can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called ________.

chunking

Ophelia is 51-years-old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Since Ophelia is in middle adulthood, what is she most likely experiencing?

climacteric phase

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. Which theory best explains this behavior?

cognitive dissonance

What prenatal stage of development starts with implantation?

embryonic

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage?

establishment of close relationships

Karen Horney believed girls feel inferior to boys.

false

The final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the ______________.

formal operational stage

According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development:

have the ability to hypothesize.

Mick and Mack are identical twins. Which of these aspects of intelligence will be higher for them than fraternal siblings?

heritability

During the development of the superego, the child goes through this process in which they try to incorporate the moral standards and values of parents and members of their community.

identification

Explicit Memory is:

information that can be clearly stated

An adult who smokes or has issues with abusing alcohol would most likely has a fixation in what psychosexual stage?

oral

Two-year old Paris got excited when "gooses" crossed the sidewalk in front of her family on a walk. Her effort to regularize the irregular plural of geese is an example of ________.

overregularization

Tryphon wants to study why people are happy and well-adjusted instead of their disorders. Which area should he consider?

positive psychology

Researchers have shown that sexual orientation is ________.

primarily genetic

The Thematic Apperception Test is an example of which type of personality test?

projective

The simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli are known as ____________.

reflexes

Which of these is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas?

semanticity

Lula is an infant and constantly explores her universe by putting everything into her mouth. What stage would Piaget say she is in?

sensorimotor

According to behaviorists, personality is formed by __________.

situational or environmental influences

Some of the specific criticisms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that ________.

there is too much individual variation

Which psychologist studied the cognitive development of children?

Jean Piaget

Which of the following statements is true of language?

Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another.

If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face was flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in their sensory register as a(n) ________.

Memory Trace

Who believed that tension motivates us to behave in ways that restore us to a resting state?

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following is one of Ekman's (1980) universal emotions?

Surprise

Identify the true statement about problem solving.

Heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past.

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's psychodynamic theory, analytical psychology?

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.

The progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions is indicative of __________________.

Alzheimer's disease

In the context of the social and emotional development of children, which of the following statements is true?

Attachment formed in infancy tends to endure.

Which parenting style seems to produce the most well-adjusted, self-reliant, achievement-driven children?

authoritative

Episodic memory is also referred to as ________.

autobiographical memory

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of __________.

autonomy versus shame and doubt